test zephyrproject-rtos/ci image

Add a new CI on Zephyr
to run product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple and product-mini/platforms/zephyr/user-mode
2025-07-11 15:03:33 +00:00 · 2025-06-18 02:37:06 +00:00 · 2025-06-18 01:45:26 +00:00
55 changed files with 532 additions and 764 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build_iwasm_release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_iwasm_release.yml
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ on:
        type: string
        required: true
      upload_url:
-        description: upload binary assets to the URL of release
+        description: a semantic version number. it is required when `release` is true.
        type: string
        required: false
      ver_num:
--- a/.github/workflows/build_wamrc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_wamrc.yml
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ on:
        type: string
        required: true
      upload_url:
-        description: upload binary assets to the URL of release
+        description: a semantic version number. it is required when `release` is true.
        type: string
        required: false
      ver_num:
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:

    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
    - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3.29.1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3.29.0
      with:
        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}

@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
    - run: |
        ./.github/scripts/codeql_buildscript.sh
    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3.29.1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3.29.0
      with:
        category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"
        upload: false
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
        output: ${{ steps.step1.outputs.sarif-output }}/cpp.sarif

    - name: Upload CodeQL results to code scanning
-      uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3.29.1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3.29.0
      with:
        sarif_file: ${{ steps.step1.outputs.sarif-output }}
        category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"
--- a/.github/workflows/compilation_on_sgx.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilation_on_sgx.yml
@ -290,6 +290,28 @@ jobs:

      - name: run spec tests
        run: |
+          set +e
          source /opt/intel/sgxsdk/environment
-          ./test_wamr.sh ${{ matrix.test_option }} -t ${{ matrix.running_mode }}
+          attempts=0
+          max_attempts=3
+
+          while [ $attempts -lt $max_attempts ]; do
+            ./test_wamr.sh ${{ matrix.test_option }} -t ${{ matrix.running_mode }}
+            exitcode="$?"
+
+            if [ $exitcode -eq 0 ]; then
+              echo "Spec test passed"
+              exit 0
+            elif [ $exitcode -ne 143 ]; then
+              echo "Spec test failed with error code $exitcode"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+
+            echo "$exitcode is a known GitHub-hosted runner issue"
+            echo "::notice::Re-running the spec test due to error code 143"
+            attempts=$((attempts + 1))
+          done
+
+          echo "::notice::Report an error with code 143 in SGX CI after $max_attempts attempts"
+          exit 143
        working-directory: ./tests/wamr-test-suites
--- a/.github/workflows/compilation_on_zephyr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compilation_on_zephyr.yml
@ -56,74 +56,97 @@ permissions:

 jobs:
  smoke_test:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: zephyr-runner
+
    container:
      # For Zephyr 3.7 LTS, use the v0.26-branch or the latest v0.26.x release Docker image.
-      # ci require a larger runner to avoid "no space left on device"
-      image: ghcr.io/zephyrproject-rtos/ci-base:v0.26-branch
+      image: ghcr.io/zephyrproject-rtos/ci:v0.26-branch
      options: --user root

    steps:
      # https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/develop/application/index.html#zephyr-workspace-application
-      # zephyrproject/       --> CI ROOT
+      # zephyrproject/
      # ├─── .west/
      # │    └─── config
+      # ├─── zephyr/
      # ├─── bootloader/
-      # ├─── zephyr/         --> Zephyr source code
-      # ├─── zephyr-sdk/
      # ├─── modules/
-      # │    |─── wasm-micro-runtime   --> WAMR source code
      # ├─── tools/
-      # ├─── vendor/
-      # └─── application/    --> DUMMY. keep west_lite.yml here
-
+      # ├─── <vendor/private-repositories>/
+      # └─── applications/ <- wasm-micro-runtime HERE
+      #      └── app/
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
-          path: modules/wasm-micro-runtime
-
-      - name: Prepare Zephyr environment
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p application
-          cp modules/wasm-micro-runtime/product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple/west_lite.yml application/west_lite.yml
+          path: application

      - name: Setup Zephyr project
        uses: zephyrproject-rtos/action-zephyr-setup@v1
        with:
          app-path: application
-          manifest-file-name: west_lite.yml
          sdk-version: ${{ env.ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION }}
-          toolchains: arc-zephyr-elf:arc64-zephyr-elf
-
-      - name: Build a sample application(simple)
+      
+      - name: DBG#1
        shell: bash
        run: |
-          pushd product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple
-          west build . -b qemu_arc/qemu_arc_hs  -p always -- -DWAMR_BUILD_TARGET=ARC
-          popd
+          pwd
+          ls -l .
+          tree -d .

-          # west build -t run will fork several processes, which will cause the job to hang.
-          # run in the background and kill it after 5 seconds
-          .github/scripts/run_qemu_arc.sh \
-            ../../zephyr-sdk \
-            product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple/build/zephyr/zephyr.elf &
-          sleep 5
-          pkill qemu-system-arc
-        working-directory: modules/wasm-micro-runtime
+      # - name: Generate a minimum Zephyr project
+      #   shell: bash
+      #   run: |
+      #     mkdir -p ./zephyrproject/modules/zephyr
+      #     mkdir -p ./zephyrproject/smoke-test
+      #     cp product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple/west_lite.yml ./zephyrproject/smoke-test/west.yml

-      - name: Build a sample application(user-mode)
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          pushd product-mini/platforms/zephyr/user-mode
-          west build . -b qemu_arc/qemu_arc_hs -p always -- -DWAMR_BUILD_TARGET=ARC
-          popd
+      # - name: Initialize west
+      #   shell: bash
+      #   run: |
+      #     west init -l .
+      #   working-directory: ./zephyrproject/smoke-test

-          # west build -t run will fork several processes, which will cause the job to hang.
-          # run in the background and kill it after 5 seconds
-          .github/scripts/run_qemu_arc.sh \
-            ../../zephyr-sdk \
-            product-mini/platforms/zephyr/user-mode/build/zephyr/zephyr.elf &
-          sleep 5
-          pkill qemu-system-arc
-        working-directory: modules/wasm-micro-runtime
+      # - name: Update west to fetch the Zephyr project
+      #   shell: bash
+      #   run: west update --stats
+      #   working-directory: ./zephyrproject
+
+      # - name: Export Zephyr environment
+      #   shell: bash
+      #   run: |
+      #     west zephyr-export
+      #     pip3 install -r ./scripts/requirements.txt
+      #   working-directory: ./zephyrproject/modules/zephyr
+
+      # - name: Set Environment Variables
+      #   shell: bash
+      #   run: |
+      #     echo "ZEPHYR_BASE=$(realpath ./zephyrproject/modules/zephyr)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      # - name: Build a sample application(simple)
+      #   run: |
+      #     pushd product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple
+      #     west build . -b qemu_arc/qemu_arc_hs  -p always -- -DWAMR_BUILD_TARGET=ARC
+      #     popd
+
+      #     # west build -t run will fork several processes, which will cause the job to hang.
+      #     # run in the background and kill it after 5 seconds
+      #     .github/scripts/run_qemu_arc.sh \
+      #       /opt/zephyr-sdk-${{ env.ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION }} \
+      #       product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple/build/zephyr/zephyr.elf &
+      #     sleep 5
+      #     pkill qemu-system-arc
+
+      # - name: Build a sample application(user-mode)
+      #   run: |
+      #     pushd product-mini/platforms/zephyr/user-mode
+      #     west build . -b qemu_arc/qemu_arc_hs -p always -- -DWAMR_BUILD_TARGET=ARC
+      #     popd
+
+      #     # west build -t run will fork several processes, which will cause the job to hang.
+      #     # run in the background and kill it after 5 seconds
+      #     .github/scripts/run_qemu_arc.sh \
+      #       /opt/zephyr-sdk-${{ env.ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION }} \
+      #       product-mini/platforms/zephyr/user-mode/build/zephyr/zephyr.elf &
+      #     sleep 5
+      #     pkill qemu-system-arc
--- a/.github/workflows/nightly_run.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nightly_run.yml
@ -36,11 +36,12 @@ env:
  LLVM_EAGER_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=0"
  MULTI_TIER_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=1"
  # For Spec Test
-  DEFAULT_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P"
-  MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P -M"
-  SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P -S"
-  THREADS_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P -p"
-  X86_32_TARGET_TEST_OPTIONS: "-m x86_32"
+  # FIXME: use binary release(adding -b) instead of building from source after upgrading to 22.04
+  DEFAULT_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -P"
+  MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -M -P"
+  SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -S -P"
+  THREADS_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -p -P"
+  X86_32_TARGET_TEST_OPTIONS: "-m x86_32 -P"
  WASI_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s wasi_certification -w"

 permissions:
--- a/.github/workflows/supply_chain.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/supply_chain.yml
@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ jobs:

      # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
      - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@4c57370d0304fbff638216539f81d9163f77712a 
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@2847b7f7ab9f48fc49eca90a53fff6007285f399 
        with:
          sarif_file: results.sarif
--- a/.github/workflows/wamr_wasi_extensions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wamr_wasi_extensions.yml
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-
-name: wamr_wasi_extensions
-
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    types:
-      - opened
-      - synchronize
-    paths:
-      - ".github/workflows/wamr_wasi_extensions.yml"
-      - "wamr_wasi_extensios/**"
-      - "core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/**"
-      - "core/iwasm/libraries/lib-socket/**"
-  # allow to be triggered manually
-  workflow_dispatch:
-
-# Cancel any in-flight jobs for the same PR/branch so there's only one active
-# at a time
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  build_wamr_wasi_extensions:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, macos-13, macos-14]
-    steps:
-      - name: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: install-wasi-sdk-wabt
-        uses: ./.github/actions/install-wasi-sdk-wabt
-        with:
-          os: ${{ matrix.os }}
-
-      - name: Build wamr-wasi-extensions
-        run: |
-          mkdir dist
-          ./build_libs.sh $(pwd)/dist/wamr-wasi-extensions
-        working-directory: wamr-wasi-extensions
-
-      - name: Build wamr-wasi-extensions samples
-        run: |
-          ./build_samples.sh $(pwd)/dist/wamr-wasi-extensions
-        working-directory: wamr-wasi-extensions
-
-      - name: Upload artifacts
-        if: matrix.os == 'macos-14'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: wamr-wasi-extensions
-          path: wamr-wasi-extensions/dist
-          retention-days: 10
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_LIB_WASI_THREADS)
  set (WAMR_BUILD_LIB_WASI_THREADS 0)
 endif ()

-if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_COPY_CALL_STACK)
+if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK)
  # Disable copy callstack by default
-  set (WAMR_BUILD_COPY_CALL_STACK 0)
+  set (WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK 0)
 endif()

 if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_MINI_LOADER)
--- a/build-scripts/config_common.cmake
+++ b/build-scripts/config_common.cmake
@ -334,10 +334,15 @@ if (WAMR_BUILD_SHARED_HEAP EQUAL 1)
  add_definitions (-DWASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP=1)
  message ("     Shared heap enabled")
 endif()
-if (WAMR_BUILD_COPY_CALL_STACK EQUAL 1)
-  add_definitions (-DWASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK=1)
+
+if (WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK EQUAL 1)
+  add_definitions (-DWAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK=1)
  message("     Copy callstack enabled")
+else ()
+  add_definitions (-DWAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK=0)
+  message("     Copy callstack disabled")
 endif()
+
 if (WAMR_BUILD_MEMORY64 EQUAL 1)
  # if native is 32-bit or cross-compiled to 32-bit
  if (NOT WAMR_BUILD_TARGET MATCHES ".*64.*")
@ -534,9 +539,6 @@ if (WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN EQUAL 1)
  if (DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN_EXTERNAL_DELEGATE_PATH)
      add_definitions (-DWASM_WASI_NN_EXTERNAL_DELEGATE_PATH="${WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN_EXTERNAL_DELEGATE_PATH}")
  endif ()
-  if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN)
-      set(WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN 1)
-  endif()
  if (WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN EQUAL 1)
      message ("     WASI-NN: use 'wasi_ephemeral_nn' instead of 'wasi-nn'")
      add_definitions (-DWASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN=1)
--- a/build-scripts/runtime_lib.cmake
+++ b/build-scripts/runtime_lib.cmake
@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ endif ()

 if (WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN EQUAL 1)
    include (${IWASM_DIR}/libraries/wasi-nn/cmake/wasi_nn.cmake)
-    set (WAMR_BUILD_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT 1)
 endif ()

 if (WAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD EQUAL 1)
--- a/ci/coding_guidelines_check.py
+++ b/ci/coding_guidelines_check.py
@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 #
 import argparse
+import re
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import shlex
@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ INVALID_FILE_NAME_SEGMENT = r"([a-zA-Z0-9]+\-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)"

 def locate_command(command: str) -> bool:
    if not shutil.which(command):
-        print(f"Command '{command}' not found")
+        print(f"Command '{command}'' not found")
        return False

    return True
--- a/core/config.h
+++ b/core/config.h
@ -193,8 +193,8 @@
 #error "Heap aux stack allocation must be enabled for WASI threads"
 #endif

-#ifndef WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
-#define WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK 0
+#ifndef WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK
+#define WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK 0
 #endif

 #ifndef WASM_ENABLE_BASE_LIB
--- a/core/iwasm/aot/aot_loader.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/aot/aot_loader.c
@ -1730,12 +1730,6 @@ load_types(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
            (void)u8;

            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, j);
-#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT_VALIDATOR != 0
-            if (j >= module->type_count) {
-                set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size, "invalid type index");
-                goto fail;
-            }
-#endif
            if (module->types[j]->ref_count == UINT16_MAX) {
                set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                              "wasm type's ref count too large");
@ -1999,13 +1993,6 @@ load_types(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
                AOTType *cur_type = module->types[j];
                parent_type_idx = cur_type->parent_type_idx;
                if (parent_type_idx != (uint32)-1) { /* has parent */
-#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT_VALIDATOR != 0
-                    if (parent_type_idx >= module->type_count) {
-                        set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
-                                      "invalid parent type index");
-                        goto fail;
-                    }
-#endif
                    AOTType *parent_type = module->types[parent_type_idx];

                    module->types[j]->parent_type = parent_type;
@ -2029,13 +2016,6 @@ load_types(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
                AOTType *cur_type = module->types[j];
                parent_type_idx = cur_type->parent_type_idx;
                if (parent_type_idx != (uint32)-1) { /* has parent */
-#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT_VALIDATOR != 0
-                    if (parent_type_idx >= module->type_count) {
-                        set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
-                                      "invalid parent type index");
-                        goto fail;
-                    }
-#endif
                    AOTType *parent_type = module->types[parent_type_idx];
                    /* subtyping has been checked during compilation */
                    bh_assert(wasm_type_is_subtype_of(
--- a/core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.c
@ -4137,9 +4137,9 @@ aot_frame_update_profile_info(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, bool alloc_frame)
 }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_AOT_STACK_FRAME != 0 */

-#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
+#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
 uint32
-aot_copy_callstack_tiny_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+aot_copy_callstack_tiny_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                              const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n,
                              char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
 {
@ -4193,7 +4193,7 @@ aot_copy_callstack_tiny_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
 }

 uint32
-aot_copy_callstack_standard_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+aot_copy_callstack_standard_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                                  const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n,
                                  char *error_buf, uint32_t error_buf_size)
 {
@ -4243,7 +4243,7 @@ aot_copy_callstack_standard_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
 }

 uint32
-aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                   const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                   uint32_t error_buf_size)
 {
@ -4265,7 +4265,7 @@ aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                                             error_buf, error_buf_size);
    }
 }
-#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
+#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK

 #if WASM_ENABLE_DUMP_CALL_STACK != 0
 bool
--- a/core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.h
@ -787,12 +787,12 @@ aot_frame_update_profile_info(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, bool alloc_frame);
 bool
 aot_create_call_stack(struct WASMExecEnv *exec_env);

-#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
+#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
 uint32
-aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                   const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                   uint32_t error_buf_size);
-#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
+#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK

 /**
 * @brief Dump wasm call stack or get the size
--- a/core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.c
@ -1743,9 +1743,9 @@ wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(WASMExecEnv *exec_env)
    wasm_exec_env_destroy(exec_env);
 }

-#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
+#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
 uint32
-wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                    const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                    uint32_t error_buf_size)
 {
@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@ wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
    strncpy(error_buf, err_msg, error_buf_size);
    return 0;
 }
-#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
+#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK

 bool
 wasm_runtime_init_thread_env(void)
--- a/core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.h
@ -758,12 +758,12 @@ wasm_runtime_create_exec_env(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
 WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN void
 wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(WASMExecEnv *exec_env);

-#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
+#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
 WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN uint32_t
-wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                    const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                    uint32 error_buf_size);
-#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
+#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK

 /* See wasm_export.h for description */
 WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN WASMModuleInstanceCommon *
--- a/core/iwasm/compilation/aot_emit_aot_file.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/compilation/aot_emit_aot_file.c
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ typedef struct AOTSymbolList {
 } AOTSymbolList;

 /* AOT object data */
-struct AOTObjectData {
+typedef struct AOTObjectData {
    AOTCompContext *comp_ctx;

    LLVMMemoryBufferRef mem_buf;
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ struct AOTObjectData {
    const char *stack_sizes_section_name;
    uint32 stack_sizes_offset;
    uint32 *stack_sizes;
-};
+} AOTObjectData;

 #if 0
 static void dump_buf(uint8 *buf, uint32 size, char *title)
--- a/core/iwasm/compilation/aot_llvm.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/compilation/aot_llvm.c
@ -3999,7 +3999,7 @@ aot_get_func_from_table(const AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, LLVMValueRef base,

    if (!(func =
              LLVMBuildBitCast(comp_ctx->builder, func, func_type, "func"))) {
-        aot_set_last_error("cast function failed.");
+        aot_set_last_error("cast function fialed.");
        goto fail;
    }

@ -4068,7 +4068,7 @@ aot_load_const_from_table(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, LLVMValueRef base,

    if (!(const_addr = LLVMBuildBitCast(comp_ctx->builder, const_addr,
                                        const_ptr_type, "const_addr"))) {
-        aot_set_last_error("cast const failed.");
+        aot_set_last_error("cast const fialed.");
        return NULL;
    }

--- a/core/iwasm/include/wasm_export.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/include/wasm_export.h
@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ typedef struct wasm_frame_t {
    uint32_t *lp;
 } WASMCApiFrame;

+typedef WASMCApiFrame wasm_frame_t;
+
 /* WASM section */
 typedef struct wasm_section_t {
    struct wasm_section_t *next;
@ -902,7 +904,7 @@ wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env);
 * @return number of copied frames
 */
 WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN uint32_t
-wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                    const uint32_t length, const uint32_t skip_n,
                    char *error_buf, uint32_t error_buf_size);

--- a/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_interp_classic.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_interp_classic.c
@ -4088,7 +4088,7 @@ wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                    case WASM_OP_STRING_ENCODE_LOSSY_UTF8_ARRAY:
                    case WASM_OP_STRING_ENCODE_WTF8_ARRAY:
                    {
-                        uint32 start, array_len;
+                        uint32 start, array_len, count;
                        int32 bytes_written;
                        EncodingFlag flag = WTF8;
                        WASMArrayType *array_type;
--- a/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c
@ -2042,9 +2042,9 @@ load_type_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
                                      "recursive type count too large");
                        return false;
                    }
+                    module->type_count += rec_count - 1;
                    new_total_size =
-                        sizeof(WASMFuncType *)
-                        * (uint64)(module->type_count + rec_count - 1);
+                        sizeof(WASMFuncType *) * (uint64)module->type_count;
                    if (new_total_size > UINT32_MAX) {
                        set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                                      "allocate memory failed");
@ -2052,7 +2052,6 @@ load_type_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
                    }
                    MEM_REALLOC(module->types, (uint32)total_size,
                                (uint32)new_total_size);
-                    module->type_count += rec_count - 1;
                    total_size = new_total_size;
                }

@ -3352,8 +3351,7 @@ load_import_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
                    /* valtype */
                    CHECK_BUF(p, p_end, 1);
                    global_type = read_uint8(p);
-                    if (wasm_is_reftype_htref_nullable(global_type)
-                        || wasm_is_reftype_htref_non_nullable(global_type)) {
+                    if (wasm_is_reftype_htref_nullable(global_type)) {
                        int32 heap_type;
                        read_leb_int32(p, p_end, heap_type);
                        (void)heap_type;
@ -15025,6 +15023,8 @@ re_scan:
                    case WASM_OP_STRING_NEW_LOSSY_UTF8:
                    case WASM_OP_STRING_NEW_WTF8:
                    {
+                        uint32 memidx;
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                        func->has_memory_operations = true;
 #endif
@ -15036,6 +15036,7 @@ re_scan:
                        POP_I32();
                        POP_I32();
                        PUSH_REF(REF_TYPE_STRINGREF);
+                        (void)memidx;
                        break;
                    }
                    case WASM_OP_STRING_CONST:
@ -15063,6 +15064,8 @@ re_scan:
                    case WASM_OP_STRING_ENCODE_LOSSY_UTF8:
                    case WASM_OP_STRING_ENCODE_WTF8:
                    {
+                        uint32 memidx;
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                        func->has_memory_operations = true;
 #endif
@ -15074,6 +15077,7 @@ re_scan:
                        POP_I32();
                        POP_STRINGREF();
                        PUSH_I32();
+                        (void)memidx;
                        break;
                    }
                    case WASM_OP_STRING_CONCAT:
@ -15114,6 +15118,8 @@ re_scan:
                    case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF8_ENCODE_LOSSY_UTF8:
                    case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF8_ENCODE_WTF8:
                    {
+                        uint32 memidx;
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                        func->has_memory_operations = true;
 #endif
@ -15128,6 +15134,7 @@ re_scan:
                        POP_REF(REF_TYPE_STRINGVIEWWTF8);
                        PUSH_I32();
                        PUSH_I32();
+                        (void)memidx;
                        break;
                    }
                    case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF8_SLICE:
@ -15159,6 +15166,8 @@ re_scan:
                    }
                    case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF16_ENCODE:
                    {
+                        uint32 memidx;
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                        func->has_memory_operations = true;
 #endif
@ -15172,6 +15181,7 @@ re_scan:
                        POP_I32();
                        POP_REF(REF_TYPE_STRINGVIEWWTF16);
                        PUSH_I32();
+                        (void)memidx;
                        break;
                    }
                    case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF16_SLICE:
--- a/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.c
@ -2668,7 +2668,7 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
                        }
                        STORE_PTR((void **)global_data, func_obj);
                        global_data += sizeof(void *);
-                        /* Also update the initial_value since other globals may
+                        /* Also update the inital_value since other globals may
                         * refer to this */
                        global->initial_value.gc_obj = (wasm_obj_t)func_obj;
                        break;
@ -4195,9 +4195,9 @@ wasm_get_module_inst_mem_consumption(const WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
 #endif /* end of (WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY_PROFILING != 0) \
                 || (WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY_TRACING != 0) */

-#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
+#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
 uint32
-wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                           uint32 length, uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                           uint32_t error_buf_size)
 {
@ -4242,7 +4242,7 @@ wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
    }
    return count >= skip_n ? count - skip_n : 0;
 }
-#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
+#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK

 #if WASM_ENABLE_DUMP_CALL_STACK != 0
 bool
--- a/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.h
@ -731,12 +731,12 @@ wasm_get_table_inst(const WASMModuleInstance *module_inst, uint32 tbl_idx)

 #if WASM_ENABLE_DUMP_CALL_STACK != 0

-#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
+#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
 uint32
-wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
+wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                           uint32 length, uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                           uint32_t error_buf_size);
-#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
+#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK

 bool
 wasm_interp_create_call_stack(struct WASMExecEnv *exec_env);
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/wasi_nn.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/wasi_nn.h
@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #else
 #define WASI_NN_IMPORT(name) \
    __attribute__((import_module("wasi_nn"), import_name(name)))
-#warning You are using "wasi_nn", which is a legacy WAMR-specific ABI. It's deperecated and will likely be removed in future versions of WAMR. Please use "wasi_ephemeral_nn" instead. (For a WASM module, use the wasi_ephemeral_nn.h header instead. For the runtime configurations, enable WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN/WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN.)
 #endif

 /**
@ -109,13 +108,14 @@ WASI_NN_NAME(compute)
 WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
 WASI_NN_NAME(get_output)
 (WASI_NN_NAME(graph_execution_context) ctx, uint32_t index,
- uint8_t *output_tensor, uint32_t output_tensor_max_size,
+ WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_data) output_tensor, uint32_t output_tensor_max_size,
 uint32_t *output_tensor_size) WASI_NN_IMPORT("get_output");
 #else
 WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
 WASI_NN_NAME(get_output)
-(graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index, uint8_t *output_tensor,
- uint32_t *output_tensor_size) WASI_NN_IMPORT("get_output");
+(graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
+ WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_data) output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
+    WASI_NN_IMPORT("get_output");
 #endif

 #endif
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/wasi_nn_types.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/wasi_nn_types.h
@ -99,14 +99,7 @@ typedef enum {
 // 4-byte f32 elements would have a data array of length 16). Naturally, this
 // representation requires some knowledge of how to lay out data in
 // memory--e.g., using row-major ordering--and could perhaps be improved.
-#if !defined(__wasm__) || WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
-typedef struct {
-    uint8_t *buf;
-    uint32_t size;
-} WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_data);
-#else
 typedef uint8_t *WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_data);
-#endif

 // A tensor.
 typedef struct {
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/utils/wasi_nn_app_native.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/utils/wasi_nn_app_native.c
@ -99,8 +99,7 @@ graph_builder_array_app_native(wasm_module_inst_t instance,

 static wasi_nn_error
 tensor_data_app_native(wasm_module_inst_t instance, uint32_t total_elements,
-                       tensor_wasm *input_tensor_wasm, void **data,
-                       uint32_t *size)
+                       tensor_wasm *input_tensor_wasm, tensor_data *data)
 {
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
 #define data_size input_tensor_wasm->data_size
@ -114,9 +113,8 @@ tensor_data_app_native(wasm_module_inst_t instance, uint32_t total_elements,
        NN_ERR_PRINTF("input_tensor_wasm->data_offset is invalid");
        return invalid_argument;
    }
-    *data = wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native(
+    *data = (tensor_data)wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native(
        instance, (uint64)input_tensor_wasm->data_offset);
-    *size = data_size;
    return success;
 #undef data_size
 }
@ -190,19 +188,16 @@ tensor_app_native(wasm_module_inst_t instance, tensor_wasm *input_tensor_wasm,
    NN_DBG_PRINTF("Tensor type: %d", input_tensor_wasm->type);
    NN_DBG_PRINTF("Total number of elements: %d", total_elements);

-    void *data = NULL;
-    uint32_t datasize;
+    tensor_data data = NULL;
    if (success
-        != (res =
-                tensor_data_app_native(instance, total_elements,
-                                       input_tensor_wasm, &data, &datasize))) {
+        != (res = tensor_data_app_native(instance, total_elements,
+                                         input_tensor_wasm, &data))) {
        wasm_runtime_free(dimensions);
        return res;
    }

    input_tensor->type = input_tensor_wasm->type;
    input_tensor->dimensions = dimensions;
-    input_tensor->data.buf = data;
-    input_tensor->data.size = datasize;
+    input_tensor->data = data;
    return success;
 }
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn.c
@ -20,10 +20,6 @@
 #include "wasi_nn_types.h"
 #include "wasm_export.h"

-#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN == 0
-#warning You are using "wasi_nn", which is a legacy WAMR-specific ABI. It's deperecated and will likely be removed in future versions of WAMR. Please use "wasi_ephemeral_nn" instead. (For a WASM module, use the wasi_ephemeral_nn.h header instead. For the runtime configurations, enable WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN/WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN.)
-#endif
-
 #define HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE 20
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
 #define LIB_EXTENTION ".dylib"
@ -55,21 +51,53 @@ struct backends_api_functions {
            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Error %s() -> %d", #func, wasi_error);          \
    } while (0)

-static void *wasi_nn_key;
+/* HashMap utils */
+static HashMap *hashmap;
+
+static uint32
+hash_func(const void *key)
+{
+    // fnv1a_hash
+    const uint32 FNV_PRIME = 16777619;
+    const uint32 FNV_OFFSET_BASIS = 2166136261U;
+
+    uint32 hash = FNV_OFFSET_BASIS;
+    const unsigned char *bytes = (const unsigned char *)key;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(uintptr_t); ++i) {
+        hash ^= bytes[i];
+        hash *= FNV_PRIME;
+    }
+
+    return hash;
+}
+
+static bool
+key_equal_func(void *key1, void *key2)
+{
+    return key1 == key2;
+}
+
+static void
+key_destroy_func(void *key1)
+{
+    /* key type is wasm_module_inst_t*. do nothing */
+}

 static void
 wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx)
 {
+    NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] DEINIT...");
+
    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        NN_ERR_PRINTF(
+            "Error when deallocating memory. WASI-NN context is NULL");
        return;
    }
-    NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] DEINIT...");
    NN_DBG_PRINTF("Freeing wasi-nn");
    NN_DBG_PRINTF("-> is_model_loaded: %d", wasi_nn_ctx->is_model_loaded);
    NN_DBG_PRINTF("-> current_encoding: %d", wasi_nn_ctx->backend);

-    bh_assert(!wasi_nn_ctx->busy);
-
    /* deinit() the backend */
    if (wasi_nn_ctx->is_backend_ctx_initialized) {
        wasi_nn_error res;
@ -77,14 +105,13 @@ wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx)
                          wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx);
    }

-    os_mutex_destroy(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
    wasm_runtime_free(wasi_nn_ctx);
 }

 static void
-dtor(wasm_module_inst_t inst, void *ctx)
+value_destroy_func(void *value)
 {
-    wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(ctx);
+    wasi_nn_ctx_destroy((WASINNContext *)value);
 }

 bool
@ -97,9 +124,12 @@ wasi_nn_initialize()
        return false;
    }

-    wasi_nn_key = wasm_runtime_create_context_key(dtor);
-    if (wasi_nn_key == NULL) {
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF("Failed to create context key");
+    // hashmap { instance: wasi_nn_ctx }
+    hashmap = bh_hash_map_create(HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE, true, hash_func,
+                                 key_equal_func, key_destroy_func,
+                                 value_destroy_func);
+    if (hashmap == NULL) {
+        NN_ERR_PRINTF("Error while initializing hashmap");
        os_mutex_destroy(&wasi_nn_lock);
        return false;
    }
@ -120,11 +150,6 @@ wasi_nn_initialize_context()
    }

    memset(wasi_nn_ctx, 0, sizeof(WASINNContext));
-    if (os_mutex_init(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock)) {
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF("Error when initializing a lock for WASI-NN context");
-        wasm_runtime_free(wasi_nn_ctx);
-        return NULL;
-    }
    return wasi_nn_ctx;
 }

@ -133,59 +158,29 @@ static WASINNContext *
 wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(wasm_module_inst_t instance)
 {
    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx =
-        wasm_runtime_get_context(instance, wasi_nn_key);
+        (WASINNContext *)bh_hash_map_find(hashmap, (void *)instance);
    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        WASINNContext *newctx = wasi_nn_initialize_context();
-        if (newctx == NULL)
+        wasi_nn_ctx = wasi_nn_initialize_context();
+        if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+
+        bool ok =
+            bh_hash_map_insert(hashmap, (void *)instance, (void *)wasi_nn_ctx);
+        if (!ok) {
+            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Error while storing context");
+            wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(wasi_nn_ctx);
            return NULL;
-        os_mutex_lock(&wasi_nn_lock);
-        wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_context(instance, wasi_nn_key);
-        if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-            wasm_runtime_set_context_spread(instance, wasi_nn_key, newctx);
-            wasi_nn_ctx = newctx;
-            newctx = NULL;
-        }
-        os_mutex_unlock(&wasi_nn_lock);
-        if (newctx != NULL) {
-            wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(newctx);
        }
    }
-    return wasi_nn_ctx;
-}

-static WASINNContext *
-lock_ctx(wasm_module_inst_t instance)
-{
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    os_mutex_lock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx->busy) {
-        os_mutex_unlock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    wasi_nn_ctx->busy = true;
-    os_mutex_unlock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
    return wasi_nn_ctx;
 }

-static void
-unlock_ctx(WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx)
-{
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        return;
-    }
-    os_mutex_lock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
-    bh_assert(wasi_nn_ctx->busy);
-    wasi_nn_ctx->busy = false;
-    os_mutex_unlock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
-}
-
 void
 wasi_nn_destroy()
 {
-    wasm_runtime_destroy_context_key(wasi_nn_key);
+    // destroy hashmap will destroy keys and values
+    bh_hash_map_destroy(hashmap);

    // close backends' libraries and registered functions
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(lookup) / sizeof(lookup[0]); i++) {
@ -406,7 +401,7 @@ detect_and_load_backend(graph_encoding backend_hint,

 static wasi_nn_error
 ensure_backend(wasm_module_inst_t instance, graph_encoding encoding,
-               WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx)
+               WASINNContext **wasi_nn_ctx_ptr)
 {
    wasi_nn_error res;

@ -417,6 +412,7 @@ ensure_backend(wasm_module_inst_t instance, graph_encoding encoding,
        goto fail;
    }

+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
    if (wasi_nn_ctx->is_backend_ctx_initialized) {
        if (wasi_nn_ctx->backend != loaded_backend) {
            res = unsupported_operation;
@ -434,6 +430,7 @@ ensure_backend(wasm_module_inst_t instance, graph_encoding encoding,

        wasi_nn_ctx->is_backend_ctx_initialized = true;
    }
+    *wasi_nn_ctx_ptr = wasi_nn_ctx;
    return success;
 fail:
    return res;
@ -461,23 +458,17 @@ wasi_nn_load(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_builder_array_wasm *builder,
    if (!instance)
        return runtime_error;

-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        res = busy;
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
    graph_builder_array builder_native = { 0 };
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
    if (success
        != (res = graph_builder_array_app_native(
                instance, builder, builder_wasm_size, &builder_native)))
-        goto fail;
+        return res;
 #else  /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN == 0 */
    if (success
        != (res = graph_builder_array_app_native(instance, builder,
                                                 &builder_native)))
-        goto fail;
+        return res;
 #endif /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 */

    if (!wasm_runtime_validate_native_addr(instance, g,
@ -487,7 +478,8 @@ wasi_nn_load(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_builder_array_wasm *builder,
        goto fail;
    }

-    res = ensure_backend(instance, encoding, wasi_nn_ctx);
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx;
+    res = ensure_backend(instance, encoding, &wasi_nn_ctx);
    if (res != success)
        goto fail;

@ -502,7 +494,6 @@ fail:
    // XXX: Free intermediate structure pointers
    if (builder_native.buf)
        wasm_runtime_free(builder_native.buf);
-    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);

    return res;
 }
@ -536,26 +527,18 @@ wasi_nn_load_by_name(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, char *name, uint32_t name_len,

    NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] LOAD_BY_NAME %s...", name);

-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        res = busy;
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    res = ensure_backend(instance, autodetect, wasi_nn_ctx);
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx;
+    res = ensure_backend(instance, autodetect, &wasi_nn_ctx);
    if (res != success)
-        goto fail;
+        return res;

    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, load_by_name, res,
                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, name, name_len, g);
    if (res != success)
-        goto fail;
+        return res;

    wasi_nn_ctx->is_model_loaded = true;
-    res = success;
-fail:
-    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
-    return res;
+    return success;
 }

 wasi_nn_error
@ -593,28 +576,19 @@ wasi_nn_load_by_name_with_config(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, char *name,

    NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] LOAD_BY_NAME_WITH_CONFIG %s %s...", name, config);

-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        res = busy;
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    res = ensure_backend(instance, autodetect, wasi_nn_ctx);
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx;
+    res = ensure_backend(instance, autodetect, &wasi_nn_ctx);
    if (res != success)
-        goto fail;
-    ;
+        return res;

    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, load_by_name_with_config, res,
                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, name, name_len, config,
                      config_len, g);
    if (res != success)
-        goto fail;
+        return res;

    wasi_nn_ctx->is_model_loaded = true;
-    res = success;
-fail:
-    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
-    return res;
+    return success;
 }

 wasi_nn_error
@ -628,27 +602,20 @@ wasi_nn_init_execution_context(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph g,
        return runtime_error;
    }

-    wasi_nn_error res;
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        res = busy;
-        goto fail;
-    }
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);

+    wasi_nn_error res;
    if (success != (res = is_model_initialized(wasi_nn_ctx)))
-        goto fail;
+        return res;

    if (!wasm_runtime_validate_native_addr(
            instance, ctx, (uint64)sizeof(graph_execution_context))) {
        NN_ERR_PRINTF("ctx is invalid");
-        res = invalid_argument;
-        goto fail;
+        return invalid_argument;
    }

    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, init_execution_context, res,
                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, g, ctx);
-fail:
-    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
    return res;
 }

@ -663,21 +630,17 @@ wasi_nn_set_input(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
        return runtime_error;
    }

-    wasi_nn_error res;
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        res = busy;
-        goto fail;
-    }
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);

+    wasi_nn_error res;
    if (success != (res = is_model_initialized(wasi_nn_ctx)))
-        goto fail;
+        return res;

    tensor input_tensor_native = { 0 };
    if (success
        != (res = tensor_app_native(instance, input_tensor,
                                    &input_tensor_native)))
-        goto fail;
+        return res;

    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, set_input, res,
                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx, index,
@ -685,8 +648,7 @@ wasi_nn_set_input(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
    // XXX: Free intermediate structure pointers
    if (input_tensor_native.dimensions)
        wasm_runtime_free(input_tensor_native.dimensions);
-fail:
-    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
+
    return res;
 }

@ -700,32 +662,26 @@ wasi_nn_compute(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx)
        return runtime_error;
    }

-    wasi_nn_error res;
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        res = busy;
-        goto fail;
-    }
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);

+    wasi_nn_error res;
    if (success != (res = is_model_initialized(wasi_nn_ctx)))
-        goto fail;
+        return res;

    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, compute, res,
                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx);
-fail:
-    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
    return res;
 }

 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
 wasi_nn_error
 wasi_nn_get_output(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
-                   uint32_t index, void *output_tensor,
+                   uint32_t index, tensor_data output_tensor,
                   uint32_t output_tensor_len, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 #else  /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN == 0 */
 wasi_nn_error
 wasi_nn_get_output(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
-                   uint32_t index, void *output_tensor,
+                   uint32_t index, tensor_data output_tensor,
                   uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 #endif /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 */
 {
@ -736,36 +692,28 @@ wasi_nn_get_output(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
        return runtime_error;
    }

-    wasi_nn_error res;
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
-    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        res = busy;
-        goto fail;
-    }
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);

+    wasi_nn_error res;
    if (success != (res = is_model_initialized(wasi_nn_ctx)))
-        goto fail;
+        return res;

    if (!wasm_runtime_validate_native_addr(instance, output_tensor_size,
                                           (uint64)sizeof(uint32_t))) {
        NN_ERR_PRINTF("output_tensor_size is invalid");
-        res = invalid_argument;
-        goto fail;
+        return invalid_argument;
    }

-    tensor_data tensor = {
-        .buf = output_tensor,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
-        .size = output_tensor_len,
-#else
-        .size = *output_tensor_size,
-#endif
-    };
    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, get_output, res,
-                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx, index, &tensor,
+                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx, index, output_tensor,
+                      &output_tensor_len);
+    *output_tensor_size = output_tensor_len;
+#else  /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN == 0 */
+    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, get_output, res,
+                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx, index, output_tensor,
                      output_tensor_size);
-fail:
-    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
+#endif /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 */
    return res;
 }

--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_llamacpp.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_llamacpp.c
@ -2,10 +2,7 @@
 * Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 */
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#include "wasi_nn_backend.h"
+#include "wasi_nn_types.h"
 #include "utils/logger.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "ggml.h"
@ -289,7 +286,7 @@ deinit_backend(void *ctx)

    llama_backend_free();

-    free(backend_ctx);
+    os_free(backend_ctx);
    return success;
 }

@ -384,18 +381,18 @@ set_input(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
          tensor *wasi_nn_tensor)
 {
    struct LlamaContext *backend_ctx = (struct LlamaContext *)ctx;
-    // tensor->data is the prompt string.
-    char *prompt_text = (char *)wasi_nn_tensor->data.buf;
-    uint32_t prompt_text_len = wasi_nn_tensor->data.size;
+    // tensor->data is the prompt string. ends with \0
+    char *prompt_text = (char *)wasi_nn_tensor->data;

 #ifndef NDEBUG
    NN_DBG_PRINTF("--------------------------------------------------");
-    NN_DBG_PRINTF("prompt_text: %.*s", (int)prompt_text_len, prompt_text);
+    NN_DBG_PRINTF("prompt_text: %s", prompt_text);
    NN_DBG_PRINTF("--------------------------------------------------");
 #endif

    // tokenize the prompt
    uint32_t n_token_max = llama_n_ctx(backend_ctx->ctx);
+    uint32_t prompt_text_len = strlen(prompt_text);

    if (backend_ctx->prompt == NULL) {
        backend_ctx->prompt = calloc(n_token_max, sizeof(llama_token));
@ -480,6 +477,7 @@ compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx)

    // main loop
    int32_t n_cur = batch.n_tokens;
+    int n_decode = 0;
    int32_t n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(backend_ctx->model);
    llama_token_data *candidates = NULL;

@ -530,6 +528,7 @@ compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx)
        // push this new token for next evaluation
        llama_batch_add(&batch, new_token_id, n_cur, seq_ids,
                        sizeof(seq_ids) / sizeof(seq_ids[0]), true);
+        n_decode++;
        n_cur++;

        if (llama_decode(backend_ctx->ctx, batch) != 0) {
@ -550,7 +549,7 @@ fail:

 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data *output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
+           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 {
    struct LlamaContext *backend_ctx = (struct LlamaContext *)ctx;

@ -569,7 +568,7 @@ get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
            printf("%s\n", output_metadata);
        }

-        memcpy(output_tensor->buf, output_metadata, strlen(output_metadata));
+        memcpy(output_tensor, output_metadata, strlen(output_metadata));
        *output_tensor_size = strlen(output_metadata);
        return success;
    }
@ -589,7 +588,7 @@ get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
            printf("%s", buf);
        }

-        memcpy(output_tensor->buf + end_pos, buf, strlen(buf));
+        memcpy(output_tensor + end_pos, buf, strlen(buf));
        end_pos += strlen(buf);
    }

--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_openvino.c
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_openvino.c
@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 */

-#include "wasi_nn_backend.h"
+#include "wasi_nn_types.h"
+#include "wasi_nn_openvino.h"
 #include "utils/logger.h"
 #include "bh_platform.h"

@ -25,25 +26,15 @@
 * from 4. to 6. is the Inference Loop
 */

-/* these limits are arbitrary. */
-#define MAX_GRAPHS 4
-#define MAX_EXECUTION_CONTEXTS 4
-
 typedef struct {
    ov_core_t *core;
    /* keep input model files */
-    struct OpenVINOGraph {
-        void *weight_data;
-        ov_tensor_t *weights_tensor;
-        ov_model_t *model;
-        ov_compiled_model_t *compiled_model;
-    } graphs[MAX_GRAPHS];
-    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext {
-        struct OpenVINOGraph *graph;
-        ov_infer_request_t *infer_request;
-    } execution_contexts[MAX_EXECUTION_CONTEXTS];
-    unsigned int n_graphs;
-    unsigned int n_execution_contexts;
+    void *weight_data;
+    ov_tensor_t *weights_tensor;
+    ov_model_t *model;
+    ov_compiled_model_t *compiled_model;
+    ov_infer_request_t *infer_request;
+    ov_tensor_t *input_tensor;
 } OpenVINOContext;

 /*
@ -188,29 +179,6 @@ wasi_nn_tensor_type_to_openvino_element_type(tensor_type wasi_nn_type)
    return UNDEFINED;
 }

-static void
-free_graph(struct OpenVINOGraph *graph)
-{
-    if (graph->weight_data)
-        os_free(graph->weight_data);
-
-    if (graph->weights_tensor)
-        ov_tensor_free(graph->weights_tensor);
-
-    if (graph->model)
-        ov_model_free(graph->model);
-
-    if (graph->compiled_model)
-        ov_compiled_model_free(graph->compiled_model);
-}
-
-static void
-free_execution_context(struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *c)
-{
-    if (c->infer_request)
-        ov_infer_request_free(c->infer_request);
-}
-
 static wasi_nn_error
 uint32_array_to_int64_array(uint32_t array_size, uint32_t *src, int64_t **dst)
 {
@ -230,8 +198,6 @@ load(void *ctx, graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
     execution_target target, graph *g)
 {
    OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
-    struct OpenVINOGraph *graph;
-    unsigned int graph_idx;
    wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;

    if (encoding != openvino) {
@ -257,47 +223,33 @@ load(void *ctx, graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
    graph_builder xml = builder->buf[0];
    graph_builder weight = builder->buf[1];

-    graph_idx = ov_ctx->n_graphs;
-    if (graph_idx >= MAX_GRAPHS) {
-        return runtime_error;
-    }
-    graph = &ov_ctx->graphs[graph_idx];
-    memset(graph, 0, sizeof(*graph));
-
    /* transfer weight to an ov tensor */
    {
-        graph->weight_data = os_malloc(weight.size);
-        if (!graph->weight_data)
+        ov_ctx->weight_data = os_malloc(weight.size);
+        if (!ov_ctx->weight_data)
            goto fail;
-        memcpy(graph->weight_data, weight.buf, weight.size);
+        memcpy(ov_ctx->weight_data, weight.buf, weight.size);

        ov_element_type_e type = U8;
        int64_t dims[1] = { weight.size };
        ov_shape_t shape = { 1, dims };
        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_tensor_create_from_host_ptr(type, shape,
-                                                       graph->weight_data,
-                                                       &graph->weights_tensor),
+                                                       ov_ctx->weight_data,
+                                                       &ov_ctx->weights_tensor),
                        ret);
    }

    /* load model from buffer */
    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_core_read_model_from_memory_buffer(
                        ov_ctx->core, (char *)xml.buf, xml.size,
-                        graph->weights_tensor, &graph->model),
+                        ov_ctx->weights_tensor, &ov_ctx->model),
                    ret);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    print_model_input_output_info(graph->model);
+    print_model_input_output_info(ov_ctx->model);
 #endif

-    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_core_compile_model(ov_ctx->core, graph->model, "CPU", 0,
-                                          &graph->compiled_model),
-                    ret);
-
-    *g = graph_idx;
-    ov_ctx->n_graphs++;
-    return success;
+    ret = success;
 fail:
-    free_graph(graph);
    return ret;
 }

@ -305,62 +257,20 @@ __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 load_by_name(void *ctx, const char *filename, uint32_t filename_len, graph *g)
 {
    OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
-    struct OpenVINOGraph *graph;
-    unsigned int graph_idx;
    wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;

-    graph_idx = ov_ctx->n_graphs;
-    if (graph_idx >= MAX_GRAPHS) {
-        return runtime_error;
-    }
-    graph = &ov_ctx->graphs[graph_idx];
-
-    memset(graph, 0, sizeof(*graph));
    CHECK_OV_STATUS(
-        ov_core_read_model(ov_ctx->core, filename, NULL, &graph->model), ret);
+        ov_core_read_model(ov_ctx->core, filename, NULL, &ov_ctx->model), ret);

-    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_core_compile_model(ov_ctx->core, graph->model, "CPU", 0,
-                                          &graph->compiled_model),
-                    ret);
-
-    *g = graph_idx;
-    ov_ctx->n_graphs++;
-    return success;
+    ret = success;
 fail:
-    free_graph(graph);
    return ret;
 }

 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 init_execution_context(void *ctx, graph g, graph_execution_context *exec_ctx)
 {
-    OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
-    struct OpenVINOGraph *graph;
-    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *exec;
-    unsigned int exec_idx;
-    wasi_nn_error ret;
-
-    if (g >= ov_ctx->n_graphs)
-        return runtime_error;
-    graph = &ov_ctx->graphs[g];
-
-    exec_idx = ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts;
-    if (exec_idx >= MAX_EXECUTION_CONTEXTS)
-        return runtime_error;
-    exec = &ov_ctx->execution_contexts[exec_idx];
-
-    memset(exec, 0, sizeof(*exec));
-    exec->graph = graph;
-
-    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_compiled_model_create_infer_request(
-                        graph->compiled_model, &exec->infer_request),
-                    ret);
-
-    *exec_ctx = exec_idx;
-    ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts++;
    return success;
-fail:
-    return ret;
 }

 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
@ -368,16 +278,10 @@ set_input(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
          tensor *wasi_nn_tensor)
 {
    OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
-    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *exec;
    wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;
    ov_shape_t input_shape = { 0 };
-    ov_tensor_t *input_tensor = NULL;
    int64_t *ov_dims = NULL;

-    if (exec_ctx >= ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts)
-        return runtime_error;
-    exec = &ov_ctx->execution_contexts[exec_ctx];
-
    /* wasi_nn_tensor -> ov_tensor */
    {
        ret = uint32_array_to_int64_array(wasi_nn_tensor->dimensions->size,
@ -401,21 +305,28 @@ set_input(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
                      shape_info);

        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_tensor_create_from_host_ptr(input_type, input_shape,
-                                                       wasi_nn_tensor->data.buf,
-                                                       &input_tensor),
+                                                       wasi_nn_tensor->data,
+                                                       &ov_ctx->input_tensor),
                        ret);
    }

+    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_core_compile_model(ov_ctx->core, ov_ctx->model, "CPU", 0,
+                                          &ov_ctx->compiled_model),
+                    ret);
+
+    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_compiled_model_create_infer_request(
+                        ov_ctx->compiled_model, &ov_ctx->infer_request),
+                    ret);
+
    /* install ov_tensor -> infer_request */
    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_infer_request_set_input_tensor_by_index(
-                        exec->infer_request, index, input_tensor),
+                        ov_ctx->infer_request, index, ov_ctx->input_tensor),
                    ret);
    ret = success;
+
 fail:
    if (ov_dims)
        os_free(ov_dims);
-    if (input_tensor)
-        ov_tensor_free(input_tensor);
    ov_shape_free(&input_shape);

    return ret;
@ -425,14 +336,9 @@ __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx)
 {
    OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
-    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *exec;
    wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;

-    if (exec_ctx >= ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts)
-        return runtime_error;
-    exec = &ov_ctx->execution_contexts[exec_ctx];
-
-    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_infer_request_infer(exec->infer_request), ret);
+    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_infer_request_infer(ov_ctx->infer_request), ret);
    ret = success;
 fail:
    return ret;
@ -440,33 +346,28 @@ fail:

 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data *output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
+           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 {
    OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
-    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *exec;
    wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;
    ov_tensor_t *ov_tensor = NULL;
    void *data = NULL;
    size_t byte_size = 0;

-    if (exec_ctx >= ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts)
-        return runtime_error;
-    exec = &ov_ctx->execution_contexts[exec_ctx];
-
    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_infer_request_get_output_tensor_by_index(
-                        exec->infer_request, index, &ov_tensor),
+                        ov_ctx->infer_request, index, &ov_tensor),
                    ret);

    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_tensor_get_byte_size(ov_tensor, &byte_size), ret);

-    if (byte_size > output_tensor->size) {
+    if (byte_size > *output_tensor_size) {
        ret = too_large;
        goto fail;
    }

    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_tensor_data(ov_tensor, &data), ret);

-    memcpy(output_tensor->buf, data, byte_size);
+    memcpy(output_tensor, data, byte_size);

    *output_tensor_size = (uint32_t)byte_size;

@ -520,16 +421,27 @@ __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 deinit_backend(void *ctx)
 {
    OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
-    unsigned int i;

    if (!ov_ctx)
        return invalid_argument;

-    for (i = 0; i < ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts; i++)
-        free_execution_context(&ov_ctx->execution_contexts[i]);
+    if (ov_ctx->weight_data)
+        os_free(ov_ctx->weight_data);

-    for (i = 0; i < ov_ctx->n_graphs; i++)
-        free_graph(&ov_ctx->graphs[i]);
+    if (ov_ctx->weights_tensor)
+        ov_tensor_free(ov_ctx->weights_tensor);
+
+    if (ov_ctx->input_tensor)
+        ov_tensor_free(ov_ctx->input_tensor);
+
+    if (ov_ctx->infer_request)
+        ov_infer_request_free(ov_ctx->infer_request);
+
+    if (ov_ctx->compiled_model)
+        ov_compiled_model_free(ov_ctx->compiled_model);
+
+    if (ov_ctx->model)
+        ov_model_free(ov_ctx->model);

    if (ov_ctx->core)
        ov_core_free(ov_ctx->core);
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_openvino.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_openvino.h
@ -3,26 +3,15 @@
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 */

-#ifndef WASI_NN_BACKEND_H
-#define WASI_NN_BACKEND_H
+#ifndef WASI_NN_OPENVINO_HPP
+#define WASI_NN_OPENVINO_HPP

 #include "wasi_nn_types.h"

-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 load(void *ctx, graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
     execution_target target, graph *g);

-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-load_by_name(void *tflite_ctx, const char *name, uint32_t namelen, graph *g);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-load_by_name_with_config(void *ctx, const char *name, uint32_t namelen,
-                         const char *config, uint32_t config_len, graph *g);
-
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 init_execution_context(void *ctx, graph g, graph_execution_context *exec_ctx);

@ -35,7 +24,7 @@ compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx);

 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data *output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size);
+           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size);

 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 init_backend(void **ctx);
@ -43,8 +32,4 @@ init_backend(void **ctx);
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 deinit_backend(void *ctx);

-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* WASI_NN_BACKEND_H */
+#endif /* WASI_NN_OPENVINO_HPP */
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_private.h
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_private.h
@ -9,11 +9,7 @@
 #include "wasi_nn_types.h"
 #include "wasm_export.h"

-#include "bh_platform.h"
-
 typedef struct {
-    korp_mutex lock;
-    bool busy;
    bool is_backend_ctx_initialized;
    bool is_model_loaded;
    graph_encoding backend;
@ -32,7 +28,7 @@ typedef wasi_nn_error (*SET_INPUT)(void *, graph_execution_context, uint32_t,
                                   tensor *);
 typedef wasi_nn_error (*COMPUTE)(void *, graph_execution_context);
 typedef wasi_nn_error (*GET_OUTPUT)(void *, graph_execution_context, uint32_t,
-                                    tensor_data *, uint32_t *);
+                                    tensor_data, uint32_t *);
 /* wasi-nn general APIs */
 typedef wasi_nn_error (*BACKEND_INITIALIZE)(void **);
 typedef wasi_nn_error (*BACKEND_DEINITIALIZE)(void *);
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_tensorflowlite.cpp
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_tensorflowlite.cpp
@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 */

+#include "wasi_nn_tensorflowlite.hpp"
 #include "utils/logger.h"

 #include "bh_platform.h"
-#include "wasi_nn_backend.h"
+#include "wasi_nn_types.h"
 #include "wasm_export.h"

 #include <tensorflow/lite/interpreter.h>
@ -280,11 +281,6 @@ set_input(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
 {
    TFLiteContext *tfl_ctx = (TFLiteContext *)tflite_ctx;

-    if (input_tensor->type != fp32) {
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF("unsupported input tensor type %u", input_tensor->type);
-        return runtime_error;
-    }
-
    wasi_nn_error res;
    if (success != (res = is_valid_graph_execution_context(tfl_ctx, ctx)))
        return res;
@ -323,7 +319,7 @@ set_input(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
                index);

        int size = model_tensor_size * sizeof(float);
-        bh_memcpy_s(it, size, input_tensor->data.buf, size);
+        bh_memcpy_s(it, size, input_tensor->data, size);
    }
    else { // TODO: Assuming uint8 quantized networks.
        TfLiteAffineQuantization *quant_info =
@ -341,7 +337,7 @@ set_input(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
        NN_DBG_PRINTF("input tensor: (scale, offset) = (%f, %f)", scale,
                      zero_point);

-        float *input_tensor_f = (float *)input_tensor->data.buf;
+        float *input_tensor_f = (float *)input_tensor->data;
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < model_tensor_size; ++i) {
            it[i] = (uint8_t)(input_tensor_f[i] / scale + zero_point);
        }
@ -365,7 +361,7 @@ compute(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx)

 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data *output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
+           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 {
    TFLiteContext *tfl_ctx = (TFLiteContext *)tflite_ctx;

@ -388,34 +384,23 @@ get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
        return too_large;
    }

+    uint32_t model_tensor_size = 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)tensor->dims->size; ++i)
+        model_tensor_size *= (uint32_t)tensor->dims->data[i];
+
+    if (*output_tensor_size < model_tensor_size) {
+        NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
+        return too_large;
+    }
+
    if (tensor->quantization.type == kTfLiteNoQuantization) {
        NN_DBG_PRINTF("No quantization information");
-#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
-        if (output_tensor->size < tensor->bytes) {
-            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
-            return too_large;
-        }
-#else
-        /*
-         * for now, maintain the bug-to-bug compatibility with the old abi,
-         * where the size here is the number of fp32, not bytes.
-         */
-        if (output_tensor->size < tensor->bytes / sizeof(float)) {
-            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
-            return too_large;
-        }
-#endif
-        bh_memcpy_s(output_tensor->buf, output_tensor->size, tensor->data.data,
-                    tensor->bytes);
-#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
-        *output_tensor_size = tensor->bytes;
-#else
-        /*
-         * for now, maintain the bug-to-bug compatibility with the old abi,
-         * where the size here is the number of fp32, not bytes.
-         */
-        *output_tensor_size = tensor->bytes / sizeof(float);
-#endif
+        float *ot =
+            tfl_ctx->interpreters[ctx].interpreter->typed_output_tensor<float>(
+                index);
+
+        int size = model_tensor_size * sizeof(float);
+        bh_memcpy_s(output_tensor, size, ot, size);
    }
    else { // TODO: Assuming uint8 quantized networks.
        TfLiteAffineQuantization *quant_info =
@ -424,27 +409,6 @@ get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Quantization per channel is not supported");
            return runtime_error;
        }
-
-        uint32_t model_tensor_size = 1;
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int)tensor->dims->size; ++i)
-            model_tensor_size *= (uint32_t)tensor->dims->data[i];
-
-#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
-        if (output_tensor->size / sizeof(float) < model_tensor_size) {
-            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
-            return too_large;
-        }
-#else
-        /*
-         * for now, maintain the bug-to-bug compatibility with the old abi,
-         * where the size here is the number of fp32, not bytes.
-         */
-        if (output_tensor->size < model_tensor_size) {
-            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
-            return too_large;
-        }
-#endif
-
        uint8_t *ot = tfl_ctx->interpreters[ctx]
                          .interpreter->typed_output_tensor<uint8_t>(index);

@ -453,22 +417,13 @@ get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
        NN_DBG_PRINTF("output tensor: (scale, offset) = (%f, %f)", scale,
                      zero_point);

-        float *output_tensor_f = (float *)output_tensor->buf;
+        float *output_tensor_f = (float *)output_tensor;
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < model_tensor_size; ++i) {
            output_tensor_f[i] = (ot[i] - zero_point) * scale;
        }
-
-#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
-        *output_tensor_size = model_tensor_size * sizeof(float);
-#else
-        /*
-         * for now, maintain the bug-to-bug compatibility with the old abi,
-         * where the size here is the number of fp32, not bytes.
-         */
-        *output_tensor_size = model_tensor_size;
-#endif
    }

+    *output_tensor_size = model_tensor_size;
    return success;
 }

--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_tensorflowlite.hpp
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_tensorflowlite.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+ */
+
+#ifndef WASI_NN_TENSORFLOWLITE_HPP
+#define WASI_NN_TENSORFLOWLITE_HPP
+
+#include "wasi_nn_types.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+load(void *tflite_ctx, graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
+     execution_target target, graph *g);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+load_by_name(void *tflite_ctx, const char *filename, uint32_t filename_len,
+             graph *g);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+init_execution_context(void *tflite_ctx, graph g, graph_execution_context *ctx);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+set_input(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
+          tensor *input_tensor);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+compute(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
+           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+init_backend(void **tflite_ctx);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+deinit_backend(void *tflite_ctx);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/test/build.sh
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/test/build.sh
@ -3,17 +3,6 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

-# on intel mac, this ends up with a lot of the following error.
-#
-#  AttributeError: 'Sequential' object has no attribute '_get_save_spec'.
-#
-# * "pip install tensorflow" installs tensorflow 2.16.2 on intel mac.
-#   (because it's the last version before tf deprecated the target.)
-# * keras 3 support in the version seems incomplete (thus the error)
-# * a workaround: use keras 2 as mentioned in:
-#   https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/releases/tag/v2.16.1
-#   https://blog.tensorflow.org/2024/03/whats-new-in-tensorflow-216.html
-
 CURR_PATH=$(cd $(dirname $0) && pwd -P)

 # WASM application that uses WASI-NN
--- a/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/test/models/mult_outputs.py
+++ b/core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/test/models/mult_outputs.py
@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 import tensorflow as tf
 import numpy as np
-from tensorflow.keras.layers import AveragePooling2D, Conv2D
+from keras.layers import AveragePooling2D, Conv2D

 from tensorflow.keras import Input, Model

--- a/core/shared/utils/bh_vector.c
+++ b/core/shared/utils/bh_vector.c
@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ extend_vector(Vector *vector, size_t length)
    if (length <= vector->max_elems)
        return true;

-    if (length < vector->max_elems * 3 / 2)
-        length = vector->max_elems * 3 / 2;
+    if (length < vector->size_elem * 3 / 2)
+        length = vector->size_elem * 3 / 2;

    if (!(data = alloc_vector_data(length, vector->size_elem))) {
        return false;
@ -194,12 +194,12 @@ bh_vector_append(Vector *vector, const void *elem_buf)
        goto just_return;
    }

-    /* make sure one more slot is used by the thread who allocates it */
+    /* make sure one more slot is used by the thread who allocas it */
    if (vector->lock)
        os_mutex_lock(vector->lock);

    if (!extend_vector(vector, vector->num_elems + 1)) {
-        LOG_ERROR("Append vector elem failed: extend vector failed.\n");
+        LOG_ERROR("Append ector elem failed: extend vector failed.\n");
        goto unlock_return;
    }

--- a/doc/build_wamr.md
+++ b/doc/build_wamr.md
@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ cmake -DWAMR_BUILD_PLATFORM=linux -DWAMR_BUILD_TARGET=ARM

 ### **Enable lib wasi-nn**
 - **WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN**=1/0, default to disable if not set
-> Note: WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN without WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN is deprecated and will likely be removed in future versions of WAMR. Please consider to enable WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN as well.
 > Note: See [WASI-NN](../core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn) for more details.

 ### **Enable lib wasi-nn GPU mode**
@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ cmake -DWAMR_BUILD_PLATFORM=linux -DWAMR_BUILD_TARGET=ARM
 - **WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN_EXTERNAL_DELEGATE_PATH**=Path to the external delegate shared library (e.g. `libedgetpu.so.1.0` for Coral USB)

 ### **Enable lib wasi-nn with `wasi_ephemeral_nn` module support**
- **WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN**=1/0, default to enable if not set
+- **WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN**=1/0, default to disable if not set

 ### **Disable boundary check with hardware trap**
 - **WAMR_DISABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK**=1/0, default to enable if not set and supported by platform
@ -361,4 +360,4 @@ For Valgrind, begin with the following configurations and add additional ones as
  -DWAMR_DISABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK=0 \
  -DWAMR_DISABLE_WRITE_GS_BASE=0
  #...
-```
+```
--- a/product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple/Dockerfile
+++ b/product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple/Dockerfile
@ -4,22 +4,9 @@
 # Refer to https://docs.zephyrproject.org/3.7.0/develop/getting_started/index.html
 # for more information on how to set up the Zephyr development environment.

-# https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/develop/application/index.html#zephyr-workspace-application
-# zephyrproject/       --> CI ROOT
-# ├─── .west/
-# │    └─── config
-# ├─── bootloader/
-# ├─── zephyr/         --> Zephyr source code
-# ├─── zephyr-sdk/
-# ├─── modules/
-# │    |─── wasm-micro-runtime   --> WAMR source code
-# ├─── tools/
-# ├─── vendor/
-# └─── application/    --> DUMMY. keep west_lite.yml here
-
 # If you modify this file, you may need to sync the modifications to the
 # .github/actions/setup-zephyr/action.yml
-FROM ghcr.io/zephyrproject-rtos/ci-base:v0.26-branch
+FROM ubuntu:22.04

 ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ENV TZ=Asian/Shanghai
@ -27,30 +14,44 @@ ARG ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION=0.16.9
 # In west_lite.yml, the Zephyr version is set to v3.7.0
 #ARG ZEPHYR_VERSION=3.7.0

+# Install dependencies for Zephyr
+# hadolint ignore=DL3008
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends git cmake ninja-build gperf \
+    ccache dfu-util device-tree-compiler wget \
+    python3-dev python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-tk python3-wheel xz-utils file \
+    make gcc gcc-multilib g++-multilib libsdl2-dev libmagic1 \ 
+    && apt-get clean -y && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
 # Install the Zephyr Software Development Kit (SDK)
-WORKDIR /root/zephyrproject/zephyr-sdk
+WORKDIR /opt
 # hadolint ignore=DL4006
 RUN wget --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/sdk-ng/releases/download/v${ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION}/zephyr-sdk-${ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION}_linux-x86_64.tar.xz \
    && wget --progress=dot:giga -O - https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/sdk-ng/releases/download/v${ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION}/sha256.sum | shasum --check --ignore-missing \
-    && tar --strip-components=1 -xf zephyr-sdk-${ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION}_linux-x86_64.tar.xz && rm zephyr-sdk-${ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION}_linux-x86_64.tar.xz
+    && tar xf zephyr-sdk-${ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION}_linux-x86_64.tar.xz && rm zephyr-sdk-${ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION}_linux-x86_64.tar.xz
+
+WORKDIR /opt/zephyr-sdk-${ZEPHYR_SDK_VERSION}
 # hadolint ignore=DL4006
 # Install host tools and Register Zephyr SDK CMake package
 RUN ./setup.sh -h -c

-# Install west
-# hadolint ignore=DL3013,DL3059
-RUN pip3 install --no-cache-dir west
+# Get Zephyr 
+WORKDIR /root/zephyrproject/smoke-test

-# Setup a T2(Star topology) workspace
-WORKDIR /root/zephyrproject/application
-COPY ./west_lite.yml ./west_lite.yml
+# hadolint ignore=DL3013
+RUN pip3 install --no-cache-dir west
+COPY ./west_lite.yml ./west.yml

 # init the west workspace with a minimal manifest
-RUN west init -l --mf west_lite.yml .
+RUN west init -l

 WORKDIR /root/zephyrproject
 RUN west update --stats

+WORKDIR /root/zephyrproject/modules/zephyr
+RUN west zephyr-export && pip install --no-cache-dir -r ./scripts/requirements.txt
+
+ENV ZEPHYR_BASE="/root/zephyrproject/modules/zephyr"
+
 # Git clone wamr
 WORKDIR /root/zephyrproject/modules/
 RUN git clone https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasm-micro-runtime.git wasm-micro-runtime
--- a/product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple/west_lite.yml
+++ b/product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple/west_lite.yml
@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ manifest:
      url: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr
      revision: v3.7.0
      clone-depth: 1
-      path: zephyr
+      path: modules/zephyr
      west-commands: scripts/west-commands.yml

  self:
-    path: application
+    path: smoke-test
--- a/tests/fuzz/wasm-mutator-fuzz/server/app/main.py
+++ b/tests/fuzz/wasm-mutator-fuzz/server/app/main.py
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def to_json(inst, cls):


 class Fuzzing(db.Model):
-    __tablename__ = 'fuzzing_task'
+    __tablename__ = 'fazzing_task'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, autoincrement=True,
                   primary_key=True, nullable=False)
    repo = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False, default='')
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class TaskError(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'task_error'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, autoincrement=True,
                   primary_key=True, nullable=False)
-    fuzzing_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("fuzzing_task.id"))
+    fazzing_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("fazzing_task.id"))
    name = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False, default='')
    std_out = db.Column(db.Text, default='')
    data = db.Column(db.JSON)
@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ def to_data(data):

 def error_count(data):
    error = len(TaskError.query.filter(
-        TaskError.fuzzing_id == data.get('id'), TaskError.status.in_([1, 2])).all())
+        TaskError.fazzing_id == data.get('id'), TaskError.status.in_([1, 2])).all())
    end_error = len(TaskError.query.filter(
-        TaskError.fuzzing_id == data.get('id'), TaskError.status == 0).all())
+        TaskError.fazzing_id == data.get('id'), TaskError.status == 0).all())
    data['error'] = error
    data['end_error'] = end_error
    return data
@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ def show_fuzz_list():
    id = data.get('id')
    if id:
        all_error = TaskError.query.filter(
-            TaskError.fuzzing_id == id).with_entities(TaskError.id, TaskError.fuzzing_id,
+            TaskError.fazzing_id == id).with_entities(TaskError.id, TaskError.fazzing_id,
                                                      TaskError.create_time, TaskError.data,
                                                      TaskError.name, TaskError.status,
                                                      TaskError.update_time, TaskError.comment).order_by(TaskError.status.desc(), TaskError.update_time.desc(), TaskError.id.desc()).all()
-        data_message = [{'id': error['id'], "fuzzing_id": error['fuzzing_id'],
+        data_message = [{'id': error['id'], "fuzzing_id": error['fazzing_id'],
                         "name": error['name'], "data": error['data'],
                         'create_time': error['create_time'].strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
                         'update_time': error['update_time'].strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ def New_fuzzing():
        # curd.set_error_status_to(list(map(lambda x: x.id, error_list)), db)
        # Fuzzing.query.filter_by(id=fuzz.id).delete()
        fuzz.data = {'error': "Clone repo Error"}
-        db.session.commit()
+        db.commit()
        return jsonify({"status": 0, "result": "", "msg": "Clone repo Error"})

    wamr_path_parent = fuzz_dir.parent.parent
@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ def scheduler_run_task():

    for fuzz in fuzz_query:
        all_error = TaskError.query.filter(
-            TaskError.fuzzing_id == fuzz.id).with_entities(TaskError.name).all()
+            TaskError.fazzing_id == fuzz.id).with_entities(TaskError.name).all()
        fuzz_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
            'workspace' / f'build_{fuzz.id}'
        dir_list = filter(lambda x: x.startswith(
@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ def scheduler_run_task():
        for dir in dir_list:
            cmd = f'cd {fuzz_cmd} && ./wasm_mutator_fuzz {dir}'
            status, resp = getstatusoutput(cmd)
-            task_error = TaskError(name=dir, std_out=resp, fuzzing_id=fuzz.id,
+            task_error = TaskError(name=dir, std_out=resp, fazzing_id=fuzz.id,
                                   create_time=datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=8))
            db.session.add(task_error)
            db.session.commit()
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def get_error_txt():
        return jsonify({"status": 0, "results": [], 'msg': "Error"})
    error = TaskError.query.get(id)
    fuzz_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
-        'workspace' / f'build_{error.fuzzing_id}'
+        'workspace' / f'build_{error.fazzing_id}'
    file_cmd = fuzz_cmd / error.name

    response = send_file(file_cmd, as_attachment=True,
@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ def get_cases_zip():
    with ZipFile(memory_file, "w", ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
        for task_error in task_query:
            fuzz_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
-                'workspace' / f'build_{task_error.fuzzing_id}'
+                'workspace' / f'build_{task_error.fazzing_id}'
            file_cmd = fuzz_cmd / task_error.name
            zf.write(str(file_cmd), arcname=task_error.name)
    memory_file.seek(0)
@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ def error_restart():
    if run_status:
        return jsonify({"status": 0, "results": [], 'msg': "There are already tasks in progress"})
    task_query = TaskError.query.filter(TaskError.id.in_(id_list)).all()
-    fuzzing_id = task_query[0].fuzzing_id
+    fuzzing_id = task_query[0].fazzing_id
    fuzz_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
        'workspace' / f'build_{fuzzing_id}'
    restart_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ def error_restart():
    if not Path(restart_cmd / 'wamr').exists():
        print('------ error: clone repo not folder exists ------')
        # fuzz.data = {'error': "Clone repo Error"}
-        db.session.commit()
+        db.commit()
        return jsonify({"status": 0, "result": "", "msg": "Clone repo Error"})
    wamr_path_parent = fuzz_dir.parent.parent
    wamr_path = wamr_path_parent / 'wamr'
--- a/tests/requirement-engineering/gc-aot/build_spec_interpreter.sh
+++ b/tests/requirement-engineering/gc-aot/build_spec_interpreter.sh
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ git apply ../../../wamr-test-suites/spec-test-script/gc_ignore_cases.patch
 # Set OCaml compiler environment
 eval $(opam config env)

-echo "compile the reference interpreter"
+echo "compile the reference intepreter"
 pushd interpreter
 make
-popd
+popd
--- a/tests/standalone/test-running-modes/test_c_embed_api_thoroughly.py
+++ b/tests/standalone/test-running-modes/test_c_embed_api_thoroughly.py
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import os
 from collections import OrderedDict


-def CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(running_modes_supported: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+def CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(running_modes_supported: list[str]) -> list[str]:
    res = []
    list_2d = [["--default-running-mode={} --module-running-mode={}".format(i, j)
                for i in running_modes_supported] for j in running_modes_supported]
@ -35,16 +35,16 @@ def main():
    ]

    # Python 3.7+: Dictionary iteration order is guaranteed to be in order of insertion.
-    # just to be safe, using OrderedDict
+    # just to be safe, using orderreddict
    # key: value -> compile mode, {"compile_flag": CMake compile flag, "iwasm_cli_args": array of CLI args tested}
    test_options = OrderedDict({
-        "INTERP": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[0], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:1])},
-        "FAST_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[1], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:2])},
+        "INTERP": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[0], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:1])},
+        "FAST_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[1], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:2])},
        "LLVM_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[2],
-                     "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR([RUNNING_MODES[0], RUNNING_MODES[2]])},
-        "MULTI_TIER_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[3], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(RUNNING_MODES)},
+                     "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR([RUNNING_MODES[0], RUNNING_MODES[2]])},
+        "MULTI_TIER_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[3], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(RUNNING_MODES)},
        "EAGER_JIT_WITH_BOTH_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[4],
-                                    "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:3])}
+                                    "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:3])}
    })

    build_cmd = "./build_c_embed.sh \"{build_flag}\""
--- a/tests/standalone/test-running-modes/test_iwasm_thoroughly.py
+++ b/tests/standalone/test-running-modes/test_iwasm_thoroughly.py
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def main():
    ]

    # Python 3.7+: Dictionary iteration order is guaranteed to be in order of insertion.
-    # just to be safe, using OrderedDict
+    # just to be safe, using orderreddict
    # key: value -> compile mode, {"compile_flag": CMake compile flag, "iwasm_cli_args": array of CLI args tested}
    test_options = OrderedDict({
        "INTERP": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[0], "iwasm_cli_args": IWASM_CLI_ARGS[:1]},
--- a/tests/unit/memory64/memory64_atomic_test.cc
+++ b/tests/unit/memory64/memory64_atomic_test.cc
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class memory64_atomic_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        return true;

    fail:
-        if (module)
+        if (!module)
            wasm_runtime_unload(module);

        return false;
@ -56,8 +56,6 @@ class memory64_atomic_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        if (exec_env)
            wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
        if (module_inst)
-            wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
-        if (module)
            wasm_runtime_unload(module);
        return false;
    }
--- a/tests/unit/memory64/memory64_test.cc
+++ b/tests/unit/memory64/memory64_test.cc
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class memory64_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        return true;

    fail:
-        if (module)
+        if (!module)
            wasm_runtime_unload(module);

        return false;
@ -56,13 +56,11 @@ class memory64_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        if (exec_env)
            wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
        if (module_inst)
-            wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
-        if (module)
            wasm_runtime_unload(module);
        return false;
    }

-    void destroy_exec_env()
+    void destory_exec_env()
    {
        wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
        wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
@ -203,7 +201,7 @@ TEST_P(memory64_test_suite, memory_8GB)
    i64 = 0xbeefdead;
    ASSERT_EQ(i64, GET_U64_FROM_ADDR(wasm_argv));

-    destroy_exec_env();
+    destory_exec_env();
 }

 TEST_P(memory64_test_suite, mem64_from_clang)
@ -230,7 +228,7 @@ TEST_P(memory64_test_suite, mem64_from_clang)
    i32 = 0x109;
    ASSERT_EQ(i32, wasm_argv[0]);

-    destroy_exec_env();
+    destory_exec_env();
 }

 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(RunningMode, memory64_test_suite,
--- a/tests/unit/running-modes/wasm_running_modes_test.cc
+++ b/tests/unit/running-modes/wasm_running_modes_test.cc
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ std::string TEST_WASM1 = "/hello.wasm";
 std::string TEST_WASM2 = "/mytest.wasm";
 char *WASM_FILE_1;
 char *WASM_FILE_2;
-std::vector<RunningMode> running_mode_supported = { Mode_Interp,
+std::vector<RunningMode> running_mode_supportted = { Mode_Interp,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_FAST_JIT != 0
                                                     Mode_Fast_JIT,
 #endif
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        return true;

    fail:
-        if (module)
+        if (!module)
            wasm_runtime_unload(module);

        return false;
@ -101,13 +101,11 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        if (exec_env)
            wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
        if (module_inst)
-            wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
-        if (module)
            wasm_runtime_unload(module);
        return false;
    }

-    void destroy_exec_env()
+    void destory_exec_env()
    {
        wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
        wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
@ -141,7 +139,7 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        ASSERT_TRUE(ret);
        ASSERT_EQ(10, wasm_argv[0]);

-        destroy_exec_env();
+        destory_exec_env();
    }

    void run_wasm_complex(char *filename1, char *filename2,
@ -170,7 +168,7 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        ASSERT_TRUE(ret);
        ASSERT_EQ(10, wasm_argv[0]);

-        destroy_exec_env();
+        destory_exec_env();

        /* run wasm file 2 in running_mode */
        ret = load_wasm_file(filename2);
@ -186,7 +184,7 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
        ret = wasm_runtime_call_wasm(exec_env, main, 2, wasm_argv);
        ASSERT_TRUE(ret);

-        destroy_exec_env();
+        destory_exec_env();
    }

  public:
@ -248,7 +246,7 @@ TEST_F(wasm_running_modes_test_suite, wasm_runtime_is_running_mode_supported)
    // normal situation
    ASSERT_EQ(true, wasm_runtime_is_running_mode_supported(
                        static_cast<RunningMode>(Mode_Default)));
-    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supported) {
+    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supportted) {
        ASSERT_EQ(true, wasm_runtime_is_running_mode_supported(running_mode));
    }

@ -266,7 +264,7 @@ TEST_F(wasm_running_modes_test_suite, wasm_runtime_set_default_running_mode)
    // normal situation: only set up
    ASSERT_EQ(true, wasm_runtime_set_default_running_mode(
                        static_cast<RunningMode>(Mode_Default)));
-    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supported) {
+    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supportted) {
        ASSERT_EQ(true, wasm_runtime_set_default_running_mode(running_mode));
    }

@ -298,13 +296,13 @@ TEST_P(wasm_running_modes_test_suite,
       wasm_runtime_set_and_get_running_mode_complex)
 {
    RunningMode default_running_mode = GetParam();
-    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supported) {
+    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supportted) {
        run_wasm_complex(WASM_FILE_1, WASM_FILE_2, default_running_mode,
                         running_mode);
    }
 }

 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(RunningMode, wasm_running_modes_test_suite,
-                        testing::ValuesIn(running_mode_supported));
+                        testing::ValuesIn(running_mode_supportted));

-}
+}
--- a/tests/wamr-test-suites/test_wamr.sh
+++ b/tests/wamr-test-suites/test_wamr.sh
@ -362,31 +362,31 @@ function sightglass_test()
 function setup_wabt()
 {
    # please sync with .github/actions/install-wasi-sdk-wabt/action.yml
-    case ${PLATFORM} in
-        cosmopolitan)
-            ;;
-        linux)
-            WABT_URL=https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.37/wabt-1.0.37-ubuntu-20.04.tar.gz
-            WABT_VERSION=1.0.37
-            ;;
-        darwin)
-            WABT_URL=https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.36/wabt-1.0.36-macos-12.tar.gz
-            WABT_VERSION=1.0.36
-            ;;
-        windows)
-            WABT_URL=https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.37/wabt-1.0.37-windows.tar.gz
-            WABT_VERSION=1.0.37
-            ;;
-        *)
-            echo "wabt platform for ${PLATFORM} in unknown"
-            exit 1
-            ;;
-    esac
-
    if [ ${WABT_BINARY_RELEASE} == "YES" ]; then
        echo "download a binary release and install"
        local WAT2WASM=${WORK_DIR}/wabt/out/gcc/Release/wat2wasm
        if [ ! -f ${WAT2WASM} ]; then
+            case ${PLATFORM} in
+                cosmopolitan)
+                    ;;
+                linux)
+                    WABT_URL=https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.37/wabt-1.0.37-ubuntu-20.04.tar.gz
+                    WABT_VERSION=1.0.37
+                    ;;
+                darwin)
+                    WABT_URL=https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.36/wabt-1.0.36-macos-12.tar.gz
+                    WABT_VERSION=1.0.36
+                    ;;
+                windows)
+                    WABT_URL=https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.37/wabt-1.0.37-windows.tar.gz
+                    WABT_VERSION=1.0.37
+                    ;;
+                *)
+                    echo "wabt platform for ${PLATFORM} in unknown"
+                    exit 1
+                    ;;
+            esac
+
            pushd /tmp
            wget -O wabt-tar.gz --progress=dot:giga ${WABT_URL}
            tar xf wabt-tar.gz
@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ function setup_wabt()

 function compile_reference_interpreter()
 {
-    echo "compile the reference interpreter"
+    echo "compile the reference intepreter"
    pushd interpreter
    make
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]
--- a/wamr-wasi-extensions/build_libs.sh
+++ b/wamr-wasi-extensions/build_libs.sh
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/sh
-
-# Copyright (C) 2025 Midokura Japan KK.  All rights reserved.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-
-set -e
-
-PREFIX=${1:-/tmp/wamr}
-WASI_SDK=${WASI_SDK:-/opt/wasi-sdk}
-
-cmake -B build-lib \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${PREFIX} \
-.
-cmake --build build-lib -t install
--- a/wamr-wasi-extensions/build_samples.sh
+++ b/wamr-wasi-extensions/build_samples.sh
@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/sh
-
-# Copyright (C) 2025 Midokura Japan KK.  All rights reserved.
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-
-set -e
-
-PREFIX=${1:-/tmp/wamr}
-WASI_SDK=${WASI_SDK:-/opt/wasi-sdk}
-
-cmake -B build-app-nn \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake \
-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${PREFIX} \
-samples/nn
-cmake --build build-app-nn
-
-cmake -B build-app-nn-cli \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake \
-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${PREFIX} \
-samples/nn-cli
-cmake --build build-app-nn-cli
-
-cmake -B build-app-socket-nslookup \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk-pthread.cmake \
-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${PREFIX} \
-samples/socket-nslookup
-cmake --build build-app-socket-nslookup
-
-cmake -B build-app-socket-tcp-udp \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk-pthread.cmake \
-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${PREFIX} \
-samples/socket-tcp-udp
-cmake --build build-app-socket-tcp-udp
--- a/wamr-wasi-extensions/samples/nn-cli/main.c
+++ b/wamr-wasi-extensions/samples/nn-cli/main.c
@ -266,8 +266,7 @@ set_input(char *options)
    wasi_ephemeral_nn_error nnret;
    wasi_ephemeral_nn_graph_execution_context c =
        map_get(&contexts, context_id);
-    tensor.data.buf = buf;
-    tensor.data.size = sz;
+    tensor.data = buf;
    nnret = wasi_ephemeral_nn_set_input(c, idx, &tensor);
    unmap_file(buf, sz);
    if (nnret != wasi_ephemeral_nn_error_success) {
--- a/wamr-wasi-extensions/samples/nn/app.c
+++ b/wamr-wasi-extensions/samples/nn/app.c
@ -147,8 +147,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
    wasi_ephemeral_nn_tensor tensor = {
        .dimensions = { .buf = (uint32_t[]){1, 3, 224, 224,}, .size = 4, },
        .type = wasi_ephemeral_nn_type_fp32,
-        .data.buf = tensordata,
-        .data.size = tensordatasz,
+        .data = tensordata,
    };
    nnret = wasi_ephemeral_nn_set_input(ctx, 0, &tensor);
    unmap_file(tensordata, tensordatasz);
--- a/wamr-wasi-extensions/socket/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/wamr-wasi-extensions/socket/CMakeLists.txt
@ -13,12 +13,6 @@ target_include_directories(wamr-wasi-socket
                           $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${wasi_socket_header_dir}>
                           $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>)

-# as this is a library, be extra conservative about wasm features
-# to improve compatibilities. as this particular library is just a
-# simple static stub, extra wasm features won't benefit us much anyway.
-# note that LLVM-19 enables reference-types by default.
-target_compile_options(wamr-wasi-socket PRIVATE -mno-reference-types)
-
 install(TARGETS wamr-wasi-socket
        EXPORT wamr-wasi-socket-config
        PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION include)
--- a/wamr-wasi-extensions/test.sh
+++ b/wamr-wasi-extensions/test.sh
@ -5,7 +5,35 @@

 set -e

-PREFIX=${1:-/tmp/wamr}
+PREFIX=/tmp/wamr
+WASI_SDK=${WASI_SDK:-/opt/wasi-sdk}

-./build_libs.sh ${PREFIX}
-./build_samples.sh ${PREFIX}
+cmake -B build-lib \
+-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake \
+-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${PREFIX} \
+.
+cmake --build build-lib -t install
+
+cmake -B build-app-nn \
+-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake \
+-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${PREFIX} \
+samples/nn
+cmake --build build-app-nn
+
+cmake -B build-app-nn-cli \
+-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk.cmake \
+-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${PREFIX} \
+samples/nn-cli
+cmake --build build-app-nn-cli
+
+cmake -B build-app-socket-nslookup \
+-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk-pthread.cmake \
+-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${PREFIX} \
+samples/socket-nslookup
+cmake --build build-app-socket-nslookup
+
+cmake -B build-app-socket-tcp-udp \
+-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${WASI_SDK}/share/cmake/wasi-sdk-pthread.cmake \
+-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${PREFIX} \
+samples/socket-tcp-udp
+cmake --build build-app-socket-tcp-udp
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
liang.he@intel.com	aaa21a543e	test zephyrproject-rtos/ci image	2025-06-18 02:37:06 +00:00
liang.he@intel.com	84c24e914e	Add a new CI on Zephyr to run product-mini/platforms/zephyr/simple and product-mini/platforms/zephyr/user-mode	2025-06-18 01:45:26 +00:00