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Update write-up
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README.md
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README.md
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@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
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# Kakaotalk Analysis
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- [Setup](#setup)
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- [SSH](#ssh)
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- [Setup Burp Suite](#configure-emulator-to-work-with-burp-suite)
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- [Setup Frida](#setup-frida-to-disable-certificate-pinning)
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- [Kakaotalk Login](#kakaotalk-account-setup)
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- [Tools to try](#tools-to-play-with)
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- [Misc Commands](#misc-commands)
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- [Resources](#resources)
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## Setup
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Prepare your `~/.bashrc` or `~/.zshrc`:
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@ -122,7 +131,7 @@ peterplan
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fMcz2Jtr
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```
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- In the KakaoTalk app, login with your email address:
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- When prompted add your phone number
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- When prompted add your phone number. You'll receive a SMS with a pin number.
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- **Optional**: you may have to send a SMS including a base64 string (e.g., `KakaoTalk HgAAABIwAGgAQGQAAAAAAjEABwAAADE1Mjc2MAAA`) to a KakaoTalk phone number (you won't receive any SMS response back). After that, you need to tap/click the `Check verification` button in the app and the registration process should be completed.
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<img width="318" alt="image" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/14765446/233626988-8bf6be98-c855-4f29-99cb-77d2d44dcb60.png">
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@ -164,16 +173,9 @@ adb shell dumpsys package | grep -Eo $(printf "^[[:space:]]+[0-9a-f]+[[:space:]]
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adb shell am start -a android.settings.SETTINGS
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```
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## Possible E2E Attack Vectors
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- Register an attacker's device to the victim's KakaoTalk account
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- MITM the protocol on the wire
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- Operator-side MITM (e.g., by changing public keys)
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- Tamper with the ciphertext on the wire -> code injection
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- Send a chat message to a victim to retrieve the E2E encryption key -> code injection
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- Install a malcious app on the victim's device to retrieve the E2E key via IPC
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## Resources
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Third-party Kakaotalk clients:
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- https://github.com/KiwiTalk/KiwiTalk
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- https://github.com/jhleekr/kakao.py
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63
RECON.md
63
RECON.md
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@ -9,6 +9,13 @@
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- [Open-Source Libs](#open-source-libs)
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- [Crypto](#crypto)
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- [E2E](#e2e)
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- [Possible Vectors](#possible-attack-vectors)
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- [Registration and Login](#registration-and-login)
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- [Cloud](#cloud)
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- [LOCO Protocol Attackss](#loco-protocol-attacks)
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- [Message Parsing](#message-parsing-zero-click)
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- [Malicious App](#malicious-third-party-app)
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- [Operator-side Attacks](#operator-side-attacks)
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## General infos
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@ -101,6 +108,7 @@ Java interfaces with interesting Rest APIs (interface names generated by `jadx`)
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**TO-DO**: Add GET and POST requests. Use `sqlmap -r` to *fuzz* the Rest APIs.
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Interesting classes:
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```
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com.kakao.p129i.appserver.AppApi
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com.kakao.talk.net.retrofit.BackupRestoreService
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@ -312,3 +320,58 @@ Version: 3
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### E2E
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Main implementation in package `com.kakao.talk.secret` and the `LocoCipherHelper ` class.
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## Possible Attack Vectors
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### Registration and Login
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- Register an attacker's device to the victim's KakaoTalk account
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- Get victims account credentials (e.g., via a data dump on breached.vc)
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- Brute-force 4-digit pin
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- During registration a pincode is sent via SMS (intercept with SS7 access)
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- Register an attacker's device via flaws in the LOCO protocol (`CHECKIN` and `LOGINLIST` commands)
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- Check out insecure REST API endpoints
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- QR Code login (`xm.a` and `vm.q` Java classes)
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- `/talk/account/qrCodeLogin/info.json?id=eyJwcm90b2NvbCI6InYxIiwiY2hhbGxlbmdlIjoiNlB6MFMzdkRQMmlFUTZoRXh5YW5mWGtOelNHU0RRIn0=`
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- `{"protocol":"v1","challenge":"6Pz0S3vDP2iEQ6hExyanfXkNzSGSDQ"}`
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- `m.w.R1` method computes a MAC of the challenge
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- The OAuth Refresh Token seems to be the MAC key
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- How to obtain them? How are they generated? How long do they live?
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- `ym.a` class builds the POST request
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- API endpoints in interface `e31.j`
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### Cloud
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- Cloud back-up (weak password)
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- Secret Chat messages won’t be stored
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- Tamper with plaintext asset downloads via HTTP (parser attacks on the client possible?)
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### LOCO Protocol Attacks
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- Spoof victim (`CHECKIN` packet)
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- Spoof victim’s device ID (**TODO**: How is it generated?)
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- Spoof KakaoTalk server
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- Send the attacker’s public key to the victim (maybe there’s a LOCO command for updating RSA public keys on the client?)
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- MITM traffic
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- Tamper messages (CFB malleability —> [Efail](https://jaads.de/Bachelorthesis/Bachelorthesis_Jan_Arends.pdf))
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- [Owncloud CFB malleability bug](https://blog.hboeck.de/archives/880-Pwncloud-bad-crypto-in-the-Owncloud-encryption-module.html)
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- Use the `LOGINLIST` command with `chatDatas`, `attachment` or `code` JSON fields to run code on the client app?
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- Replay messages
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- Drop messages (maybe there's a way to fallback to unencrypted comms?)
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- Sniff plaintext LOCO packets (`CHECKIN` packet)
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### Message Parsing ("Zero Click")
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- Send a chat message to a victim to retrieve the E2E encryption key -> code injection
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- URL rendering
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- Calendar invite rendering
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- Emojis
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### Malicious third-party app
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- Install a malcious app on the victim's device to retrieve the E2E key via IPC
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- Send malicious intents (code injection)
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### Operator-side Attacks
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- Operator-side MITM (e.g., by changing public keys)
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