diff --git a/core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.c b/core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.c
index 4368886a2..37181cf73 100644
--- a/core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.c
@@ -1962,6 +1962,12 @@ aot_instantiate(AOTModule *module, AOTModuleInstance *parent,
     module_inst->module = (void *)module;
     module_inst->e =
         (WASMModuleInstanceExtra *)((uint8 *)module_inst + extra_info_offset);
+#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
+    if (os_mutex_init(&module_inst->e->common.exception_lock) != 0) {
+        wasm_runtime_free(module_inst);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#endif
     extra = (AOTModuleInstanceExtra *)module_inst->e;
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
@@ -2353,6 +2359,10 @@ aot_deinstantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, bool is_sub_inst)
         wasm_exec_env_destroy((WASMExecEnv *)module_inst->exec_env_singleton);
     }
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
+    os_mutex_destroy(&module_inst->e->common.exception_lock);
+#endif
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_PERF_PROFILING != 0
     if (module_inst->func_perf_profilings)
         wasm_runtime_free(module_inst->func_perf_profilings);
diff --git a/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.c b/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.c
index a59bc9257..d7825d56a 100644
--- a/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.c
@@ -2512,6 +2512,12 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
     module_inst->module = module;
     module_inst->e =
         (WASMModuleInstanceExtra *)((uint8 *)module_inst + extra_info_offset);
+#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
+    if (os_mutex_init(&module_inst->e->common.exception_lock) != 0) {
+        wasm_runtime_free(module_inst);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#endif
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE != 0
     module_inst->e->sub_module_inst_list =
@@ -3501,6 +3507,9 @@ wasm_deinstantiate(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst, bool is_sub_inst)
     bh_bitmap_delete(module_inst->e->common.elem_dropped);
 #endif
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
+    os_mutex_destroy(&module_inst->e->common.exception_lock);
+#endif
     wasm_runtime_free(module_inst);
 }
 
diff --git a/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.h b/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.h
index 0ba2049af..98913e9fe 100644
--- a/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.h
@@ -334,6 +334,9 @@ typedef struct WASMModuleInstanceExtraCommon {
     /* The gc heap created */
     void *gc_heap_handle;
 #endif
+#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
+    korp_mutex exception_lock;
+#endif
 } WASMModuleInstanceExtraCommon;
 
 /* Extra info of WASM module instance for interpreter/jit mode */
diff --git a/core/iwasm/libraries/thread-mgr/thread_manager.c b/core/iwasm/libraries/thread-mgr/thread_manager.c
index 5a647a9b6..fb4ddc0f7 100644
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/thread-mgr/thread_manager.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/thread-mgr/thread_manager.c
@@ -29,8 +29,6 @@ static bh_list cluster_list_head;
 static bh_list *const cluster_list = &cluster_list_head;
 static korp_mutex cluster_list_lock;
 
-static korp_mutex _exception_lock;
-
 typedef void (*list_visitor)(void *, void *);
 
 static uint32 cluster_max_thread_num = CLUSTER_MAX_THREAD_NUM;
@@ -51,10 +49,6 @@ thread_manager_init()
         return false;
     if (os_mutex_init(&cluster_list_lock) != 0)
         return false;
-    if (os_mutex_init(&_exception_lock) != 0) {
-        os_mutex_destroy(&cluster_list_lock);
-        return false;
-    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +63,6 @@ thread_manager_destroy()
         cluster = next;
     }
     wasm_cluster_cancel_all_callbacks();
-    os_mutex_destroy(&_exception_lock);
     os_mutex_destroy(&cluster_list_lock);
 }
 
@@ -1540,19 +1533,13 @@ wasm_cluster_is_thread_terminated(WASMExecEnv *exec_env)
 void
 exception_lock(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst)
 {
-    /*
-     * Note: this lock could be per module instance if desirable.
-     * We can revisit on AOT version bump.
-     * It probably doesn't matter though because the exception handling
-     * logic should not be executed too frequently anyway.
-     */
-    os_mutex_lock(&_exception_lock);
+    os_mutex_lock(&module_inst->e->common.exception_lock);
 }
 
 void
 exception_unlock(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst)
 {
-    os_mutex_unlock(&_exception_lock);
+    os_mutex_unlock(&module_inst->e->common.exception_lock);
 }
 
 void