For supplying additional arguments, use a command of `start-qemu <args>`. For example, to use `-curses`, one would `docker run ... tianon/qemu start-qemu -curses`.
For UEFI support, [the `ovmf` package](https://packages.debian.org/sid/ovmf) is installed, which can be utilized most easily by supplying `--bios /usr/share/ovmf/OVMF.fd`.
By default, this image will use [QEMU's user-mode networking stack](https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Networking#User_Networking_.28SLIRP.29), which means if you want ping/ICMP working, you'll likely need to also include something like `--sysctl net.ipv4.ping_group_range='0 2147483647'` in your container runtime settings.