format code

apply format to core/iwasm/compilation/aot_llvm.c

.github/actions/install-wasi-sdk-wabt/action.yml

@@ -30,14 +30,23 @@ runs:
       if: ${{ startsWith(inputs.os, 'ubuntu') }}
       shell: bash
       run: |
+        echo "Downloading wasi-sdk for Ubuntu..."
         sudo wget -O wasi-sdk.tar.gz --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-25/wasi-sdk-25.0-x86_64-linux.tar.gz
+
+        echo "Extracting wasi-sdk..."
         sudo tar -xf wasi-sdk.tar.gz
         sudo ln -sf  wasi-sdk-25.0-x86_64-linux/ wasi-sdk
+
+        echo "Downloading wabt for Ubuntu..."
         sudo wget -O wabt.tar.gz     --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.37/wabt-1.0.37-ubuntu-20.04.tar.gz
+
+        echo "Extracting wabt..."
         sudo tar -xf wabt.tar.gz
         sudo ln -sf  wabt-1.0.37 wabt
+
         /opt/wasi-sdk/bin/clang --version
         /opt/wabt/bin/wasm-interp --version
+
         echo "::notice::wasi-sdk-25 and wabt-1.0.37 installed on ubuntu"
       working-directory: /opt
 
@@ -45,14 +54,23 @@ runs:
       if: ${{ inputs.os == 'macos-13' }}
       shell: bash
       run: |
+        echo "Downloading wasi-sdk for macOS-13..."
         sudo wget -O wasi-sdk.tar.gz --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-25/wasi-sdk-25.0-x86_64-macos.tar.gz
+
+        echo "Extracting wasi-sdk..."
         sudo tar -xf wasi-sdk.tar.gz
         sudo ln -sf  wasi-sdk-25.0-x86_64-macos wasi-sdk
+
+        echo "Downloading wabt for macOS-13..."
         sudo wget -O wabt.tar.gz     --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.36/wabt-1.0.36-macos-12.tar.gz
+
+        echo "Extracting wabt..."
         sudo tar -xf wabt.tar.gz
         sudo ln -sf  wabt-1.0.36 wabt
+
         /opt/wasi-sdk/bin/clang --version
         /opt/wabt/bin/wasm-interp --version
+
         echo "::notice::wasi-sdk-25 and wabt-1.0.36 installed on macos-13"
       working-directory: /opt
 
@@ -60,21 +78,48 @@ runs:
       if: ${{ inputs.os == 'macos-14' }}
       shell: bash
       run: |
+        echo "Downloading wasi-sdk for macOS-14..."
         sudo wget -O wasi-sdk.tar.gz --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-25/wasi-sdk-25.0-arm64-macos.tar.gz
+
+        echo "Extracting wasi-sdk..."
         sudo tar -xf wasi-sdk.tar.gz
         sudo ln -sf  wasi-sdk-25.0-arm64-macos wasi-sdk
+
+        echo "Downloading wabt for macOS-14..."
         sudo wget -O wabt.tar.gz     --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.37/wabt-1.0.37-macos-14.tar.gz
+
+        echo "Extracting wabt..."
         sudo tar -xf wabt.tar.gz
         sudo ln -sf  wabt-1.0.37 wabt
+
         /opt/wasi-sdk/bin/clang --version
         /opt/wabt/bin/wasm-interp --version
+
         echo "::notice::wasi-sdk-25 and wabt-1.0.37 installed on macos-14"
       working-directory: /opt
 
-    #TODO: Add support for Windows
     - name: Set up wasi-sdk and wabt on Windows
       if: ${{ startsWith(inputs.os, 'windows') }}
-      shell: powershell
+      shell: bash
       run: |
-        echo "::notice::Support for Windows is not implemented yet"
-        exit 1
+        choco install -y wget
+
+        mkdir -p /opt/wasi-sdk
+        mkdir -p /opt/wabt
+
+        echo "Downloading wasi-sdk for Windows..."
+        wget -O wasi-sdk.tar.gz --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/wasi-sdk-25/wasi-sdk-25.0-x86_64-windows.tar.gz
+
+        echo "Extracting wasi-sdk..."
+        tar --strip-components=1 -xf wasi-sdk.tar.gz -C /opt/wasi-sdk
+
+        echo "Downloading wabt for Windows..."
+        wget -O wabt.tar.gz --progress=dot:giga https://github.com/WebAssembly/wabt/releases/download/1.0.37/wabt-1.0.37-windows.tar.gz
+
+        echo "Extracting wabt..."
+        tar --strip-components=1 -xf wabt.tar.gz -C /opt/wabt
+
+        /opt/wasi-sdk/bin/clang --version
+        /opt/wabt/bin/wasm-interp --version
+
+        echo "::notice::wasi-sdk-25 and wabt-1.0.37 installed on Windows"

.github/workflows/build_iwasm_release.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ on:
         type: string
         required: true
       upload_url:
-        description: a semantic version number. it is required when `release` is true.
+        description: upload binary assets to the URL of release
         type: string
         required: false
       ver_num:

.github/workflows/build_wamr_wasi_extensions.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+name: build wamr_wasi_extensions release
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      upload_url:
+        description: upload binary assets to the URL of release
+        type: string
+        required: false
+      ver_num:
+        description: a semantic version number. it is required when `release` is true.
+        type: string
+        required: false
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  build_wamr_wasi_extensions:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: write # for uploading release artifacts
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: install-wasi-sdk-wabt
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-wasi-sdk-wabt
+        with:
+          os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+      - name: Build wamr-wasi-extensions
+        run: |
+          mkdir dist
+          ./build_libs.sh $(pwd)/dist/wamr-wasi-extensions
+        working-directory: wamr-wasi-extensions
+
+      - name: Compress the binary
+        run: |
+          zip -r wamr-wasi-extensions-${{ inputs.ver_num }}.zip wamr-wasi-extensions
+        working-directory: wamr-wasi-extensions/dist
+
+      - name: Upload release zip
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ inputs.upload_url }}
+          asset_path: wamr-wasi-extensions/dist/wamr-wasi-extensions-${{ inputs.ver_num }}.zip
+          asset_name: wamr-wasi-extensions-${{ inputs.ver_num }}.zip
+          asset_content_type: application/zip

.github/workflows/build_wamrc.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ on:
         type: string
         required: true
       upload_url:
-        description: a semantic version number. it is required when `release` is true.
+        description: upload binary assets to the URL of release
         type: string
         required: false
       ver_num:

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3.28.18
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3.29.1
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
     - run: |
         ./.github/scripts/codeql_buildscript.sh
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3.28.18
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3.29.1
       with:
         category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"
         upload: false
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ jobs:
         output: ${{ steps.step1.outputs.sarif-output }}/cpp.sarif
 
     - name: Upload CodeQL results to code scanning
-      uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3.28.18
+      uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3.29.1
       with:
         sarif_file: ${{ steps.step1.outputs.sarif-output }}
         category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/compilation_on_android_ubuntu.yml

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ env:
   GC_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -G -b -P"
   MEMORY64_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -W -b -P"
   MULTI_MEMORY_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -E -b -P"
+  EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -N -b -P"
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -164,6 +165,7 @@ jobs:
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_MEMORY64=1",
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_MULTI_MEMORY=1",
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_SHARED=1",
+            "-DWAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=1",
           ]
         os: [ubuntu-22.04]
         platform: [android, linux]
@@ -609,6 +611,7 @@ jobs:
             $GC_TEST_OPTIONS,
             $MEMORY64_TEST_OPTIONS,
             $MULTI_MEMORY_TEST_OPTIONS,
+            $EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR_TEST_OPTIONS,
           ]
         include:
           - os: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -618,49 +621,6 @@ jobs:
             llvm_cache_key: ${{ needs.build_llvm_libraries_on_ubuntu_2204.outputs.cache_key }}
             running_mode: aot
             test_option: $WAMR_COMPILER_TEST_OPTIONS
-        exclude:
-          # incompatible modes and features
-          # classic-interp doesn't support simd
-          - running_mode: "classic-interp"
-            test_option: $SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # llvm jit doesn't support multi module
-          - running_mode: "jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # fast-jit doesn't support multi module, simd
-          - running_mode: "fast-jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "fast-jit"
-            test_option: $SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # multi-tier-jit doesn't support multi module, simd
-          - running_mode: "multi-tier-jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "multi-tier-jit"
-            test_option: $SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # fast-jit and multi-tier-jit don't support GC
-          - running_mode: "fast-jit"
-            test_option: $GC_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "multi-tier-jit"
-            test_option: $GC_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # fast-interp, fast-jit, llvm-jit, multi-tier-jit don't support Memory64
-          - running_mode: "fast-interp"
-            test_option: $MEMORY64_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "fast-jit"
-            test_option: $MEMORY64_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "jit"
-            test_option: $MEMORY64_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "multi-tier-jit"
-            test_option: $MEMORY64_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # aot, fast-interp, fast-jit, llvm-jit, multi-tier-jit don't support Multi Memory
-          - running_mode: "aot"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MEMORY_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "fast-interp"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MEMORY_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "fast-jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MEMORY_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MEMORY_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "multi-tier-jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MEMORY_TEST_OPTIONS
 
     steps:
       - name: checkout
@@ -764,123 +724,3 @@ jobs:
           eval $(opam env)
           ./test_wamr.sh ${{ env.X86_32_TARGET_TEST_OPTIONS }} ${{ matrix.test_option }} -t ${{ matrix.running_mode }}
         working-directory: ./tests/wamr-test-suites
-
-  test-wamr-ide:
-    needs:
-      [
-        build_iwasm
-      ]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    env:
-      PYTHON_VERSION: '3.10'
-      PYTHON_UBUNTU_STANDALONE_BUILD: https://github.com/indygreg/python-build-standalone/releases/download/20230507/cpython-3.10.11+20230507-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-install_only.tar.gz
-
-    steps:
-      - name: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: install dependencies
-        run: |
-          rustup target add wasm32-wasip1
-          sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y lld ninja-build
-          npm install
-        working-directory: test-tools/wamr-ide/VSCode-Extension
-
-      - name: code style check
-        run: |
-          npm install --save-dev prettier
-          npm run prettier-format-check
-        working-directory: test-tools/wamr-ide/VSCode-Extension
-
-      - name: build iwasm with source debugging feature
-        run: |
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_DEBUG_INTERP=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_REF_TYPES=1
-          make
-        working-directory: product-mini/platforms/linux
-
-      - name: Cache LLDB
-        id: cache-lldb
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        env:
-          cache-name: cache-lldb-vscode
-        with:
-          path: test-tools/wamr-ide/VSCode-Extension/resource/debug/linux
-          key: ${{ env.cache-name }}-${{ hashFiles('build-scripts/lldb_wasm.patch') }}-${{ env.PYTHON_UBUNTU_STANDALONE_BUILD }}
-
-      - if: ${{ steps.cache-lldb.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
-        name: get stand-alone python ubuntu
-        run: |
-          wget ${{ env.PYTHON_UBUNTU_STANDALONE_BUILD }} -O python.tar.gz
-          tar -xvf python.tar.gz
-        working-directory: core/deps
-
-      - if: ${{ steps.cache-lldb.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
-        name: download llvm
-        run: |
-          wget https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/archive/1f27fe6128769f00197925c3b8f6abb9d0e5cd2e.zip
-          unzip -q 1f27fe6128769f00197925c3b8f6abb9d0e5cd2e.zip
-          mv llvm-project-1f27fe6128769f00197925c3b8f6abb9d0e5cd2e llvm-project
-        working-directory: core/deps
-
-      - if: ${{ steps.cache-lldb.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
-        name: apply wamr patch
-        run: |
-          git init
-          git config user.email "action@github.com"
-          git config user.name "github action"
-          git apply ../../../build-scripts/lldb_wasm.patch
-        working-directory: core/deps/llvm-project
-
-      - if: ${{ steps.cache-lldb.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
-        name: build lldb ubuntu
-        run: |
-          echo "start to build lldb..."
-          mkdir -p wamr-lldb
-          cmake -S ./llvm -B build \
-            -G Ninja \
-            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../wamr-lldb \
-            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING="Release" \
-            -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON \
-            -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang;lldb" \
-            -DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD:STRING="X86;WebAssembly" \
-            -DLLVM_BUILD_BENCHMARKS:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_BUILD_DOCS:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_BUILD_EXAMPLES:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_BUILD_LLVM_DYLIB:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_BUILD_TESTS:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_INCLUDE_BENCHMARKS:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_INCLUDE_DOCS:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_INCLUDE_EXAMPLES:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_INCLUDE_TESTS:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_ENABLE_BINDINGS:BOOL=OFF \
-            -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBXML2:BOOL=ON \
-            -DLLVM_ENABLE_LLD:BOOL=ON \
-            -DLLDB_ENABLE_PYTHON:BOOL=ON \
-            -DLLDB_EMBED_PYTHON_HOME=ON \
-            -DLLDB_PYTHON_HOME=.. \
-            -DLLDB_PYTHON_RELATIVE_PATH=lib/lldb-python \
-            -DPython3_EXECUTABLE="$(pwd)/../python/bin/python${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}"
-          cmake --build build --target lldb install --parallel $(nproc)
-        working-directory: core/deps/llvm-project
-
-      - if: ${{ steps.cache-lldb.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
-        name: copy lldb to extension folder
-        run: |
-          mkdir -p bin
-          mkdir -p lib
-          cp ../../../../../../core/deps/llvm-project/lldb/tools/lldb-vscode/package.json ./
-          cp -r ../../../../../../core/deps/llvm-project/lldb/tools/lldb-vscode/syntaxes/ ./
-          cp ../../../../../../core/deps/llvm-project/build/bin/lldb* bin
-          cp ../../../../../../core/deps/llvm-project/build/lib/liblldb*.so lib
-          cp ../../../../../../core/deps/llvm-project/build/lib/liblldb*.so.* lib
-          cp -R ../../../../../../core/deps/llvm-project/build/lib/lldb-python lib
-          cp -R ../../../../../../core/deps/python/lib/python* lib
-          cp ../../../../../../core/deps/python/lib/libpython${{ env.PYTHON_VERSION }}.so.1.0 lib
-        working-directory: test-tools/wamr-ide/VSCode-Extension/resource/debug/linux
-
-      - name: run tests
-        timeout-minutes: 5
-        run: xvfb-run npm run test
-        working-directory: test-tools/wamr-ide/VSCode-Extension

.github/workflows/compilation_on_macos.yml

@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ jobs:
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=1",
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_TAIL_CALL=1",
             "-DWAMR_DISABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK=1",
+            "-DWAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=1",
           ]
         os: [macos-13]
         platform: [darwin]

.github/workflows/compilation_on_sgx.yml

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ jobs:
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_MULTI_MODULE=1",
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_PERF_PROFILING=1",
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_REF_TYPES=1",
+            "-DWAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=1",
             # doesn't support
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_SIMD=0",
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_TAIL_CALL=1",
@@ -290,28 +291,6 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: run spec tests
         run: |
-          set +e
           source /opt/intel/sgxsdk/environment
-          attempts=0
-          max_attempts=3
-
-          while [ $attempts -lt $max_attempts ]; do
           ./test_wamr.sh ${{ matrix.test_option }} -t ${{ matrix.running_mode }}
-            exitcode="$?"
-
-            if [ $exitcode -eq 0 ]; then
-              echo "Spec test passed"
-              exit 0
-            elif [ $exitcode -ne 143 ]; then
-              echo "Spec test failed with error code $exitcode"
-              exit 1
-            fi
-
-            echo "$exitcode is a known GitHub-hosted runner issue"
-            echo "::notice::Re-running the spec test due to error code 143"
-            attempts=$((attempts + 1))
-          done
-
-          echo "::notice::Report an error with code 143 in SGX CI after $max_attempts attempts"
-          exit 143
         working-directory: ./tests/wamr-test-suites

.github/workflows/compilation_on_windows.yml

@@ -172,6 +172,10 @@ jobs:
         run: ./build.sh
         working-directory: ./core/iwasm/libraries/lib-wasi-threads/test/
 
+      - name: install wget
+        shell: bash
+        run: choco install wget
+
       - name: run tests
         shell: bash
         timeout-minutes: 20

.github/workflows/nightly_run.yml

@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ env:
   LLVM_EAGER_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=0"
   MULTI_TIER_JIT_BUILD_OPTIONS: "-DWAMR_BUILD_AOT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP=0 -DWAMR_BUILD_INTERP=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_LAZY_JIT=1"
   # For Spec Test
-  # FIXME: use binary release(adding -b) instead of building from source after upgrading to 22.04
-  DEFAULT_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -P"
-  MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -M -P"
-  SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -S -P"
-  THREADS_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -p -P"
-  X86_32_TARGET_TEST_OPTIONS: "-m x86_32 -P"
+  DEFAULT_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P"
+  EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P -N"
+  MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P -M"
+  SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P -S"
+  THREADS_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s spec -b -P -p"
+  X86_32_TARGET_TEST_OPTIONS: "-m x86_32"
   WASI_TEST_OPTIONS: "-s wasi_certification -w"
 
 permissions:
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ jobs:
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_MEMORY64=1",
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_MULTI_MEMORY=1",
             "-DWAMR_BUILD_SHARED=1",
+            "-DWAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=1",
           ]
         os: [ubuntu-22.04]
         platform: [android, linux]
@@ -589,6 +590,7 @@ jobs:
             $DEFAULT_TEST_OPTIONS,
             $MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS,
             $SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS,
+            $EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR_TEST_OPTIONS,
             $THREADS_TEST_OPTIONS,
             $WASI_TEST_OPTIONS,
           ]
@@ -617,24 +619,11 @@ jobs:
             sanitizer: tsan
           - running_mode: "multi-tier-jit"
             sanitizer: tsan
-          # classic-interp and fast-interp don't support simd
-          - running_mode: "classic-interp"
-            test_option: $SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS
+          # simd128.h brings ubsan errors
+          # like: negation of XXXcannot be represented in type 'long int';
+          #       cast to an unsigned type to negate this value to itself
           - running_mode: "fast-interp"
-            test_option: $SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # llvm jit doesn't support multi module
-          - running_mode: "jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # fast-jit doesn't support multi module, simd
-          - running_mode: "fast-jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "fast-jit"
-            test_option: $SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS
-          # multi-tier-jit doesn't support multi module, simd
-          - running_mode: "multi-tier-jit"
-            test_option: $MULTI_MODULES_TEST_OPTIONS
-          - running_mode: "multi-tier-jit"
-            test_option: $SIMD_TEST_OPTIONS
+            sanitizer: ubsan
     steps:
       - name: checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/release_process.yml

@@ -239,3 +239,12 @@ jobs:
       arch: universal
       upload_url: ${{ needs.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
       ver_num: ${{ needs.create_tag.outputs.new_ver}}
+
+  release_wamr_wasi_extensions:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write # upload release artifact
+    needs: [create_tag, create_release]
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/build_wamr_wasi_extensions.yml
+    with:
+      upload_url: ${{ needs.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
+      ver_num: ${{ needs.create_tag.outputs.new_ver }}

.github/workflows/supply_chain.yml

@@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ jobs:
 
       # Upload the results to GitHub's code scanning dashboard.
       - name: "Upload to code-scanning"
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@57eebf61a2246ab60a0c2f5a85766db783ad3553 
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@4c57370d0304fbff638216539f81d9163f77712a 
         with:
           sarif_file: results.sarif

.github/workflows/wamr_wasi_extensions.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+name: wamr_wasi_extensions
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types:
+      - opened
+      - synchronize
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/wamr_wasi_extensions.yml"
+      - "wamr_wasi_extensios/**"
+      - "core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/**"
+      - "core/iwasm/libraries/lib-socket/**"
+  # allow to be triggered manually
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+# Cancel any in-flight jobs for the same PR/branch so there's only one active
+# at a time
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  build_wamr_wasi_extensions:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04, macos-13, macos-14]
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: install-wasi-sdk-wabt
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-wasi-sdk-wabt
+        with:
+          os: ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+      - name: Build wamr-wasi-extensions
+        run: |
+          mkdir dist
+          ./build_libs.sh $(pwd)/dist/wamr-wasi-extensions
+        working-directory: wamr-wasi-extensions
+
+      - name: Build wamr-wasi-extensions samples
+        run: |
+          ./build_samples.sh $(pwd)/dist/wamr-wasi-extensions
+        working-directory: wamr-wasi-extensions
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        if: matrix.os == 'macos-14'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: wamr-wasi-extensions
+          path: wamr-wasi-extensions/dist
+          retention-days: 10

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_LIB_WASI_THREADS)
   set (WAMR_BUILD_LIB_WASI_THREADS 0)
 endif ()
 
-if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK)
+if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_COPY_CALL_STACK)
   # Disable copy callstack by default
-  set (WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK 0)
+  set (WAMR_BUILD_COPY_CALL_STACK 0)
 endif()
 
 if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_MINI_LOADER)

RELEASE_NOTES.md

@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@
 - wasm loader: Fix handling if block without op else (#3404)
 - ref-types: Correct default value for function local variables (#3397)
 - aot compiler: Fix the length type passed to aot_memmove/aot_memset (#3378)
-- Fix loader and mini-loader select potiential error (#3374)
+- Fix loader and mini-loader select potential error (#3374)
 - Fix aot debugger compilation error on windows (#3370)
 - A few native stack detection fixes for macOS/arm64 (#3368)
 - Fix ESP32-S3 compiling error (#3359)

build-scripts/config_common.cmake

@@ -211,6 +211,10 @@ if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_TAIL_CALL)
   set (WAMR_BUILD_TAIL_CALL 0)
 endif ()
 
+if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR)
+  set (WAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR 0)
+endif ()
+
 ########################################
 # Compilation options to marco
 ########################################
@@ -334,15 +338,10 @@ if (WAMR_BUILD_SHARED_HEAP EQUAL 1)
   add_definitions (-DWASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP=1)
   message ("     Shared heap enabled")
 endif()
-
-if (WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK EQUAL 1)
-  add_definitions (-DWAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK=1)
+if (WAMR_BUILD_COPY_CALL_STACK EQUAL 1)
+  add_definitions (-DWASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK=1)
   message("     Copy callstack enabled")
-else ()
-  add_definitions (-DWAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK=0)
-  message("     Copy callstack disabled")
 endif()
-
 if (WAMR_BUILD_MEMORY64 EQUAL 1)
   # if native is 32-bit or cross-compiled to 32-bit
   if (NOT WAMR_BUILD_TARGET MATCHES ".*64.*")
@@ -539,6 +538,9 @@ if (WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN EQUAL 1)
   if (DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN_EXTERNAL_DELEGATE_PATH)
       add_definitions (-DWASM_WASI_NN_EXTERNAL_DELEGATE_PATH="${WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN_EXTERNAL_DELEGATE_PATH}")
   endif ()
+  if (NOT DEFINED WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN)
+      set(WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN 1)
+  endif()
   if (WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN EQUAL 1)
       message ("     WASI-NN: use 'wasi_ephemeral_nn' instead of 'wasi-nn'")
       add_definitions (-DWASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN=1)
@@ -675,7 +677,13 @@ if (WAMR_BUILD_INSTRUCTION_METERING EQUAL 1)
   message ("     Instruction metering enabled")
   add_definitions (-DWASM_ENABLE_INSTRUCTION_METERING=1)
 endif ()
-
+if (WAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR EQUAL 1)
+  message ("     Extended constant expression enabled")
+  add_definitions(-DWASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=1)
+else()
+  message ("     Extended constant expression disabled")
+  add_definitions(-DWASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR=0)
+endif ()
 ########################################
 # Show Phase4 Wasm proposals status.
 ########################################
@@ -689,6 +697,7 @@ message (
 "       \"WebAssembly C and C++ API\"\n"
 "     Configurable. 0 is OFF. 1 is ON:\n"
 "       \"Bulk Memory Operation\" via WAMR_BUILD_BULK_MEMORY: ${WAMR_BUILD_BULK_MEMORY}\n"
+"       \"Extended Constant Expressions\" via WAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR: ${WAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR}\n"
 "       \"Fixed-width SIMD\" via WAMR_BUILD_SIMD: ${WAMR_BUILD_SIMD}\n"
 "       \"Garbage collection\" via WAMR_BUILD_GC: ${WAMR_BUILD_GC}\n"
 "       \"Legacy Exception handling\" via WAMR_BUILD_EXCE_HANDLING: ${WAMR_BUILD_EXCE_HANDLING}\n"
@@ -703,7 +712,6 @@ message (
 "       \"Branch Hinting\"\n"
 "       \"Custom Annotation Syntax in the Text Format\"\n"
 "       \"Exception handling\"\n"
-"       \"Extended Constant Expressions\"\n"
 "       \"Import/Export of Mutable Globals\"\n"
 "       \"JS String Builtins\"\n"
 "       \"Relaxed SIMD\"\n"

build-scripts/requirements.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-requests==2.32.3
+requests==2.32.4

build-scripts/runtime_lib.cmake

@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ endif ()
 
 if (WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN EQUAL 1)
     include (${IWASM_DIR}/libraries/wasi-nn/cmake/wasi_nn.cmake)
+    set (WAMR_BUILD_MODULE_INST_CONTEXT 1)
 endif ()
 
 if (WAMR_BUILD_LIB_PTHREAD EQUAL 1)

ci/coding_guidelines_check.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 #
 import argparse
-import re
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import shlex
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ INVALID_FILE_NAME_SEGMENT = r"([a-zA-Z0-9]+\-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)"
 
 def locate_command(command: str) -> bool:
     if not shutil.which(command):
-        print(f"Command '{command}'' not found")
+        print(f"Command '{command}' not found")
         return False
 
     return True

core/config.h

@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@
 #error "Heap aux stack allocation must be enabled for WASI threads"
 #endif
 
-#ifndef WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK
-#define WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK 0
+#ifndef WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
+#define WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK 0
 #endif
 
 #ifndef WASM_ENABLE_BASE_LIB
@@ -720,4 +720,8 @@ unless used elsewhere */
 #define WASM_ENABLE_INSTRUCTION_METERING 0
 #endif
 
+#ifndef WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR
+#define WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR 0
+#endif
+
 #endif /* end of _CONFIG_H_ */

core/iwasm/aot/aot_loader.c

@@ -968,6 +968,35 @@ fail:
     return false;
 }
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+static void
+destroy_init_expr(InitializerExpression *expr)
+{
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
+    if (expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW
+        || expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW
+        || expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_FIXED) {
+        wasm_runtime_free(expr->u.unary.v.data);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    // free left expr and right expr for binary oprand
+    if (!is_expr_binary_op(expr->init_expr_type)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (expr->u.binary.l_expr) {
+        destroy_init_expr_recursive(expr->u.binary.l_expr);
+    }
+    if (expr->u.binary.r_expr) {
+        destroy_init_expr_recursive(expr->u.binary.r_expr);
+    }
+    expr->u.binary.l_expr = expr->u.binary.r_expr = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0 \
+        */
+
 static void
 destroy_import_memories(AOTImportMemory *import_memories)
 {
@@ -993,6 +1022,10 @@ destroy_mem_init_data_list(AOTModule *module, AOTMemInitData **data_list,
             /* If the module owns the binary data, free the bytes buffer */
             if (module->is_binary_freeable && data_list[i]->bytes)
                 wasm_runtime_free(data_list[i]->bytes);
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+            destroy_init_expr(&data_list[i]->offset);
+#endif
             /* Free the data segment structure itself */
             wasm_runtime_free(data_list[i]);
         }
@@ -1043,11 +1076,11 @@ load_mem_init_data_list(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
         uint32 byte_count;
         uint32 is_passive;
         uint32 memory_index;
-        InitializerExpression init_value;
+        InitializerExpression offset_expr;
 
         read_uint32(buf, buf_end, is_passive);
         read_uint32(buf, buf_end, memory_index);
-        if (!load_init_expr(&buf, buf_end, module, &init_value, error_buf,
+        if (!load_init_expr(&buf, buf_end, module, &offset_expr, error_buf,
                             error_buf_size)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1062,8 +1095,7 @@ load_mem_init_data_list(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
         data_list[i]->is_passive = (bool)is_passive;
         data_list[i]->memory_index = memory_index;
 #endif
-        data_list[i]->offset.init_expr_type = init_value.init_expr_type;
-        data_list[i]->offset.u = init_value.u;
+        data_list[i]->offset = offset_expr;
         data_list[i]->byte_count = byte_count;
         data_list[i]->bytes = NULL;
         /* If the module owns the binary data, clone the bytes buffer */
@@ -1148,18 +1180,6 @@ fail:
     return false;
 }
 
-#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
-static void
-destroy_init_expr(InitializerExpression *expr)
-{
-    if (expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW
-        || expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW
-        || expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_FIXED) {
-        wasm_runtime_free(expr->u.data);
-    }
-}
-#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
-
 static void
 destroy_import_tables(AOTImportTable *import_tables)
 {
@@ -1183,6 +1203,9 @@ destroy_table_init_data_list(AOTTableInitData **data_list, uint32 count)
             for (j = 0; j < data_list[i]->value_count; j++) {
                 destroy_init_expr(&data_list[i]->init_values[j]);
             }
+#endif
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+            destroy_init_expr(&data_list[i]->offset);
 #endif
             wasm_runtime_free(data_list[i]);
         }
@@ -1208,34 +1231,34 @@ load_init_expr(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST:
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_F32_CONST:
-            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.i32);
+            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.unary.v.i32);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST:
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_F64_CONST:
-            read_uint64(buf, buf_end, expr->u.i64);
+            read_uint64(buf, buf_end, expr->u.unary.v.i64);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_V128_CONST:
-            i64x2 = (uint64 *)expr->u.v128.i64x2;
+            i64x2 = (uint64 *)expr->u.unary.v.v128.i64x2;
             CHECK_BUF(buf, buf_end, sizeof(uint64) * 2);
             wasm_runtime_read_v128(buf, &i64x2[0], &i64x2[1]);
             buf += sizeof(uint64) * 2;
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL:
-            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.global_index);
+            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.unary.v.global_index);
             break;
         /* INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST can be used when
            both reference types and GC are disabled */
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST:
-            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.ref_index);
+            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.unary.v.ref_index);
             break;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST:
-            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.ref_index);
+            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.unary.v.ref_index);
             break;
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0 */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I31_NEW:
-            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.i32);
+            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.unary.v.i32);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW:
         {
@@ -1256,7 +1279,7 @@ load_init_expr(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
             free_if_fail = true;
             init_values->count = field_count;
             init_values->type_idx = type_idx;
-            expr->u.data = init_values;
+            expr->u.unary.v.data = init_values;
 
             if (type_idx >= module->type_count) {
                 set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
@@ -1294,7 +1317,7 @@ load_init_expr(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
             break;
         }
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW_DEFAULT:
-            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.type_index);
+            read_uint32(buf, buf_end, expr->u.unary.v.type_index);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW:
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_DEFAULT:
@@ -1309,9 +1332,16 @@ load_init_expr(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
             read_uint32(buf, buf_end, type_idx);
             read_uint32(buf, buf_end, length);
 
+            if (type_idx >= module->type_count
+                || !wasm_type_is_array_type(module->types[type_idx])) {
+                set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
+                              "invalid or non-array type index.");
+                goto fail;
+            }
+
             if (init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_DEFAULT) {
-                expr->u.array_new_default.type_index = type_idx;
-                expr->u.array_new_default.length = length;
+                expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.type_index = type_idx;
+                expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.length = length;
             }
             else {
                 uint32 i, elem_size, elem_data_count;
@@ -1322,7 +1352,7 @@ load_init_expr(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
                     return false;
                 }
                 free_if_fail = true;
-                expr->u.data = init_values;
+                expr->u.unary.v.data = init_values;
 
                 init_values->type_idx = type_idx;
                 init_values->length = length;
@@ -1350,6 +1380,34 @@ load_init_expr(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
             break;
         }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+        {
+            expr->u.binary.l_expr = expr->u.binary.r_expr = NULL;
+            if (!(expr->u.binary.l_expr =
+                      loader_malloc(sizeof(InitializerExpression), error_buf,
+                                    error_buf_size))) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            if (!load_init_expr(&buf, buf_end, module, expr->u.binary.l_expr,
+                                error_buf, error_buf_size))
+                goto fail;
+            if (!(expr->u.binary.r_expr =
+                      loader_malloc(sizeof(InitializerExpression), error_buf,
+                                    error_buf_size))) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            if (!load_init_expr(&buf, buf_end, module, expr->u.binary.r_expr,
+                                error_buf, error_buf_size))
+                goto fail;
+            break;
+        }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0 */
         default:
             set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size, "invalid init expr type.");
             return false;
@@ -1362,10 +1420,13 @@ load_init_expr(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
 fail:
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
     if (free_if_fail) {
-        wasm_runtime_free(expr->u.data);
+        wasm_runtime_free(expr->u.unary.v.data);
     }
 #else
     (void)free_if_fail;
+#endif
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    destroy_init_expr(expr);
 #endif
     return false;
 }
@@ -1528,14 +1589,16 @@ load_table_init_data_list(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
     /* Create each table data segment */
     for (i = 0; i < module->table_init_data_count; i++) {
         uint32 mode, elem_type;
-        uint32 table_index, init_expr_type, value_count;
-        uint64 init_expr_value, size1;
+        uint32 table_index, value_count;
+        uint64 size1;
+        InitializerExpression offset_expr;
 
         read_uint32(buf, buf_end, mode);
         read_uint32(buf, buf_end, elem_type);
         read_uint32(buf, buf_end, table_index);
-        read_uint32(buf, buf_end, init_expr_type);
-        read_uint64(buf, buf_end, init_expr_value);
+        if (!load_init_expr(&buf, buf_end, module, &offset_expr, error_buf,
+                            error_buf_size))
+            return false;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
         if (wasm_is_type_multi_byte_type(elem_type)) {
             uint16 ref_type, nullable;
@@ -1581,8 +1644,7 @@ load_table_init_data_list(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
             }
         }
 #endif
-        data_list[i]->offset.init_expr_type = (uint8)init_expr_type;
-        data_list[i]->offset.u.i64 = (int64)init_expr_value;
+        data_list[i]->offset = offset_expr;
         data_list[i]->value_count = value_count;
         for (j = 0; j < data_list[i]->value_count; j++) {
             if (!load_init_expr(&buf, buf_end, module,
@@ -1723,6 +1785,12 @@ load_types(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
             (void)u8;
 
             read_uint32(buf, buf_end, j);
+#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT_VALIDATOR != 0
+            if (j >= module->type_count) {
+                set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size, "invalid type index");
+                goto fail;
+            }
+#endif
             if (module->types[j]->ref_count == UINT16_MAX) {
                 set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                               "wasm type's ref count too large");
@@ -1986,6 +2054,13 @@ load_types(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
                 AOTType *cur_type = module->types[j];
                 parent_type_idx = cur_type->parent_type_idx;
                 if (parent_type_idx != (uint32)-1) { /* has parent */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT_VALIDATOR != 0
+                    if (parent_type_idx >= module->type_count) {
+                        set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
+                                      "invalid parent type index");
+                        goto fail;
+                    }
+#endif
                     AOTType *parent_type = module->types[parent_type_idx];
 
                     module->types[j]->parent_type = parent_type;
@@ -2009,6 +2084,13 @@ load_types(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, AOTModule *module,
                 AOTType *cur_type = module->types[j];
                 parent_type_idx = cur_type->parent_type_idx;
                 if (parent_type_idx != (uint32)-1) { /* has parent */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT_VALIDATOR != 0
+                    if (parent_type_idx >= module->type_count) {
+                        set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
+                                      "invalid parent type index");
+                        goto fail;
+                    }
+#endif
                     AOTType *parent_type = module->types[parent_type_idx];
                     /* subtyping has been checked during compilation */
                     bh_assert(wasm_type_is_subtype_of(
@@ -3323,7 +3405,7 @@ do_data_relocation(AOTModule *module, AOTRelocationGroup *group,
     uint8 *data_addr;
     uint32 data_size = 0, i;
     AOTRelocation *relocation = group->relocations;
-    void *symbol_addr;
+    void *symbol_addr = NULL;
     char *symbol, *data_section_name;
 
     if (!strncmp(group->section_name, ".rela.", 6)) {
@@ -4473,7 +4555,7 @@ aot_unload(AOTModule *module)
         destroy_import_globals(module->import_globals);
 
     if (module->globals) {
-#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
         uint32 i;
         for (i = 0; i < module->global_count; i++) {
             destroy_init_expr(&module->globals[i].init_expr);

core/iwasm/aot/aot_reloc.h

@@ -185,6 +185,13 @@ typedef struct {
 #define REG_STRINGREF_SYM()
 #endif
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+#define REG_SHARED_HEAP_SYM()                 \
+    REG_SYM(wasm_runtime_check_and_update_last_used_shared_heap),
+#else
+#define REG_SHARED_HEAP_SYM()
+#endif
+
 #define REG_COMMON_SYMBOLS                \
     REG_SYM(aot_set_exception_with_id),   \
     REG_SYM(aot_invoke_native),           \
@@ -218,6 +225,7 @@ typedef struct {
     REG_LLVM_PGO_SYM()                    \
     REG_GC_SYM()                          \
     REG_STRINGREF_SYM()                   \
+    REG_SHARED_HEAP_SYM()                 \
 
 #define CHECK_RELOC_OFFSET(data_size) do {              \
     if (!check_reloc_offset(target_section_size,        \

core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.c

@@ -60,6 +60,16 @@ bh_static_assert(offsetof(AOTModuleInstanceExtra, stack_sizes) == 0);
 bh_static_assert(offsetof(AOTModuleInstanceExtra, shared_heap_base_addr_adj)
                  == 8);
 bh_static_assert(offsetof(AOTModuleInstanceExtra, shared_heap_start_off) == 16);
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(AOTModuleInstanceExtra, shared_heap_end_off) == 24);
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(AOTModuleInstanceExtra, shared_heap) == 32);
+
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, next) == 0);
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, chain_next) == 8);
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, heap_handle) == 16);
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, base_addr) == 24);
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, size) == 32);
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, start_off_mem64) == 40);
+bh_static_assert(offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, start_off_mem32) == 48);
 
 bh_static_assert(sizeof(CApiFuncImport) == sizeof(uintptr_t) * 3);
 
@@ -279,18 +289,21 @@ assign_table_init_value(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
     switch (flag) {
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL:
         {
-            if (!check_global_init_expr(module, init_expr->u.global_index,
+            if (!check_global_init_expr(module,
+                                        init_expr->u.unary.v.global_index,
                                         error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                 return false;
             }
-            if (init_expr->u.global_index < module->import_global_count) {
+            if (init_expr->u.unary.v.global_index
+                < module->import_global_count) {
                 PUT_REF_TO_ADDR(
-                    addr, module->import_globals[init_expr->u.global_index]
+                    addr,
+                    module->import_globals[init_expr->u.unary.v.global_index]
                         .global_data_linked.gc_obj);
             }
             else {
-                uint32 global_idx =
-                    init_expr->u.global_index - module->import_global_count;
+                uint32 global_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.global_index
+                                    - module->import_global_count;
                 return assign_table_init_value(
                     module_inst, module, &module->globals[global_idx].init_expr,
                     addr, error_buf, error_buf_size);
@@ -306,7 +319,7 @@ assign_table_init_value(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST:
         {
             WASMFuncObjectRef func_obj = NULL;
-            uint32 func_idx = init_expr->u.u32;
+            uint32 func_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.u32;
 
             if (func_idx != UINT32_MAX) {
                 if (!(func_obj =
@@ -321,7 +334,8 @@ assign_table_init_value(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
         }
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I31_NEW:
         {
-            WASMI31ObjectRef i31_obj = wasm_i31_obj_new(init_expr->u.i32);
+            WASMI31ObjectRef i31_obj =
+                wasm_i31_obj_new(init_expr->u.unary.v.i32);
             PUT_REF_TO_ADDR(addr, i31_obj);
             break;
         }
@@ -335,11 +349,12 @@ assign_table_init_value(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
             uint32 type_idx;
 
             if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW) {
-                init_values = (WASMStructNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.data;
+                init_values =
+                    (WASMStructNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.unary.v.data;
                 type_idx = init_values->type_idx;
             }
             else {
-                type_idx = init_expr->u.type_index;
+                type_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.type_index;
             }
 
             struct_type = (WASMStructType *)module->types[type_idx];
@@ -388,12 +403,13 @@ assign_table_init_value(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
             uint32 type_idx, len;
 
             if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_DEFAULT) {
-                type_idx = init_expr->u.array_new_default.type_index;
-                len = init_expr->u.array_new_default.length;
+                type_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.type_index;
+                len = init_expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.length;
                 arr_init_val = &empty_val;
             }
             else {
-                init_values = (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.data;
+                init_values =
+                    (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.unary.v.data;
                 type_idx = init_values->type_idx;
                 len = init_values->length;
 
@@ -444,6 +460,90 @@ assign_table_init_value(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
 }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
 
+static bool
+get_init_value_recursive(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
+                         InitializerExpression *expr, WASMValue *value,
+                         char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
+{
+    uint8 flag = expr->init_expr_type;
+    switch (flag) {
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL:
+        {
+            if (!check_global_init_expr(module, expr->u.unary.v.global_index,
+                                        error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
+            *value = module->import_globals[expr->u.unary.v.global_index]
+                         .global_data_linked;
+#else
+            if (expr->u.unary.v.global_index < module->import_global_count) {
+                *value = module->import_globals[expr->u.unary.v.global_index]
+                             .global_data_linked;
+            }
+            else {
+                *value = module
+                             ->globals[expr->u.unary.v.global_index
+                                       - module->import_global_count]
+                             .init_expr.u.unary.v;
+            }
+#endif
+            break;
+        }
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST:
+        {
+            *value = expr->u.unary.v;
+            break;
+        }
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+        {
+            WASMValue l_value, r_value;
+            if (!get_init_value_recursive(module_inst, module,
+                                          expr->u.binary.l_expr, &l_value,
+                                          error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!get_init_value_recursive(module_inst, module,
+                                          expr->u.binary.r_expr, &r_value,
+                                          error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD) {
+                value->i32 = l_value.i32 + r_value.i32;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB) {
+                value->i32 = l_value.i32 - r_value.i32;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL) {
+                value->i32 = l_value.i32 * r_value.i32;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD) {
+                value->i64 = l_value.i64 + r_value.i64;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB) {
+                value->i64 = l_value.i64 - r_value.i64;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL) {
+                value->i64 = l_value.i64 * r_value.i64;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+#endif
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static bool
 global_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
                    char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
@@ -472,30 +572,24 @@ global_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
         flag = init_expr->init_expr_type;
         switch (flag) {
             case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST:
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+#endif
             {
-                if (!check_global_init_expr(module, init_expr->u.global_index,
-                                            error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                WASMValue value;
+                if (!get_init_value_recursive(module_inst, module, init_expr,
+                                              &value, error_buf,
+                                              error_buf_size)) {
                     return false;
                 }
-#if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
-                init_global_data(
-                    p, global->type.val_type,
-                    &module->import_globals[init_expr->u.global_index]
-                         .global_data_linked);
-#else
-                if (init_expr->u.global_index < module->import_global_count) {
-                    init_global_data(
-                        p, global->type.val_type,
-                        &module->import_globals[init_expr->u.global_index]
-                             .global_data_linked);
-                }
-                else {
-                    uint32 global_idx =
-                        init_expr->u.global_index - module->import_global_count;
-                    init_global_data(p, global->type.val_type,
-                                     &module->globals[global_idx].init_expr.u);
-                }
-#endif
+                init_global_data(p, global->type.val_type, &value);
                 break;
             }
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0 && WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0
@@ -516,7 +610,7 @@ global_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
             case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST:
             {
                 WASMFuncObjectRef func_obj = NULL;
-                uint32 func_idx = init_expr->u.u32;
+                uint32 func_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.ref_index;
 
                 if (func_idx != UINT32_MAX) {
                     if (!(func_obj =
@@ -531,7 +625,8 @@ global_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
             }
             case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I31_NEW:
             {
-                WASMI31ObjectRef i31_obj = wasm_i31_obj_new(init_expr->u.i32);
+                WASMI31ObjectRef i31_obj =
+                    wasm_i31_obj_new(init_expr->u.unary.v.i32);
                 PUT_REF_TO_ADDR(p, i31_obj);
                 break;
             }
@@ -545,11 +640,12 @@ global_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
                 uint32 type_idx;
 
                 if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW) {
-                    init_values = (WASMStructNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.data;
+                    init_values =
+                        (WASMStructNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.unary.v.data;
                     type_idx = init_values->type_idx;
                 }
                 else {
-                    type_idx = init_expr->u.type_index;
+                    type_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.type_index;
                 }
 
                 struct_type = (WASMStructType *)module->types[type_idx];
@@ -599,12 +695,14 @@ global_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
                 uint32 type_idx, len;
 
                 if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_DEFAULT) {
-                    type_idx = init_expr->u.array_new_default.type_index;
-                    len = init_expr->u.array_new_default.length;
+                    type_idx =
+                        init_expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.type_index;
+                    len = init_expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.length;
                     arr_init_val = &empty_val;
                 }
                 else {
-                    init_values = (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.data;
+                    init_values =
+                        (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.unary.v.data;
                     type_idx = init_values->type_idx;
                     len = init_values->length;
 
@@ -650,7 +748,8 @@ global_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
             default:
             {
-                init_global_data(p, global->type.val_type, &init_expr->u);
+                init_global_data(p, global->type.val_type,
+                                 &init_expr->u.unary.v);
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -671,6 +770,7 @@ tables_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
     uint64 total_size;
     AOTTableInitData *table_seg;
     AOTTableInstance *tbl_inst = first_tbl_inst;
+    uint8 offset_flag;
 
     total_size = (uint64)sizeof(AOTTableInstance *) * module_inst->table_count;
     if (total_size > 0
@@ -743,28 +843,25 @@ tables_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
         tbl_inst = module_inst->tables[table_seg->table_index];
         bh_assert(tbl_inst);
 
+        offset_flag = table_seg->offset.init_expr_type;
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0
-        bh_assert(
-            table_seg->offset.init_expr_type
-                == (tbl_inst->is_table64 ? INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST
-                                         : INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST)
-            || table_seg->offset.init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
-            || table_seg->offset.init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
-            || table_seg->offset.init_expr_type
-                   == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST);
+        bh_assert(offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST
+                  || (tbl_inst->is_table64 ? is_valid_i64_offset(offset_flag)
+                                           : is_valid_i32_offset(offset_flag)));
 #else
-        bh_assert(table_seg->offset.init_expr_type
-                      == (tbl_inst->is_table64 ? INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST
-                                               : INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST)
-                  || table_seg->offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL);
+        bh_assert(offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
+                  || (tbl_inst->is_table64 ? is_valid_i64_offset(offset_flag)
+                                           : is_valid_i32_offset(offset_flag)));
 #endif
 
         /* Resolve table data base offset */
         /* TODO: The table64 current implementation assumes table max size
          * UINT32_MAX, so the offset conversion here is safe */
-        if (table_seg->offset.init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
-            global_index = table_seg->offset.u.global_index;
+        if (offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
+            global_index = table_seg->offset.u.unary.v.global_index;
 
             if (!check_global_init_expr(module, global_index, error_buf,
                                         error_buf_size)) {
@@ -782,8 +879,15 @@ tables_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
             base_offset =
                 *(uint32 *)(module_inst->global_data + global_data_offset);
         }
-        else
-            base_offset = (uint32)table_seg->offset.u.i32;
+        else {
+            WASMValue offset_value;
+            if (!get_init_value_recursive(module_inst, module,
+                                          &table_seg->offset, &offset_value,
+                                          error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            base_offset = (uint32)offset_value.i32;
+        }
 
         /* Copy table data */
         /* base_offset only since length might negative */
@@ -818,7 +922,7 @@ tables_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModule *module,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
         for (j = 0; j < length; j++) {
             tbl_inst->elems[base_offset + j] =
-                table_seg->init_values[j].u.ref_index;
+                table_seg->init_values[j].u.unary.v.ref_index;
         }
 #endif
     }
@@ -1118,6 +1222,7 @@ memories_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModuleInstance *parent,
     AOTMemInitData *data_seg;
     uint64 total_size;
     mem_offset_t base_offset;
+    uint8 offset_flag;
 
     module_inst->memory_count = memory_count;
     total_size = sizeof(AOTMemoryInstance *) * (uint64)memory_count;
@@ -1156,15 +1261,15 @@ memories_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModuleInstance *parent,
                initialized */
             continue;
 
-        bh_assert(data_seg->offset.init_expr_type
-                      == (memory_inst->is_memory64 ? INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST
-                                                   : INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST)
-                  || data_seg->offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL);
+        offset_flag = data_seg->offset.init_expr_type;
+        bh_assert(offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
+                  || (memory_inst->is_memory64
+                          ? is_valid_i64_offset(offset_flag)
+                          : is_valid_i32_offset(offset_flag)));
 
         /* Resolve memory data base offset */
-        if (data_seg->offset.init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
-            global_index = data_seg->offset.u.global_index;
+        if (offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
+            global_index = data_seg->offset.u.unary.v.global_index;
 
             if (!check_global_init_expr(module, global_index, error_buf,
                                         error_buf_size)) {
@@ -1192,14 +1297,20 @@ memories_instantiate(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, AOTModuleInstance *parent,
             }
         }
         else {
+            WASMValue offset_value;
+            if (!get_init_value_recursive(module_inst, module,
+                                          &data_seg->offset, &offset_value,
+                                          error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                return false;
+            }
 #if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 != 0
             if (memory_inst->is_memory64) {
-                base_offset = data_seg->offset.u.i64;
+                base_offset = offset_value.i64;
             }
             else
 #endif
             {
-                base_offset = data_seg->offset.u.u32;
+                base_offset = offset_value.u32;
             }
         }
 
@@ -1989,6 +2100,8 @@ aot_instantiate(AOTModule *module, AOTModuleInstance *parent,
 #else
     extra->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] = UINT32_MAX;
 #endif
+    /* After shared heap chain, will early stop if shared heap is NULL */
+    extra->shared_heap = NULL;
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_PERF_PROFILING != 0
     total_size = sizeof(AOTFuncPerfProfInfo)
@@ -2043,6 +2156,7 @@ aot_instantiate(AOTModule *module, AOTModuleInstance *parent,
         uint8 tbl_elem_type;
         uint32 tbl_init_size, tbl_max_size, j;
         WASMRefType *tbl_elem_ref_type;
+        WASMValue offset_value;
 
         bh_assert(table_init_data);
 
@@ -2074,69 +2188,73 @@ aot_instantiate(AOTModule *module, AOTModuleInstance *parent,
         if (!wasm_elem_is_active(table_init_data->mode)) {
             continue;
         }
-
-        bh_assert(table_init_data->offset.init_expr_type
-                      == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST
-                  || table_init_data->offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
-                  || table_init_data->offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
-                  || table_init_data->offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST);
+        uint8 offset_flag = table_init_data->offset.init_expr_type;
+        bh_assert(offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL);
 
         /* init vec(funcidx) or vec(expr) */
-        if (table_init_data->offset.init_expr_type
-            == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
+        if (offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
             uint32 data_offset;
-            if (!check_global_init_expr(module,
-                                        table_init_data->offset.u.global_index,
+            if (!check_global_init_expr(
+                    module, table_init_data->offset.u.unary.v.global_index,
                     error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                 goto fail;
             }
 
-            if (table_init_data->offset.u.global_index
+            if (table_init_data->offset.u.unary.v.global_index
                 < module->import_global_count) {
-                data_offset =
-                    module
-                        ->import_globals[table_init_data->offset.u.global_index]
+                data_offset = module
+                                  ->import_globals[table_init_data->offset.u
+                                                       .unary.v.global_index]
                                   .data_offset;
             }
             else {
                 data_offset =
                     module
-                        ->globals[table_init_data->offset.u.global_index
+                        ->globals[table_init_data->offset.u.unary.v.global_index
                                   - module->import_global_count]
                         .data_offset;
             }
-
-            table_init_data->offset.u.i32 =
+            offset_value.i32 =
                 *(uint32 *)(module_inst->global_data + data_offset);
         }
+        else {
+            if (!get_init_value_recursive(
+                    module_inst, module, &table_init_data->offset,
+                    &offset_value, error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
 
         /* check offset since length might negative */
-        if ((uint32)table_init_data->offset.u.i32 > table->cur_size) {
-            LOG_DEBUG("base_offset(%d) > table->cur_size(%d)",
-                      table_init_data->offset.u.i32, table->cur_size);
+        if ((uint32)offset_value.i32 > table->cur_size) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("base_offset(%d) > table->cur_size(%d)", offset_value.i32,
+                      table->cur_size);
             set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                           "out of bounds table access");
             goto fail;
         }
 
-        if ((uint32)table_init_data->offset.u.i32 + table_init_data->value_count
+        if ((uint32)offset_value.i32 + table_init_data->value_count
             > table->cur_size) {
             LOG_DEBUG("base_offset(%d) + length(%d) > table->cur_size(%d)",
-                      table_init_data->offset.u.i32,
-                      table_init_data->value_count, table->cur_size);
+                      offset_value.i32, table_init_data->value_count,
+                      table->cur_size);
             set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                           "out of bounds table access");
             goto fail;
         }
 
         for (j = 0; j < module->table_init_data_list[i]->value_count; j++) {
-            if (!assign_table_init_value(
-                    module_inst, module, &table_init_data->init_values[j],
-                    table_data + table_init_data->offset.u.i32 + j, error_buf,
-                    error_buf_size)) {
+            if (!assign_table_init_value(module_inst, module,
+                                         &table_init_data->init_values[j],
+                                         table_data + offset_value.i32 + j,
+                                         error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                 goto fail;
             }
         }
@@ -3639,7 +3757,7 @@ aot_get_module_inst_mem_consumption(const AOTModuleInstance *module_inst,
     for (i = 0; i < module_inst->memory_count; i++) {
         AOTMemoryInstance *mem_inst = module_inst->memories[i];
         mem_conspn->memories_size +=
-            mem_inst->num_bytes_per_page * mem_inst->cur_page_count;
+            (uint64)mem_inst->num_bytes_per_page * mem_inst->cur_page_count;
         mem_conspn->app_heap_size =
             mem_inst->heap_data_end - mem_inst->heap_data;
         /* size of app heap structure */
@@ -3729,10 +3847,10 @@ aot_table_init(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, uint32 tbl_idx,
     for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
         /* UINT32_MAX indicates that it is a null ref */
-        if (init_values[i].u.ref_index != UINT32_MAX) {
-            if (!(func_obj = aot_create_func_obj(module_inst,
-                                                 init_values[i].u.ref_index,
-                                                 true, NULL, 0))) {
+        if (init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index != UINT32_MAX) {
+            if (!(func_obj = aot_create_func_obj(
+                      module_inst, init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index, true,
+                      NULL, 0))) {
                 aot_set_exception_with_id(module_inst, EXCE_NULL_FUNC_OBJ);
                 return;
             }
@@ -3742,7 +3860,7 @@ aot_table_init(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, uint32 tbl_idx,
             table_elems[i] = NULL_REF;
         }
 #else
-        table_elems[i] = init_values[i].u.ref_index;
+        table_elems[i] = init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index;
 #endif
     }
 }
@@ -4137,9 +4255,9 @@ aot_frame_update_profile_info(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, bool alloc_frame)
 }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_AOT_STACK_FRAME != 0 */
 
-#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
 uint32
-aot_copy_callstack_tiny_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+aot_copy_callstack_tiny_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                               const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n,
                               char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
 {
@@ -4193,7 +4311,7 @@ aot_copy_callstack_tiny_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
 }
 
 uint32
-aot_copy_callstack_standard_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+aot_copy_callstack_standard_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                                   const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n,
                                   char *error_buf, uint32_t error_buf_size)
 {
@@ -4243,7 +4361,7 @@ aot_copy_callstack_standard_frame(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
 }
 
 uint32
-aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                    const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                    uint32_t error_buf_size)
 {
@@ -4265,7 +4383,7 @@ aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
                                              error_buf, error_buf_size);
     }
 }
-#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK
+#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_DUMP_CALL_STACK != 0
 bool
@@ -4877,8 +4995,8 @@ aot_dump_pgo_prof_data_to_buf(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, char *buf,
     }
 
     prof_header.magic = 0xFF6C70726F667281LL;
-    /* Version 8 */
-    prof_header.version = 0x0000000000000008LL;
+    /* Version 9 */
+    prof_header.version = 0x0000000000000009LL;
     /* with VARIANT_MASK_IR_PROF (IR Instrumentation) */
     prof_header.version |= 0x1ULL << 56;
     /* with VARIANT_MASK_MEMPROF (Memory Profile) */
@@ -4887,14 +5005,19 @@ aot_dump_pgo_prof_data_to_buf(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, char *buf,
     prof_header.num_prof_counters = num_prof_counters;
     prof_header.names_size = prof_names_size;
     prof_header.value_kind_last = 1;
+    /* __llvm_prf_bits won't be used in PGO, set dummy value here */
+    prof_header.num_prof_bitmaps = 0;
+    prof_header.bitmap_delta = 0;
 
     if (!is_little_endian()) {
         aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.magic);
         aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.version);
         aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.num_prof_data);
         aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.num_prof_counters);
+        aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.num_prof_bitmaps);
         aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.names_size);
         aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.counters_delta);
+        aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.bitmap_delta);
         aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_header.value_kind_last);
     }
 
@@ -4912,19 +5035,23 @@ aot_dump_pgo_prof_data_to_buf(AOTModuleInstance *module_inst, char *buf,
             prof_data_64->func_md5 = prof_data->func_md5;
             prof_data_64->func_hash = prof_data->func_hash;
             prof_data_64->offset_counters = prof_data->offset_counters;
+            prof_data_64->offset_bitmaps = prof_data->offset_bitmaps;
             prof_data_64->func_ptr = prof_data->func_ptr;
             prof_data_64->values = (uint64)(uintptr_t)prof_data->values;
             prof_data_64->num_counters = prof_data->num_counters;
+            /* __llvm_prf_bits won't be used in PGO, set dummy value here */
+            prof_data_64->num_bitmaps = 0;
             prof_data_64->num_value_sites[0] = prof_data->num_value_sites[0];
             prof_data_64->num_value_sites[1] = prof_data->num_value_sites[1];
 
             if (!is_little_endian()) {
                 aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->func_hash);
                 aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->offset_counters);
-                aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->offset_counters);
+                aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->offset_bitmaps);
                 aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->func_ptr);
                 aot_exchange_uint64((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->values);
                 aot_exchange_uint32((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->num_counters);
+                aot_exchange_uint32((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->num_bitmaps);
                 aot_exchange_uint16((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->num_value_sites[0]);
                 aot_exchange_uint16((uint8 *)&prof_data_64->num_value_sites[1]);
             }

core/iwasm/aot/aot_runtime.h

@@ -125,6 +125,8 @@ typedef struct AOTModuleInstanceExtra {
      */
     DefPointer(uint8 *, shared_heap_base_addr_adj);
     MemBound shared_heap_start_off;
+    MemBound shared_heap_end_off;
+    DefPointer(WASMSharedHeap *, shared_heap);
 
     WASMModuleInstanceExtraCommon common;
 
@@ -142,9 +144,6 @@ typedef struct AOTModuleInstanceExtra {
     WASMModuleInstanceCommon **import_func_module_insts;
 #endif
 
-#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap;
-#endif
 } AOTModuleInstanceExtra;
 
 #if defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_64) || defined(BUILD_TARGET_AMD_64)
@@ -437,6 +436,9 @@ typedef struct AOTFrame {
 } AOTFrame;
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_STATIC_PGO != 0
+/* The bitmaps fields in LLVMProfileRawHeader, LLVMProfileData,
+ * LLVMProfileData_64 all dummy fields, it's used in MC/DC code coverage
+ * instead of PGO. See https://llvm.org/docs/InstrProfileFormat.html#bitmap */
 typedef struct LLVMProfileRawHeader {
     uint64 magic;
     uint64 version;
@@ -445,8 +447,11 @@ typedef struct LLVMProfileRawHeader {
     uint64 padding_bytes_before_counters;
     uint64 num_prof_counters;
     uint64 padding_bytes_after_counters;
+    uint64 num_prof_bitmaps;
+    uint64 padding_bytes_after_bitmaps;
     uint64 names_size;
     uint64 counters_delta;
+    uint64 bitmap_delta;
     uint64 names_delta;
     uint64 value_kind_last;
 } LLVMProfileRawHeader;
@@ -464,10 +469,12 @@ typedef struct LLVMProfileData {
     uint64 func_md5;
     uint64 func_hash;
     uint64 offset_counters;
+    uint64 offset_bitmaps;
     uintptr_t func_ptr;
     ValueProfNode **values;
     uint32 num_counters;
     uint16 num_value_sites[2];
+    uint32 num_bitmaps;
 } LLVMProfileData;
 
 /* The profiling data for writing to the output file, the width of
@@ -477,10 +484,12 @@ typedef struct LLVMProfileData_64 {
     uint64 func_md5;
     uint64 func_hash;
     uint64 offset_counters;
+    uint64 offset_bitmaps;
     uint64 func_ptr;
     uint64 values;
     uint32 num_counters;
     uint16 num_value_sites[2];
+    uint32 num_bitmaps;
 } LLVMProfileData_64;
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_STATIC_PGO != 0 */
 
@@ -777,12 +786,12 @@ aot_frame_update_profile_info(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, bool alloc_frame);
 bool
 aot_create_call_stack(struct WASMExecEnv *exec_env);
 
-#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
 uint32
-aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+aot_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                    const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                    uint32_t error_buf_size);
-#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK
+#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
 
 /**
  * @brief Dump wasm call stack or get the size

core/iwasm/common/gc/gc_type.c

@@ -1145,7 +1145,7 @@ wasm_reftype_is_subtype_of(uint8 type1, const WASMRefType *ref_type1,
                 return true;
             else {
                 int32 heap_type = ref_type1->ref_ht_common.heap_type;
-                // We dont care whether type2 is nullable or not. So
+                // We don't care whether type2 is nullable or not. So
                 // we normalize it into its related one-byte type.
                 if (type2 == REF_TYPE_HT_NULLABLE
                     || type2 == REF_TYPE_HT_NON_NULLABLE) {

core/iwasm/common/wasm_loader_common.c

@@ -225,3 +225,18 @@ read_leb(uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, uint32 maxbits, bool sign,
             return false;
     }
 }
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+void
+destroy_init_expr_recursive(InitializerExpression *expr)
+{
+    if (expr == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (is_expr_binary_op(expr->init_expr_type)) {
+        destroy_init_expr_recursive(expr->u.binary.l_expr);
+        destroy_init_expr_recursive(expr->u.binary.r_expr);
+    }
+    wasm_runtime_free(expr);
+}
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0 */

core/iwasm/common/wasm_loader_common.h

@@ -50,6 +50,11 @@ void
 wasm_loader_set_error_buf(char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size,
                           const char *string, bool is_aot);
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+void
+destroy_init_expr_recursive(InitializerExpression *expr);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

core/iwasm/common/wasm_memory.c

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ is_bounds_checks_enabled(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst)
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
 static void *
-wasm_mmap_linear_memory(uint64_t map_size, uint64 commit_size);
+wasm_mmap_linear_memory(uint64 map_size, uint64 commit_size);
 static void
 wasm_munmap_linear_memory(void *mapped_mem, uint64 commit_size,
                           uint64 map_size);
@@ -177,19 +177,33 @@ wasm_runtime_create_shared_heap(SharedHeapInitArgs *init_args)
         goto fail1;
     }
 
-    if (!(heap->heap_handle =
-              runtime_malloc(mem_allocator_get_heap_struct_size()))) {
+    size = align_uint(size, os_getpagesize());
+    if (size > APP_HEAP_SIZE_MAX || size < APP_HEAP_SIZE_MIN) {
+        LOG_WARNING("Invalid size of shared heap");
         goto fail2;
     }
 
-    size = align_uint(size, os_getpagesize());
     heap->size = size;
     heap->start_off_mem64 = UINT64_MAX - heap->size + 1;
     heap->start_off_mem32 = UINT32_MAX - heap->size + 1;
+    heap->attached_count = 0;
 
-    if (size > APP_HEAP_SIZE_MAX || size < APP_HEAP_SIZE_MIN) {
-        LOG_WARNING("Invalid size of shared heap");
-        goto fail3;
+    if (init_args->pre_allocated_addr != NULL) {
+        /* Create shared heap from a pre allocated buffer, its size need to
+         * align with system page */
+        if (size != init_args->size) {
+            LOG_WARNING("Pre allocated size need to be aligned with system "
+                        "page size to create shared heap");
+            goto fail2;
+        }
+
+        heap->heap_handle = NULL;
+        heap->base_addr = init_args->pre_allocated_addr;
+    }
+    else {
+        if (!(heap->heap_handle =
+                  runtime_malloc(mem_allocator_get_heap_struct_size()))) {
+            goto fail2;
         }
 
 #ifndef OS_ENABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK
@@ -211,6 +225,7 @@ wasm_runtime_create_shared_heap(SharedHeapInitArgs *init_args)
             LOG_WARNING("init share heap failed");
             goto fail4;
         }
+    }
 
     os_mutex_lock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
     if (shared_heap_list == NULL) {
@@ -233,6 +248,219 @@ fail1:
     return NULL;
 }
 
+WASMSharedHeap *
+wasm_runtime_chain_shared_heaps(WASMSharedHeap *head, WASMSharedHeap *body)
+{
+    WASMSharedHeap *cur;
+    bool heap_handle_exist = false;
+
+    if (!head || !body) {
+        LOG_WARNING("Invalid shared heap to chain.");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    heap_handle_exist = head->heap_handle != NULL;
+
+    os_mutex_lock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+    if (head->attached_count != 0 || body->attached_count != 0) {
+        LOG_WARNING("To create shared heap chain, all shared heap need to be "
+                    "detached first.");
+        os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    for (cur = shared_heap_list; cur; cur = cur->next) {
+        if (cur->chain_next == body || cur->chain_next == head) {
+            LOG_WARNING(
+                "To create shared heap chain, both the 'head' and 'body' "
+                "shared heap can't already be the 'body' in another a chain");
+            os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (cur == head && cur->chain_next) {
+            LOG_WARNING(
+                "To create shared heap chain, the 'head' shared heap can't "
+                "already be the 'head' in another a chain");
+            os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    for (cur = body; cur; cur = cur->chain_next) {
+        if (cur->heap_handle && heap_handle_exist) {
+            LOG_WARNING(
+                "To create shared heap chain, only one of shared heap can "
+                "dynamically shared_heap_malloc and shared_heap_free, the rest "
+                "can only be pre-allocated shared heap");
+            os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if (cur->heap_handle)
+            heap_handle_exist = true;
+    }
+
+    head->start_off_mem64 = body->start_off_mem64 - head->size;
+    head->start_off_mem32 = body->start_off_mem32 - head->size;
+    head->chain_next = body;
+    os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+    return head;
+}
+
+WASMSharedHeap *
+wasm_runtime_unchain_shared_heaps(WASMSharedHeap *head, bool entire_chain)
+{
+    WASMSharedHeap *cur, *tmp;
+
+    if (!head || !head->chain_next) {
+        LOG_WARNING("Invalid shared heap chain to disconnect the head from.");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    os_mutex_lock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+    if (head->attached_count != 0) {
+        LOG_WARNING("To disconnect the shared heap head from the shared heap "
+                    "chain, the shared heap chain needs to be detached first.");
+        os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    cur = head;
+    while (cur && cur->chain_next) {
+        cur->start_off_mem64 = UINT64_MAX - cur->size + 1;
+        cur->start_off_mem32 = UINT32_MAX - cur->size + 1;
+        tmp = cur;
+        cur = cur->chain_next;
+        tmp->chain_next = NULL;
+        if (!entire_chain)
+            break;
+    }
+    os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+    return cur;
+}
+
+static uint8 *
+get_last_used_shared_heap_base_addr_adj(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst)
+{
+#if WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0
+    if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_Bytecode) {
+        WASMModuleInstanceExtra *e =
+            (WASMModuleInstanceExtra *)((WASMModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+        return e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj;
+    }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0 */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0
+    if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_AoT) {
+        AOTModuleInstanceExtra *e =
+            (AOTModuleInstanceExtra *)((AOTModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+        return e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj;
+    }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0 */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static uintptr_t
+get_last_used_shared_heap_start_offset(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst)
+{
+#if WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0
+    if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_Bytecode) {
+        WASMModuleInstanceExtra *e =
+            (WASMModuleInstanceExtra *)((WASMModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+        return e->shared_heap_start_off.u64;
+#else
+        return e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0];
+#endif
+    }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0 */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0
+    if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_AoT) {
+        AOTModuleInstanceExtra *e =
+            (AOTModuleInstanceExtra *)((AOTModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+        return e->shared_heap_start_off.u64;
+#else
+        return e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0];
+#endif
+    }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0 */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static uintptr_t
+get_last_used_shared_heap_end_offset(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst)
+{
+#if WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0
+    if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_Bytecode) {
+        WASMModuleInstanceExtra *e =
+            (WASMModuleInstanceExtra *)((WASMModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+        return e->shared_heap_end_off.u64;
+#else
+        return e->shared_heap_end_off.u32[0];
+#endif
+    }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0 */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0
+    if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_AoT) {
+        AOTModuleInstanceExtra *e =
+            (AOTModuleInstanceExtra *)((AOTModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+        return e->shared_heap_end_off.u64;
+#else
+        return e->shared_heap_end_off.u32[0];
+#endif
+    }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0 */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+update_last_used_shared_heap(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
+                             WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap, bool is_memory64)
+{
+#if WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0
+    if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_Bytecode) {
+        WASMModuleInstanceExtra *e =
+            (WASMModuleInstanceExtra *)((WASMModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+        if (is_memory64)
+            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = shared_heap->start_off_mem64;
+        else
+            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
+        e->shared_heap_end_off.u64 =
+            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 - 1 + shared_heap->size;
+        e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
+            shared_heap->base_addr - e->shared_heap_start_off.u64;
+#else
+        e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] = (uint32)shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
+        e->shared_heap_end_off.u32[0] =
+            e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] - 1 + shared_heap->size;
+        e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
+            shared_heap->base_addr - e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0];
+#endif
+    }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0 */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0
+    if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_AoT) {
+        AOTModuleInstanceExtra *e =
+            (AOTModuleInstanceExtra *)((AOTModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+        if (is_memory64)
+            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = shared_heap->start_off_mem64;
+        else
+            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
+        e->shared_heap_end_off.u64 =
+            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 - 1 + shared_heap->size;
+        e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
+            shared_heap->base_addr - e->shared_heap_start_off.u64;
+#else
+        e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] = (uint32)shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
+        e->shared_heap_end_off.u32[0] =
+            e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] - 1 + shared_heap->size;
+        e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
+            shared_heap->base_addr - e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0];
+#endif
+    }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0 */
+}
+
 bool
 wasm_runtime_attach_shared_heap_internal(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
                                          WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap)
@@ -263,20 +491,6 @@ wasm_runtime_attach_shared_heap_internal(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
             return false;
         }
         e->shared_heap = shared_heap;
-#if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0
-#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
-        if (memory->is_memory64)
-            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = shared_heap->start_off_mem64;
-        else
-            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
-        e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
-            shared_heap->base_addr - e->shared_heap_start_off.u64;
-#else
-        e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] = (uint32)shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
-        e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
-            shared_heap->base_addr - e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0];
-#endif
-#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 */
     }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0 */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0
@@ -288,21 +502,13 @@ wasm_runtime_attach_shared_heap_internal(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
             return false;
         }
         e->shared_heap = shared_heap;
-#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
-        if (memory->is_memory64)
-            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = shared_heap->start_off_mem64;
-        else
-            e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
-        e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
-            shared_heap->base_addr - e->shared_heap_start_off.u64;
-#else
-        e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] = (uint32)shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
-        e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
-            shared_heap->base_addr - e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0];
-#endif
     }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0 */
+    update_last_used_shared_heap(module_inst, shared_heap, memory->is_memory64);
 
+    os_mutex_lock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+    shared_heap->attached_count++;
+    os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -320,30 +526,46 @@ wasm_runtime_attach_shared_heap(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
 void
 wasm_runtime_detach_shared_heap_internal(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst)
 {
+    /* Reset shared_heap_end_off = UINT64/32_MAX - 1 to handling a corner case,
+      app_offset >= shared_heap_start && app_offset <= shared_heap_end-bytes+1
+      when bytes=1 and both e->shared_heap_start_off and e->shared_heap_end_off
+      is 0xffffffff */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0
     if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_Bytecode) {
         WASMModuleInstanceExtra *e =
             (WASMModuleInstanceExtra *)((WASMModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+        if (e->shared_heap != NULL) {
+            os_mutex_lock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+            e->shared_heap->attached_count--;
+            os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+        }
         e->shared_heap = NULL;
-#if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0
 #if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
         e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = UINT64_MAX;
+        e->shared_heap_end_off.u64 = UINT64_MAX - 1;
 #else
         e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] = UINT32_MAX;
+        e->shared_heap_end_off.u32[0] = UINT32_MAX - 1;
 #endif
         e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj = NULL;
-#endif
     }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0 */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_AOT != 0
     if (module_inst->module_type == Wasm_Module_AoT) {
         AOTModuleInstanceExtra *e =
             (AOTModuleInstanceExtra *)((AOTModuleInstance *)module_inst)->e;
+        if (e->shared_heap != NULL) {
+            os_mutex_lock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+            e->shared_heap->attached_count--;
+            os_mutex_unlock(&shared_heap_list_lock);
+        }
         e->shared_heap = NULL;
 #if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
         e->shared_heap_start_off.u64 = UINT64_MAX;
+        e->shared_heap_end_off.u64 = UINT64_MAX - 1;
 #else
         e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] = UINT32_MAX;
+        e->shared_heap_end_off.u32[0] = UINT32_MAX - 1;
 #endif
         e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj = NULL;
     }
@@ -385,71 +607,93 @@ wasm_runtime_get_shared_heap(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst_comm)
     return get_shared_heap(module_inst_comm);
 }
 
-static bool
+bool
 is_app_addr_in_shared_heap(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
                            bool is_memory64, uint64 app_offset, uint32 bytes)
 {
-    WASMSharedHeap *heap = get_shared_heap(module_inst);
+    WASMSharedHeap *heap = get_shared_heap(module_inst), *cur;
+    uint64 shared_heap_start, shared_heap_end;
 
     if (!heap) {
-        return false;
+        goto fail;
     }
 
     if (bytes == 0) {
         bytes = 1;
     }
 
-    if (!is_memory64) {
-        if (app_offset >= heap->start_off_mem32
-            && app_offset <= UINT32_MAX - bytes + 1) {
+    shared_heap_start =
+        (uint64)get_last_used_shared_heap_start_offset(module_inst);
+    shared_heap_end = (uint64)get_last_used_shared_heap_end_offset(module_inst);
+    if (bytes - 1 <= shared_heap_end && app_offset >= shared_heap_start
+        && app_offset <= shared_heap_end - bytes + 1) {
         return true;
     }
+
+    /* Early stop for app start address not in the shared heap(chain) at all */
+    shared_heap_start =
+        is_memory64 ? heap->start_off_mem64 : heap->start_off_mem32;
+    shared_heap_end = is_memory64 ? UINT64_MAX : UINT32_MAX;
+    if (bytes - 1 > shared_heap_end || app_offset < shared_heap_start
+        || app_offset > shared_heap_end - bytes + 1) {
+        goto fail;
     }
-    else {
-        if (app_offset >= heap->start_off_mem64
-            && app_offset <= UINT64_MAX - bytes + 1) {
+
+    /* Find the exact shared heap that app addr is in, and update last used
+     * shared heap info in module inst extra */
+    for (cur = heap; cur; cur = cur->chain_next) {
+        shared_heap_start =
+            is_memory64 ? cur->start_off_mem64 : cur->start_off_mem32;
+        shared_heap_end = shared_heap_start - 1 + cur->size;
+        if (bytes - 1 <= shared_heap_end && app_offset >= shared_heap_start
+            && app_offset <= shared_heap_end - bytes + 1) {
+            update_last_used_shared_heap(module_inst, cur, is_memory64);
             return true;
         }
     }
 
+fail:
     return false;
 }
 
 static bool
 is_native_addr_in_shared_heap(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
-                              uint8 *addr, uint32 bytes)
+                              bool is_memory64, uint8 *addr, uint32 bytes)
 {
-    WASMSharedHeap *heap = get_shared_heap(module_inst);
-    uintptr_t base_addr;
-    uintptr_t addr_int;
-    uintptr_t end_addr;
+    WASMSharedHeap *cur, *heap = get_shared_heap(module_inst);
+    uintptr_t base_addr, addr_int, end_addr;
 
     if (!heap) {
-        return false;
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    base_addr = (uintptr_t)heap->base_addr;
+    /* Iterate through shared heap chain to find whether native addr in one of
+     * shared heap */
+    for (cur = heap; cur != NULL; cur = cur->chain_next) {
+        base_addr = (uintptr_t)cur->base_addr;
         addr_int = (uintptr_t)addr;
-    if (addr_int < base_addr) {
-        return false;
-    }
+        if (addr_int < base_addr)
+            continue;
 
         end_addr = addr_int + bytes;
         /* Check for overflow */
-    if (end_addr <= addr_int) {
-        return false;
-    }
+        if (end_addr <= addr_int)
+            continue;
 
-    if (end_addr > base_addr + heap->size) {
-        return false;
-    }
+        if (end_addr > base_addr + cur->size)
+            continue;
 
+        update_last_used_shared_heap(module_inst, cur, is_memory64);
         return true;
+    }
+
+fail:
+    return false;
 }
 
 uint64
 wasm_runtime_shared_heap_malloc(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
-                                uint64_t size, void **p_native_addr)
+                                uint64 size, void **p_native_addr)
 {
     WASMMemoryInstance *memory =
         wasm_get_default_memory((WASMModuleInstance *)module_inst);
@@ -459,6 +703,14 @@ wasm_runtime_shared_heap_malloc(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
     if (!memory || !shared_heap)
         return 0;
 
+    while (shared_heap && !shared_heap->heap_handle) {
+        shared_heap = shared_heap->chain_next;
+    }
+    if (!shared_heap) {
+        LOG_WARNING("Can't allocate from pre allocated shared heap");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     native_addr = mem_allocator_malloc(shared_heap->heap_handle, size);
     if (!native_addr)
         return 0;
@@ -467,11 +719,9 @@ wasm_runtime_shared_heap_malloc(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
         *p_native_addr = native_addr;
     }
 
-    if (memory->is_memory64)
-        return shared_heap->start_off_mem64
-               + ((uint8 *)native_addr - shared_heap->base_addr);
-    else
-        return shared_heap->start_off_mem32
+    return memory->is_memory64
+               ? shared_heap->start_off_mem64
+               : shared_heap->start_off_mem32
                      + ((uint8 *)native_addr - shared_heap->base_addr);
 }
 
@@ -487,6 +737,14 @@ wasm_runtime_shared_heap_free(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst, uint64 ptr)
         return;
     }
 
+    while (shared_heap && !shared_heap->heap_handle) {
+        shared_heap = shared_heap->chain_next;
+    }
+    if (!shared_heap) {
+        LOG_WARNING("The address to free is from pre allocated shared heap");
+        return;
+    }
+
     if (memory->is_memory64) {
         if (ptr < shared_heap->start_off_mem64) { /* ptr can not > UINT64_MAX */
             LOG_WARNING("The address to free isn't in shared heap");
@@ -564,6 +822,7 @@ destroy_shared_heaps()
     while (heap) {
         cur = heap;
         heap = heap->next;
+        if (cur->heap_handle) {
             mem_allocator_destroy(cur->heap_handle);
             wasm_runtime_free(cur->heap_handle);
 #ifndef OS_ENABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK
@@ -572,6 +831,7 @@ destroy_shared_heaps()
             map_size = 8 * (uint64)BH_GB;
 #endif
             wasm_munmap_linear_memory(cur->base_addr, cur->size, map_size);
+        }
         wasm_runtime_free(cur);
     }
     os_mutex_destroy(&shared_heap_list_lock);
@@ -798,6 +1058,10 @@ wasm_runtime_validate_app_str_addr(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst_comm,
     WASMMemoryInstance *memory_inst;
     uint64 app_end_offset, max_linear_memory_size = MAX_LINEAR_MEMORY_SIZE;
     char *str, *str_end;
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+    uintptr_t shared_heap_end_off;
+    char *shared_heap_base_addr_adj;
+#endif
 
     bh_assert(module_inst_comm->module_type == Wasm_Module_Bytecode
               || module_inst_comm->module_type == Wasm_Module_AoT);
@@ -814,12 +1078,12 @@ wasm_runtime_validate_app_str_addr(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst_comm,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
     if (is_app_addr_in_shared_heap(module_inst_comm, memory_inst->is_memory64,
                                    app_str_offset, 1)) {
-        WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap = get_shared_heap(module_inst_comm);
-        str = (char *)shared_heap->base_addr
-              + (memory_inst->is_memory64
-                     ? (app_str_offset - shared_heap->start_off_mem64)
-                     : (app_str_offset - shared_heap->start_off_mem32));
-        str_end = (char *)shared_heap->base_addr + shared_heap->size;
+        shared_heap_end_off =
+            get_last_used_shared_heap_end_offset(module_inst_comm);
+        shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
+            (char *)get_last_used_shared_heap_base_addr_adj(module_inst_comm);
+        str = shared_heap_base_addr_adj + app_str_offset;
+        str_end = shared_heap_base_addr_adj + shared_heap_end_off + 1;
     }
     else
 #endif
@@ -884,7 +1148,8 @@ wasm_runtime_validate_native_addr(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst_comm,
     }
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    if (is_native_addr_in_shared_heap(module_inst_comm, native_ptr, size)) {
+    if (is_native_addr_in_shared_heap(
+            module_inst_comm, memory_inst->is_memory64, native_ptr, size)) {
         return true;
     }
 #endif
@@ -926,17 +1191,8 @@ wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst_comm,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
     if (is_app_addr_in_shared_heap(module_inst_comm, memory_inst->is_memory64,
                                    app_offset, 1)) {
-        WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap = get_shared_heap(module_inst_comm);
-        uint64 shared_heap_start = 0;
-
-        if (memory_inst && !memory_inst->is_memory64) {
-            shared_heap_start = shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
-        }
-        else if (memory_inst && memory_inst->is_memory64) {
-            shared_heap_start = shared_heap->start_off_mem64;
-        }
-
-        return shared_heap->base_addr + app_offset - shared_heap_start;
+        return get_last_used_shared_heap_base_addr_adj(module_inst_comm)
+               + app_offset;
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -974,29 +1230,17 @@ wasm_runtime_addr_native_to_app(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst_comm,
 
     bounds_checks = is_bounds_checks_enabled(module_inst_comm);
 
-#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    /* If shared heap is enabled, bounds check is always needed */
-    bounds_checks = true;
-#endif
-
     memory_inst = wasm_get_default_memory(module_inst);
     if (!memory_inst) {
         return 0;
     }
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    if (is_native_addr_in_shared_heap(module_inst_comm, addr, 1)) {
-        WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap = get_shared_heap(module_inst_comm);
-        uint64 shared_heap_start = 0;
-
-        if (memory_inst && !memory_inst->is_memory64) {
-            shared_heap_start = shared_heap->start_off_mem32;
-        }
-        else if (memory_inst && memory_inst->is_memory64) {
-            shared_heap_start = shared_heap->start_off_mem64;
-        }
-
-        return shared_heap_start + (addr - shared_heap->base_addr);
+    if (is_native_addr_in_shared_heap(module_inst_comm,
+                                      memory_inst->is_memory64, addr, 1)) {
+        return (uint64)(uintptr_t)(addr
+                                   - get_last_used_shared_heap_base_addr_adj(
+                                       module_inst_comm));
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -1098,8 +1342,8 @@ wasm_check_app_addr_and_convert(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst, bool is_str,
     uint8 *native_addr;
     bool bounds_checks;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap;
-    bool is_in_shared_heap = false;
+    uint8 *shared_heap_base_addr_adj = NULL;
+    uintptr_t shared_heap_end_off = 0;
 #endif
 
     bh_assert(app_buf_addr <= UINTPTR_MAX && app_buf_size <= UINTPTR_MAX);
@@ -1113,36 +1357,17 @@ wasm_check_app_addr_and_convert(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst, bool is_str,
     if (is_app_addr_in_shared_heap((WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)module_inst,
                                    memory_inst->is_memory64, app_buf_addr,
                                    app_buf_size)) {
-        shared_heap = get_shared_heap((WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)module_inst);
-        native_addr = shared_heap->base_addr
-                      + (memory_inst->is_memory64
-                             ? (app_buf_addr - shared_heap->start_off_mem64)
-                             : (app_buf_addr - shared_heap->start_off_mem32));
-        is_in_shared_heap = true;
-    }
-    else
-#endif
-    {
-        native_addr = memory_inst->memory_data + (uintptr_t)app_buf_addr;
-    }
-
-    bounds_checks =
-        is_bounds_checks_enabled((WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)module_inst);
-
-    if (!bounds_checks) {
-        if (app_buf_addr == 0) {
-            native_addr = NULL;
-        }
-        goto success;
-    }
-
-#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    if (is_in_shared_heap) {
         const char *str, *str_end;
+        shared_heap_base_addr_adj = get_last_used_shared_heap_base_addr_adj(
+            (WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)module_inst);
+        shared_heap_end_off = get_last_used_shared_heap_end_offset(
+            (WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)module_inst);
+        native_addr = shared_heap_base_addr_adj + (uintptr_t)app_buf_addr;
 
-        /* The whole string must be in the linear memory */
+        /* The whole string must be in the shared heap */
         str = (const char *)native_addr;
-        str_end = (const char *)shared_heap->base_addr + shared_heap->size;
+        str_end =
+            (const char *)shared_heap_base_addr_adj + shared_heap_end_off + 1;
         while (str < str_end && *str != '\0')
             str++;
         if (str == str_end) {
@@ -1154,6 +1379,17 @@ wasm_check_app_addr_and_convert(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst, bool is_str,
     }
 #endif
 
+    native_addr = memory_inst->memory_data + (uintptr_t)app_buf_addr;
+    bounds_checks =
+        is_bounds_checks_enabled((WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)module_inst);
+
+    if (!bounds_checks) {
+        if (app_buf_addr == 0) {
+            native_addr = NULL;
+        }
+        goto success;
+    }
+
     /* No need to check the app_offset and buf_size if memory access
        boundary check with hardware trap is enabled */
 #ifndef OS_ENABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK

core/iwasm/common/wasm_memory.h

@@ -41,10 +41,60 @@ SET_LINEAR_MEMORY_SIZE(WASMMemoryInstance *memory, uint64 size)
 #define SET_LINEAR_MEMORY_SIZE(memory, size) memory->memory_data_size = size
 #endif
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MEMORY != 0
+/* Only enable shared heap for the default memory */
+#define is_default_memory (memidx == 0)
+#else
+#define is_default_memory true
+#endif
+
+#if UINTPTR_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+#define get_shared_heap_end_off() module->e->shared_heap_end_off.u64
+#else
+#define get_shared_heap_end_off() \
+    (uint64)(module->e->shared_heap_end_off.u32[0])
+#endif
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 != 0
+#define shared_heap_is_memory64 is_memory64
+#else
+#define shared_heap_is_memory64 false
+#endif
+
+#define app_addr_in_shared_heap(app_addr, bytes)                              \
+    (is_default_memory                                                        \
+     && is_app_addr_in_shared_heap((WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)module,        \
+                                   shared_heap_is_memory64, (uint64)app_addr, \
+                                   bytes))
+#define shared_heap_addr_app_to_native(app_addr, native_addr) \
+    native_addr = module->e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj + app_addr
+#define CHECK_SHARED_HEAP_OVERFLOW(app_addr, bytes, native_addr) \
+    if (app_addr_in_shared_heap(app_addr, bytes))                \
+        shared_heap_addr_app_to_native(app_addr, native_addr);   \
+    else
+
+#else /* else of WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0 */
+#define CHECK_SHARED_HEAP_OVERFLOW(app_addr, bytes, native_addr)
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0 */
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_INTERP != 0 */
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+bool
+is_app_addr_in_shared_heap(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
+                           bool is_memory64, uint64 app_offset, uint32 bytes);
+
 WASMSharedHeap *
 wasm_runtime_create_shared_heap(SharedHeapInitArgs *init_args);
 
+WASMSharedHeap *
+wasm_runtime_chain_shared_heaps(WASMSharedHeap *head, WASMSharedHeap *body);
+
+WASMSharedHeap *
+wasm_runtime_unchain_shared_heaps(WASMSharedHeap *head, bool entire_chain);
+
 bool
 wasm_runtime_attach_shared_heap(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
                                 WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap);
@@ -68,7 +118,7 @@ wasm_runtime_shared_heap_malloc(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
 void
 wasm_runtime_shared_heap_free(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
                               uint64 ptr);
-#endif
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0 */
 
 bool
 wasm_runtime_memory_init(mem_alloc_type_t mem_alloc_type,

core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.c

@@ -1743,9 +1743,9 @@ wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(WASMExecEnv *exec_env)
     wasm_exec_env_destroy(exec_env);
 }
 
-#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
 uint32
-wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                     const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                     uint32_t error_buf_size)
 {
@@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@ wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
     strncpy(error_buf, err_msg, error_buf_size);
     return 0;
 }
-#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK
+#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
 
 bool
 wasm_runtime_init_thread_env(void)
@@ -7883,3 +7883,37 @@ wasm_runtime_is_underlying_binary_freeable(WASMModuleCommon *const module)
 
     return true;
 }
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+bool
+wasm_runtime_check_and_update_last_used_shared_heap(
+    WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst, uintptr_t app_offset, size_t bytes,
+    uintptr_t *shared_heap_start_off_p, uintptr_t *shared_heap_end_off_p,
+    uint8 **shared_heap_base_addr_adj_p, bool is_memory64)
+{
+    WASMSharedHeap *heap = wasm_runtime_get_shared_heap(module_inst), *cur;
+    uint64 shared_heap_start, shared_heap_end;
+
+    if (bytes == 0) {
+        bytes = 1;
+    }
+
+    /* Find the exact shared heap that app addr is in, and update last used
+     * shared heap info in func context */
+    for (cur = heap; cur; cur = cur->chain_next) {
+        shared_heap_start =
+            is_memory64 ? cur->start_off_mem64 : cur->start_off_mem32;
+        shared_heap_end = shared_heap_start - 1 + cur->size;
+        if (bytes - 1 <= shared_heap_end && app_offset >= shared_heap_start
+            && app_offset <= shared_heap_end - bytes + 1) {
+            *shared_heap_start_off_p = (uintptr_t)shared_heap_start;
+            *shared_heap_end_off_p = (uintptr_t)shared_heap_end;
+            *shared_heap_base_addr_adj_p =
+                cur->base_addr - (uintptr_t)shared_heap_start;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+#endif

core/iwasm/common/wasm_runtime_common.h

@@ -758,12 +758,12 @@ wasm_runtime_create_exec_env(WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst,
 WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN void
 wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(WASMExecEnv *exec_env);
 
-#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
 WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN uint32_t
-wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                     const uint32 length, const uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                     uint32 error_buf_size);
-#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK
+#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
 
 /* See wasm_export.h for description */
 WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN WASMModuleInstanceCommon *
@@ -1336,6 +1336,14 @@ void
 wasm_runtime_set_linux_perf(bool flag);
 #endif
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+bool
+wasm_runtime_check_and_update_last_used_shared_heap(
+    WASMModuleInstanceCommon *module_inst, uintptr_t app_offset, size_t bytes,
+    uintptr_t *shared_heap_start_off_p, uintptr_t *shared_heap_end_off_p,
+    uint8 **shared_heap_base_addr_adj_p, bool is_memory64);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

core/iwasm/compilation/aot_emit_aot_file.c

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ typedef struct AOTSymbolList {
 } AOTSymbolList;
 
 /* AOT object data */
-typedef struct AOTObjectData {
+struct AOTObjectData {
     AOTCompContext *comp_ctx;
 
     LLVMMemoryBufferRef mem_buf;
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ typedef struct AOTObjectData {
     const char *stack_sizes_section_name;
     uint32 stack_sizes_offset;
     uint32 *stack_sizes;
-} AOTObjectData;
+};
 
 #if 0
 static void dump_buf(uint8 *buf, uint32 size, char *title)
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ get_init_expr_size(const AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, const AOTCompData *comp_data,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
     WASMModule *module = comp_data->wasm_module;
 #endif
-
+    bh_assert(expr != NULL);
     /* + init value size */
     switch (expr->init_expr_type) {
         case INIT_EXPR_NONE:
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ get_init_expr_size(const AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, const AOTCompData *comp_data,
         {
             uint32 i;
             WASMStructNewInitValues *struct_new_init_values =
-                (WASMStructNewInitValues *)expr->u.data;
+                (WASMStructNewInitValues *)expr->u.unary.v.data;
 
             /* type_index + field_count + fields */
             size += sizeof(uint32) + sizeof(uint32);
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ get_init_expr_size(const AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, const AOTCompData *comp_data,
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_FIXED:
         {
             WASMArrayNewInitValues *array_new_init_values =
-                (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)expr->u.data;
+                (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)expr->u.unary.v.data;
             WASMArrayType *array_type = NULL;
             uint32 value_count;
 
@@ -302,12 +302,27 @@ get_init_expr_size(const AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, const AOTCompData *comp_data,
 
             /* array_elem_type + type_index + len + elems */
             size += sizeof(uint32) * 3
-                    + wasm_value_type_size_internal(array_type->elem_type,
-                                                    comp_ctx->pointer_size)
+                    + (uint64)wasm_value_type_size_internal(
+                          array_type->elem_type, comp_ctx->pointer_size)
                           * value_count;
             break;
         }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+        {
+            size +=
+                get_init_expr_size(comp_ctx, comp_data, expr->u.binary.l_expr);
+            size +=
+                get_init_expr_size(comp_ctx, comp_data, expr->u.binary.r_expr);
+            break;
+        }
+#endif
         default:
             bh_assert(0);
     }
@@ -324,15 +339,16 @@ get_table_init_data_size(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx,
     /*
      * mode (4 bytes), elem_type (4 bytes)
      *
-     * table_index(4 bytes) + init expr type (4 bytes) + init expr value (8
-     * bytes)
+     * table_index(4 bytes)
      */
-    size = (uint32)(sizeof(uint32) * 2 + sizeof(uint32) + sizeof(uint32)
-                    + sizeof(uint64))
+    size = (uint32)(sizeof(uint32) * 2 + sizeof(uint32))
            /* Size of WasmRefType - inner padding (ref type + nullable +
               heap_type) */
            + 8;
 
+    size += get_init_expr_size(comp_ctx, comp_ctx->comp_data,
+                               &table_init_data->offset);
+
     /* + value count/func index count (4 bytes) + init_values */
     size += sizeof(uint32);
     for (i = 0; i < table_init_data->value_count; i++) {
@@ -1811,6 +1827,10 @@ static bool
 aot_emit_init_expr(uint8 *buf, uint8 *buf_end, uint32 *p_offset,
                    AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, InitializerExpression *expr)
 {
+    if (expr == NULL) {
+        aot_set_last_error("invalid init expr.");
+        return false;
+    }
     uint32 offset = *p_offset;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
     WASMModule *module = comp_ctx->comp_data->wasm_module;
@@ -1824,31 +1844,31 @@ aot_emit_init_expr(uint8 *buf, uint8 *buf_end, uint32 *p_offset,
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST:
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_F32_CONST:
-            EMIT_U32(expr->u.i32);
+            EMIT_U32(expr->u.unary.v.i32);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST:
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_F64_CONST:
-            EMIT_U64(expr->u.i64);
+            EMIT_U64(expr->u.unary.v.i64);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_V128_CONST:
-            EMIT_V128(expr->u.v128);
+            EMIT_V128(expr->u.unary.v.v128);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL:
-            EMIT_U32(expr->u.global_index);
+            EMIT_U32(expr->u.unary.v.global_index);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST:
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST:
-            EMIT_U32(expr->u.ref_index);
+            EMIT_U32(expr->u.unary.v.ref_index);
             break;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I31_NEW:
-            EMIT_U32(expr->u.i32);
+            EMIT_U32(expr->u.unary.v.i32);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW:
         {
             uint32 i;
             WASMStructNewInitValues *init_values =
-                (WASMStructNewInitValues *)expr->u.data;
+                (WASMStructNewInitValues *)expr->u.unary.v.data;
             WASMStructType *struct_type = NULL;
 
             EMIT_U32(init_values->type_idx);
@@ -1879,7 +1899,7 @@ aot_emit_init_expr(uint8 *buf, uint8 *buf_end, uint32 *p_offset,
             break;
         }
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW_DEFAULT:
-            EMIT_U32(expr->u.type_index);
+            EMIT_U32(expr->u.unary.v.type_index);
             break;
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_DEFAULT:
         {
@@ -1889,11 +1909,11 @@ aot_emit_init_expr(uint8 *buf, uint8 *buf_end, uint32 *p_offset,
                       < module->type_count);
             array_type =
                 (WASMArrayType *)
-                    module->types[expr->u.array_new_default.type_index];
+                    module->types[expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.type_index];
 
             EMIT_U32(array_type->elem_type);
-            EMIT_U32(expr->u.array_new_default.type_index);
-            EMIT_U32(expr->u.array_new_default.length);
+            EMIT_U32(expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.type_index);
+            EMIT_U32(expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.length);
             break;
         }
         case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW:
@@ -1901,7 +1921,7 @@ aot_emit_init_expr(uint8 *buf, uint8 *buf_end, uint32 *p_offset,
         {
             uint32 value_count, i, field_size;
             WASMArrayNewInitValues *init_values =
-                (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)expr->u.data;
+                (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)expr->u.unary.v.data;
             WASMArrayType *array_type = NULL;
 
             bh_assert(init_values->type_idx < module->type_count);
@@ -1933,6 +1953,25 @@ aot_emit_init_expr(uint8 *buf, uint8 *buf_end, uint32 *p_offset,
             break;
         }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+            if (comp_ctx->enable_extended_const) {
+                if (!aot_emit_init_expr(buf, buf_end, &offset, comp_ctx,
+                                        expr->u.binary.l_expr)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!aot_emit_init_expr(buf, buf_end, &offset, comp_ctx,
+                                        expr->u.binary.r_expr)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+#endif
         default:
             aot_set_last_error("invalid init expr type.");
             return false;
@@ -2034,8 +2073,10 @@ aot_emit_table_info(uint8 *buf, uint8 *buf_end, uint32 *p_offset,
         EMIT_U32(init_datas[i]->mode);
         EMIT_U32(init_datas[i]->elem_type);
         EMIT_U32(init_datas[i]->table_index);
-        EMIT_U32(init_datas[i]->offset.init_expr_type);
-        EMIT_U64(init_datas[i]->offset.u.i64);
+        if (!aot_emit_init_expr(buf, buf_end, &offset, comp_ctx,
+                                &init_datas[i]->offset))
+            return false;
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
         if (comp_ctx->enable_gc && init_datas[i]->elem_ref_type) {
             EMIT_U16(init_datas[i]->elem_ref_type->ref_ht_common.ref_type);
@@ -3378,6 +3419,12 @@ aot_resolve_object_data_sections(AOTObjectData *obj_data)
                     bh_memcpy_s(data_section->name, size, buf, size);
                     data_section->is_name_allocated = true;
                 }
+                else if (obj_data->comp_ctx->enable_llvm_pgo
+                         && !strcmp(name, "__llvm_prf_bits")) {
+                    LOG_WARNING("__llvm_prf_bits section is not supported and "
+                                "shouldn't be used in PGO.");
+                    return false;
+                }
 
                 if (obj_data->comp_ctx->enable_llvm_pgo
                     && !strcmp(name, "__llvm_prf_names")) {

core/iwasm/compilation/aot_emit_function.c

@@ -347,7 +347,8 @@ call_aot_invoke_c_api_native(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
 
     /* Get &c_api_func_imports[func_idx], note size of CApiFuncImport
        is pointer_size * 3 */
-    offset = I32_CONST((comp_ctx->pointer_size * 3) * import_func_idx);
+    offset = I32_CONST((unsigned long long)comp_ctx->pointer_size * 3
+                       * import_func_idx);
     CHECK_LLVM_CONST(offset);
     c_api_func_import =
         LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE, c_api_func_imports,

core/iwasm/compilation/aot_emit_memory.c

@@ -10,6 +10,40 @@
 #include "aot_intrinsic.h"
 #include "aot_emit_control.h"
 
+#define BUILD_IS_NOT_NULL(value, res, name)                                \
+    do {                                                                   \
+        if (!(res = LLVMBuildIsNotNull(comp_ctx->builder, value, name))) { \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build is not null failed.");          \
+            goto fail;                                                     \
+        }                                                                  \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define BUILD_BR(llvm_block)                               \
+    do {                                                   \
+        if (!LLVMBuildBr(comp_ctx->builder, llvm_block)) { \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build br failed.");   \
+            goto fail;                                     \
+        }                                                  \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define BUILD_COND_BR(value_if, block_then, block_else)               \
+    do {                                                              \
+        if (!LLVMBuildCondBr(comp_ctx->builder, value_if, block_then, \
+                             block_else)) {                           \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build cond br failed.");         \
+            goto fail;                                                \
+        }                                                             \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define BUILD_TRUNC(value, data_type)                                     \
+    do {                                                                  \
+        if (!(value = LLVMBuildTrunc(comp_ctx->builder, value, data_type, \
+                                     "val_trunc"))) {                     \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build trunc failed.");               \
+            goto fail;                                                    \
+        }                                                                 \
+    } while (0)
+
 #define BUILD_ICMP(op, left, right, res, name)                                \
     do {                                                                      \
         if (!(res =                                                           \
@@ -111,6 +145,418 @@ ffs(int n)
 static LLVMValueRef
 get_memory_curr_page_count(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx);
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+uint32
+get_module_inst_extra_offset(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx);
+
+#define BUILD_LOAD_PTR(ptr, data_type, res)                           \
+    do {                                                              \
+        if (!(res = LLVMBuildLoad2(comp_ctx->builder, data_type, ptr, \
+                                   "load_value"))) {                  \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build load failed");             \
+            goto fail;                                                \
+        }                                                             \
+    } while (0)
+
+/* Update last used shared heap info(alloc ptr) in function ctx:
+ * 1. shared_heap_start_off 2. shared_heap_end_off 3. shared_heap_base_addr_adj
+ */
+bool
+aot_check_shared_heap_chain_and_update(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx,
+                                       AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
+                                       LLVMBasicBlockRef check_succ,
+                                       LLVMValueRef start_offset,
+                                       LLVMValueRef bytes, bool is_memory64)
+{
+    LLVMValueRef param_values[7], ret_value, func, value, cmp;
+    LLVMTypeRef param_types[7], ret_type, func_type, func_ptr_type;
+
+    param_types[0] = INT8_PTR_TYPE;
+    param_types[1] = INTPTR_T_TYPE;
+    param_types[2] = SIZE_T_TYPE;
+    param_types[3] = INTPTR_T_PTR_TYPE;
+    param_types[4] = INTPTR_T_PTR_TYPE;
+    param_types[5] = INT8_PTR_TYPE;
+    param_types[6] = INT8_TYPE;
+    ret_type = INT8_TYPE;
+
+    GET_AOT_FUNCTION(wasm_runtime_check_and_update_last_used_shared_heap, 7);
+
+    /* Call function */
+    param_values[0] = func_ctx->aot_inst;
+    param_values[1] = start_offset;
+    param_values[2] = bytes;
+    /* pass alloc ptr */
+    param_values[3] = func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off;
+    param_values[4] = func_ctx->shared_heap_end_off;
+    param_values[5] = func_ctx->shared_heap_base_addr_adj;
+    param_values[6] = is_memory64 ? I8_ONE : I8_ZERO;
+
+    if (!(ret_value = LLVMBuildCall2(comp_ctx->builder, func_type, func,
+                                     param_values, 7, "call"))) {
+        aot_set_last_error("llvm build call failed.");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntEQ, ret_value, I8_ZERO, cmp, "shared_heap_oob");
+    if (!aot_emit_exception(comp_ctx, func_ctx,
+                            EXCE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_MEMORY_ACCESS, true, cmp,
+                            check_succ)) {
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+fail:
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Setup the basic blocks for shared heap and shared chain memory checks.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *   block_curr: The current basic block.
+ *   app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap: Output, block for cache shared heap.
+ *   app_addr_in_linear_mem: Output, block for linear memory.
+ *   app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain: Output, block for shared heap chain
+ *                                  (only for shared heap chain).
+ *   check_shared_heap_chain: Output, block for checking shared heap chain
+ *                            (only for shared heap chain).
+ *
+ * Topology:
+ *   If enable_shared_heap:
+ *     block_curr -> app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap
+ *                -> app_addr_in_linear_mem
+ *   If enable_shared_chain:
+ *     block_curr -> app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain
+ *                   -> app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap
+ *                   -> check_shared_heap_chain
+ *                 -> app_addr_in_linear_mem
+ */
+static bool
+setup_shared_heap_blocks(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
+                         LLVMBasicBlockRef block_curr,
+                         LLVMBasicBlockRef *app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+                         LLVMBasicBlockRef *app_addr_in_linear_mem,
+                         LLVMBasicBlockRef *app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain,
+                         LLVMBasicBlockRef *check_shared_heap_chain)
+{
+    ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(*app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+                    "app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap");
+    ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(*app_addr_in_linear_mem, "app_addr_in_linear_mem");
+
+    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap) {
+        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(*app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap, block_curr);
+        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(*app_addr_in_linear_mem,
+                                *app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap);
+    }
+    else if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain) {
+        ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(*app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain,
+                        "app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain");
+        ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(*check_shared_heap_chain, "check_shared_heap_chain");
+        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(*app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain, block_curr);
+        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(*app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+                                *app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain);
+        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(*check_shared_heap_chain,
+                                *app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap);
+        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(*app_addr_in_linear_mem,
+                                *app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+fail:
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build a branch to check if start_offset is in the shared heap chain region.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *   start_offset: The offset to check.
+ *   app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain: Block to branch if in shared heap chain.
+ *   app_addr_in_linear_mem: Block to branch if not in shared heap chain.
+ */
+static bool
+build_check_app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain(
+    AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
+    LLVMValueRef start_offset, LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain,
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_linear_mem)
+{
+    LLVMValueRef is_in_shared_heap = NULL;
+
+    /* Use start_offset > func_ctx->shared_heap_head_start_off to test
+     * start_off falls in shared heap chain memory region. The shared heap
+     * chain oob will be detected in app_addr_in_shared_heap block or
+     * aot_check_shared_heap_chain_and_update function
+     */
+    BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, start_offset, func_ctx->shared_heap_head_start_off,
+               is_in_shared_heap, "shared_heap_lb_cmp");
+    BUILD_COND_BR(is_in_shared_heap, app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain,
+                  app_addr_in_linear_mem);
+
+    SET_BUILD_POS(app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain);
+
+    return true;
+fail:
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Build the conditional branch for cache shared heap or shared heap chain.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *   cmp: The condition for being in cache shared heap.
+ *   app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap: Block for cache shared heap.
+ *   app_addr_in_linear_mem: Block for linear memory.
+ *   check_shared_heap_chain: Block for checking shared heap chain.
+ *   bytes: The access size in bytes.
+ *   start_offset: The offset to check.
+ *   is_memory64: Whether memory is 64-bit.
+ */
+static bool
+build_shared_heap_conditional_branching(
+    AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx, LLVMValueRef cmp,
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_linear_mem,
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef check_shared_heap_chain, LLVMValueRef bytes,
+    LLVMValueRef start_offset, bool is_memory64)
+{
+    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap) {
+        BUILD_COND_BR(cmp, app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+                      app_addr_in_linear_mem);
+    }
+    else if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain) {
+        BUILD_COND_BR(cmp, app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+                      check_shared_heap_chain);
+        SET_BUILD_POS(check_shared_heap_chain);
+        if (!aot_check_shared_heap_chain_and_update(
+                comp_ctx, func_ctx, app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap, start_offset,
+                bytes, is_memory64))
+            goto fail;
+    }
+    return true;
+fail:
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the native address in the cache shared heap.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *   start_offset: The offset to use for address calculation.
+ *   maddr: Output, the native address that in the cache shared heap.
+ */
+static bool
+build_get_maddr_in_cache_shared_heap(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx,
+                                     AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
+                                     LLVMValueRef start_offset,
+                                     LLVMValueRef *maddr)
+{
+    LLVMValueRef shared_heap_base_addr_adj;
+    /* load the local variable */
+    BUILD_LOAD_PTR(func_ctx->shared_heap_base_addr_adj, INT8_PTR_TYPE,
+                   shared_heap_base_addr_adj);
+    if (!(*maddr = LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(
+              comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE, shared_heap_base_addr_adj,
+              &start_offset, 1, "maddr_cache_shared_heap"))) {
+        aot_set_last_error("llvm build inbounds gep failed");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+fail:
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for memory overflow in shared heap for normal memory access.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *   block_curr: The current basic block.
+ *   block_maddr_phi: The phi block for memory address.
+ *   maddr_phi: The phi node for memory address.
+ *   start_offset: The first offset to check.
+ *   mem_base_addr: The base address of memory. Only used with segue.
+ *   bytes_u32: The access size in bytes.
+ *   is_memory64: Whether memory is wasm64 memory.
+ *   is_target_64bit: Whether target is 64-bit.
+ *   enable_segue: Whether to use segment register addressing.
+ */
+static bool
+aot_check_shared_heap_memory_overflow(
+    AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef block_curr, LLVMBasicBlockRef block_maddr_phi,
+    LLVMValueRef maddr_phi, LLVMValueRef start_offset,
+    LLVMValueRef mem_base_addr, uint32 bytes_u32, bool is_memory64,
+    bool is_target_64bit, bool enable_segue)
+{
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap, app_addr_in_linear_mem;
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain = NULL,
+                      check_shared_heap_chain = NULL;
+    LLVMValueRef cmp, cmp1, cmp2, shared_heap_start_off, shared_heap_end_off,
+        shared_heap_check_bound, maddr = NULL;
+    /* On 64/32-bit target, the offset is 64/32-bit */
+    LLVMTypeRef offset_type = is_target_64bit ? I64_TYPE : I32_TYPE;
+    LLVMValueRef length, bytes;
+
+    if (!setup_shared_heap_blocks(
+            comp_ctx, func_ctx, block_curr, &app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+            &app_addr_in_linear_mem, &app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain,
+            &check_shared_heap_chain))
+        goto fail;
+    LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(block_maddr_phi, app_addr_in_linear_mem);
+
+    /* Early branching when it's not in shared heap chain at all */
+    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain
+        && !build_check_app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain(
+            comp_ctx, func_ctx, start_offset, app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain,
+            app_addr_in_linear_mem))
+        goto fail;
+
+    /* Load the local variable of the function */
+    BUILD_LOAD_PTR(func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off, offset_type,
+                   shared_heap_start_off);
+    BUILD_LOAD_PTR(func_ctx->shared_heap_end_off, offset_type,
+                   shared_heap_end_off);
+    /* Check if the app address is in the cache shared heap range.
+     * If yes, branch to the cache branch; if not, check the shared heap chain
+     */
+    BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGE, start_offset, shared_heap_start_off, cmp,
+               "cmp_cache_shared_heap_start");
+    length =
+        is_target_64bit ? I64_CONST(bytes_u32 - 1) : I32_CONST(bytes_u32 - 1);
+    CHECK_LLVM_CONST(length);
+    BUILD_OP(Sub, shared_heap_end_off, length, shared_heap_check_bound,
+             "cache_shared_heap_end_bound");
+    BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntULE, start_offset, shared_heap_check_bound, cmp1,
+               "cmp_cache_shared_heap_end");
+    BUILD_OP(And, cmp, cmp1, cmp2, "is_in_cache_shared_heap");
+    /* Conditional branching based on whether in cached shared heap */
+    bytes = is_target_64bit ? I64_CONST(bytes_u32) : I32_CONST(bytes_u32);
+    if (!build_shared_heap_conditional_branching(
+            comp_ctx, func_ctx, cmp2, app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+            app_addr_in_linear_mem, check_shared_heap_chain, bytes,
+            start_offset, is_memory64))
+        goto fail;
+
+    SET_BUILD_POS(app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap);
+    if (!build_get_maddr_in_cache_shared_heap(comp_ctx, func_ctx, start_offset,
+                                              &maddr))
+        goto fail;
+
+    if (enable_segue) {
+        LLVMValueRef mem_base_addr_u64, maddr_u64, offset_to_mem_base;
+        if (!(maddr_u64 = LLVMBuildPtrToInt(comp_ctx->builder, maddr, I64_TYPE,
+                                            "maddr_u64"))
+            || !(mem_base_addr_u64 =
+                     LLVMBuildPtrToInt(comp_ctx->builder, mem_base_addr,
+                                       I64_TYPE, "mem_base_addr_u64"))) {
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build ptr to int failed");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if (!(offset_to_mem_base =
+                  LLVMBuildSub(comp_ctx->builder, maddr_u64, mem_base_addr_u64,
+                               "offset_to_mem_base"))) {
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build sub failed");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+        if (!(maddr = LLVMBuildIntToPtr(comp_ctx->builder, offset_to_mem_base,
+                                        INT8_PTR_TYPE_GS,
+                                        "maddr_shared_heap_segue"))) {
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build int to ptr failed.");
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LLVMAddIncoming(maddr_phi, &maddr, &app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap, 1);
+    BUILD_BR(block_maddr_phi);
+    SET_BUILD_POS(app_addr_in_linear_mem);
+
+    return true;
+fail:
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for memory overflow in shared heap for bulk memory access.
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *   block_curr: The current basic block.
+ *   block_maddr_phi: The phi block for memory address.
+ *   check_succ: The block to branch to on success.
+ *   maddr_phi: The phi node for memory address.
+ *   start_offset: The offset to check.
+ *   max_addr: The maximum address to check.
+ *   bytes: The access size in bytes (LLVMValueRef).
+ *   is_memory64: Whether memory is wasm64 memory.
+ *   is_target_64bit: Whether target is 64-bit.
+ */
+static bool
+aot_check_bulk_memory_shared_heap_memory_overflow(
+    AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef block_curr, LLVMBasicBlockRef block_maddr_phi,
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef check_succ, LLVMValueRef maddr_phi,
+    LLVMValueRef start_offset, LLVMValueRef max_addr, LLVMValueRef bytes,
+    bool is_memory64, bool is_target_64bit)
+{
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap, app_addr_in_linear_mem;
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain = NULL,
+                      check_shared_heap_chain = NULL;
+    LLVMValueRef cmp, cmp1, cmp2, shared_heap_start_off, shared_heap_end_off,
+        maddr = NULL, max_offset;
+    /* On 64/32-bit target, the offset is 64/32-bit */
+    LLVMTypeRef offset_type = is_target_64bit ? I64_TYPE : I32_TYPE;
+
+    if (!setup_shared_heap_blocks(
+            comp_ctx, func_ctx, block_curr, &app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+            &app_addr_in_linear_mem, &app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain,
+            &check_shared_heap_chain))
+        goto fail;
+    LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(block_maddr_phi, check_succ);
+
+    /* Early branching when it's not in shared heap chain at all */
+    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain
+        && !build_check_app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain(
+            comp_ctx, func_ctx, start_offset, app_addr_in_shared_heap_chain,
+            app_addr_in_linear_mem))
+        goto fail;
+
+    /* Load the local variable of the function */
+    BUILD_LOAD_PTR(func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off, offset_type,
+                   shared_heap_start_off);
+    BUILD_LOAD_PTR(func_ctx->shared_heap_end_off, offset_type,
+                   shared_heap_end_off);
+    /* Check if the app address is in the cache shared heap range.
+     * If yes, branch to the cache branch; if not, check the shared heap chain
+     */
+    BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGE, start_offset, shared_heap_start_off, cmp,
+               "cmp_cache_shared_heap_start");
+    BUILD_OP(Add, max_addr, is_target_64bit ? I64_NEG_ONE : I32_NEG_ONE,
+             max_offset, "max_offset");
+    BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntULE, max_offset, shared_heap_end_off, cmp1,
+               "cmp_cache_shared_heap_end");
+    BUILD_OP(And, cmp, cmp1, cmp2, "is_in_cache_shared_heap");
+    /* Conditional branching based on whether in cached shared heap */
+    if (!build_shared_heap_conditional_branching(
+            comp_ctx, func_ctx, cmp2, app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap,
+            app_addr_in_linear_mem, check_shared_heap_chain, bytes,
+            start_offset, is_memory64))
+        goto fail;
+
+    SET_BUILD_POS(app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap);
+    if (!build_get_maddr_in_cache_shared_heap(comp_ctx, func_ctx, start_offset,
+                                              &maddr))
+        goto fail;
+
+    LLVMAddIncoming(maddr_phi, &maddr, &app_addr_in_cache_shared_heap, 1);
+    BUILD_BR(block_maddr_phi);
+    SET_BUILD_POS(app_addr_in_linear_mem);
+
+    return true;
+fail:
+    return false;
+}
+#endif
+
 LLVMValueRef
 aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
                           mem_offset_t offset, uint32 bytes, bool enable_segue,
@@ -118,10 +564,10 @@ aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
 {
     LLVMValueRef offset_const =
         MEMORY64_COND_VALUE(I64_CONST(offset), I32_CONST(offset));
-    LLVMValueRef addr, maddr, maddr_phi = NULL, offset1, cmp1, cmp2, cmp;
+    LLVMValueRef addr, maddr, offset1, cmp1, cmp;
     LLVMValueRef mem_base_addr, mem_check_bound;
     LLVMBasicBlockRef block_curr = LLVMGetInsertBlock(comp_ctx->builder);
-    LLVMBasicBlockRef check_succ, block_maddr_phi = NULL;
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef check_succ;
     AOTValue *aot_value_top;
     uint32 local_idx_of_aot_value = 0;
     uint64 const_value;
@@ -136,6 +582,10 @@ aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
 #else
     bool is_memory64 = IS_MEMORY64;
 #endif
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+    LLVMValueRef maddr_phi = NULL;
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef block_maddr_phi = NULL;
+#endif
 
     is_target_64bit = (comp_ctx->pointer_size == sizeof(uint64)) ? true : false;
 
@@ -262,6 +712,13 @@ aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
         *alignp = 1;
     }
 
+    /* The overflow check needs to be done under following conditions:
+     * 1. In 64-bit target, offset and addr will be extended to 64-bit
+     *    1.1 offset + addr can overflow when it's memory64
+     *    1.2 no overflow when it's memory32
+     * 2. In 32-bit target, offset and addr will be 32-bit
+     *    2.1 offset + addr can overflow when it's memory32
+     */
     if (is_target_64bit) {
         if (!(offset_const = LLVMBuildZExt(comp_ctx->builder, offset_const,
                                            I64_TYPE, "offset_i64"))
@@ -275,7 +732,9 @@ aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
     /* offset1 = offset + addr; */
     BUILD_OP(Add, offset_const, addr, offset1, "offset1");
 
-    if (is_memory64 && comp_ctx->enable_bound_check) {
+    /* 1.1 offset + addr can overflow when it's memory64
+     * 2.1 Or when it's on 32-bit platform */
+    if (is_memory64 || !is_target_64bit) {
         /* Check whether integer overflow occurs in offset + addr */
         LLVMBasicBlockRef check_integer_overflow_end;
         ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(check_integer_overflow_end,
@@ -289,23 +748,14 @@ aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
             goto fail;
         }
         SET_BUILD_POS(check_integer_overflow_end);
+        block_curr = check_integer_overflow_end;
     }
 
-    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
-        LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_shared_heap, app_addr_in_linear_mem;
-        LLVMValueRef is_in_shared_heap, shared_heap_check_bound = NULL;
-
-        /* Add basic blocks */
-        ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(app_addr_in_shared_heap, "app_addr_in_shared_heap");
-        ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(app_addr_in_linear_mem, "app_addr_in_linear_mem");
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap
+        || comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
         ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(block_maddr_phi, "maddr_phi");
-
-        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(app_addr_in_shared_heap, block_curr);
-        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(app_addr_in_linear_mem,
-                                app_addr_in_shared_heap);
-        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(block_maddr_phi, app_addr_in_linear_mem);
-
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, block_maddr_phi);
+        SET_BUILD_POS(block_maddr_phi);
         if (!(maddr_phi =
                   LLVMBuildPhi(comp_ctx->builder,
                                enable_segue ? INT8_PTR_TYPE_GS : INT8_PTR_TYPE,
@@ -313,110 +763,16 @@ aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
             aot_set_last_error("llvm build phi failed");
             goto fail;
         }
+        SET_BUILD_POS(block_curr);
 
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, block_curr);
-
-        if (!is_target_64bit) {
-            /* Check whether integer overflow occurs in addr + offset */
-            LLVMBasicBlockRef check_integer_overflow_end;
-            ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(check_integer_overflow_end,
-                            "check_integer_overflow_end");
-            LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(check_integer_overflow_end, block_curr);
-
-            BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntULT, offset1, addr, cmp1, "cmp1");
-            if (!aot_emit_exception(comp_ctx, func_ctx,
-                                    EXCE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_MEMORY_ACCESS, true,
-                                    cmp1, check_integer_overflow_end)) {
-                goto fail;
-            }
-            SET_BUILD_POS(check_integer_overflow_end);
-        }
-
-        shared_heap_check_bound =
-            is_memory64 ? I64_CONST(UINT64_MAX - bytes + 1)
-                        : (comp_ctx->pointer_size == sizeof(uint64)
-                               ? I64_CONST(UINT32_MAX - bytes + 1)
-                               : I32_CONST(UINT32_MAX - bytes + 1));
-        CHECK_LLVM_CONST(shared_heap_check_bound);
-
-        /* Check whether the bytes to access are in shared heap */
-        if (!comp_ctx->enable_bound_check) {
-            /* Use IntUGT but not IntUGE to compare, since (1) in the ems
-               memory allocator, the hmu node includes hmu header and hmu
-               memory, only the latter is returned to the caller as the
-               allocated memory, the hmu header isn't returned so the
-               first byte of the shared heap won't be accessed, (2) using
-               IntUGT gets better performance than IntUGE in some cases */
-            BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, offset1, func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off,
-                       is_in_shared_heap, "is_in_shared_heap");
-            /* We don't check the shared heap's upper boundary if boundary
-               check isn't enabled, the runtime may also use the guard pages
-               of shared heap to check the boundary if hardware boundary
-               check feature is enabled. */
-        }
-        else {
-            /* Use IntUGT but not IntUGE to compare, same as above */
-            BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, offset1, func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off,
-                       cmp1, "cmp1");
-            /* Check the shared heap's upper boundary if boundary check is
-               enabled */
-            BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntULE, offset1, shared_heap_check_bound, cmp2,
-                       "cmp2");
-            BUILD_OP(And, cmp1, cmp2, is_in_shared_heap, "is_in_shared_heap");
-        }
-
-        if (!LLVMBuildCondBr(comp_ctx->builder, is_in_shared_heap,
-                             app_addr_in_shared_heap, app_addr_in_linear_mem)) {
-            aot_set_last_error("llvm build cond br failed");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, app_addr_in_shared_heap);
-
-        /* Get native address inside shared heap */
-        if (!(maddr =
-                  LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE,
-                                        func_ctx->shared_heap_base_addr_adj,
-                                        &offset1, 1, "maddr_shared_heap"))) {
-            aot_set_last_error("llvm build inbounds gep failed");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-
-        if (enable_segue) {
-            LLVMValueRef mem_base_addr_u64, maddr_u64, offset_to_mem_base;
-
-            if (!(maddr_u64 = LLVMBuildPtrToInt(comp_ctx->builder, maddr,
-                                                I64_TYPE, "maddr_u64"))
-                || !(mem_base_addr_u64 =
-                         LLVMBuildPtrToInt(comp_ctx->builder, mem_base_addr,
-                                           I64_TYPE, "mem_base_addr_u64"))) {
-                aot_set_last_error("llvm build ptr to int failed");
-                goto fail;
-            }
-            if (!(offset_to_mem_base =
-                      LLVMBuildSub(comp_ctx->builder, maddr_u64,
-                                   mem_base_addr_u64, "offset_to_mem_base"))) {
-                aot_set_last_error("llvm build sub failed");
-                goto fail;
-            }
-            if (!(maddr = LLVMBuildIntToPtr(
-                      comp_ctx->builder, offset_to_mem_base, INT8_PTR_TYPE_GS,
-                      "maddr_shared_heap_segue"))) {
-                aot_set_last_error("llvm build int to ptr failed.");
+        if (!aot_check_shared_heap_memory_overflow(
+                comp_ctx, func_ctx, block_curr, block_maddr_phi, maddr_phi,
+                offset1, mem_base_addr, bytes, is_memory64, is_target_64bit,
+                enable_segue)) {
             goto fail;
         }
     }
-
-        LLVMAddIncoming(maddr_phi, &maddr, &app_addr_in_shared_heap, 1);
-
-        if (!LLVMBuildBr(comp_ctx->builder, block_maddr_phi)) {
-            aot_set_last_error("llvm build br failed");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, app_addr_in_linear_mem);
-        block_curr = LLVMGetInsertBlock(comp_ctx->builder);
-    }
+#endif
 
     if (comp_ctx->enable_bound_check
         && !(is_local_of_aot_value
@@ -449,21 +805,7 @@ aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
             goto fail;
         }
 
-        if (is_target_64bit) {
         BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, offset1, mem_check_bound, cmp, "cmp");
-        }
-        else {
-            if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
-                /* Check integer overflow has been checked above */
-                BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, offset1, mem_check_bound, cmp, "cmp");
-            }
-            else {
-                /* Check integer overflow */
-                BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntULT, offset1, addr, cmp1, "cmp1");
-                BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, offset1, mem_check_bound, cmp2, "cmp2");
-                BUILD_OP(Or, cmp1, cmp2, cmp, "cmp");
-            }
-        }
 
         /* Add basic blocks */
         ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(check_succ, "check_succ");
@@ -509,17 +851,20 @@ aot_check_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
         }
     }
 
-    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap
+        || comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
         block_curr = LLVMGetInsertBlock(comp_ctx->builder);
         LLVMAddIncoming(maddr_phi, &maddr, &block_curr, 1);
         if (!LLVMBuildBr(comp_ctx->builder, block_maddr_phi)) {
             aot_set_last_error("llvm build br failed");
             goto fail;
         }
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, block_maddr_phi);
+        SET_BUILD_POS(block_maddr_phi);
         return maddr_phi;
     }
     else
+#endif
         return maddr;
 fail:
     return NULL;
@@ -544,15 +889,6 @@ fail:
         LLVMSetAlignment(value, known_align);                             \
     } while (0)
 
-#define BUILD_TRUNC(value, data_type)                                     \
-    do {                                                                  \
-        if (!(value = LLVMBuildTrunc(comp_ctx->builder, value, data_type, \
-                                     "val_trunc"))) {                     \
-            aot_set_last_error("llvm build trunc failed.");               \
-            goto fail;                                                    \
-        }                                                                 \
-    } while (0)
-
 #define BUILD_STORE()                                                   \
     do {                                                                \
         LLVMValueRef res;                                               \
@@ -1150,16 +1486,23 @@ LLVMValueRef
 check_bulk_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
                            LLVMValueRef offset, LLVMValueRef bytes)
 {
-    LLVMValueRef maddr, max_addr, cmp;
-    LLVMValueRef mem_base_addr, maddr_phi = NULL;
+    LLVMValueRef maddr, max_addr, cmp, cmp1;
+    LLVMValueRef mem_base_addr;
     LLVMBasicBlockRef block_curr = LLVMGetInsertBlock(comp_ctx->builder);
-    LLVMBasicBlockRef check_succ, block_maddr_phi = NULL;
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef check_succ;
     LLVMValueRef mem_size;
+    bool is_target_64bit;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 == 0
     bool is_memory64 = false;
 #else
     bool is_memory64 = IS_MEMORY64;
 #endif
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+    LLVMValueRef maddr_phi = NULL;
+    LLVMBasicBlockRef block_maddr_phi = NULL;
+#endif
+
+    is_target_64bit = (comp_ctx->pointer_size == sizeof(uint64)) ? true : false;
 
     /* Get memory base address and memory data size */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_MEMORY != 0
@@ -1221,6 +1564,9 @@ check_bulk_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
     ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(check_succ, "check_succ");
     LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(check_succ, block_curr);
 
+    /* Same logic with aot_check_memory_overflow, offset and bytes are 32/64
+     * bits on 32/64 bits platform */
+    if (is_target_64bit) {
         offset =
             LLVMBuildZExt(comp_ctx->builder, offset, I64_TYPE, "extend_offset");
         bytes = LLVMBuildZExt(comp_ctx->builder, bytes, I64_TYPE, "extend_len");
@@ -1228,104 +1574,61 @@ check_bulk_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
             aot_set_last_error("llvm build zext failed.");
             goto fail;
         }
+    }
 
     BUILD_OP(Add, offset, bytes, max_addr, "max_addr");
 
-    if (is_memory64 && comp_ctx->enable_bound_check) {
-        /* Check whether integer overflow occurs in offset + addr */
+    /* Check overflow when it's memory64 or it's on 32 bits platform */
+    if (is_memory64 || !is_target_64bit) {
+        /* Check whether integer overflow occurs in offset + bytes */
         LLVMBasicBlockRef check_integer_overflow_end;
         ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(check_integer_overflow_end,
                         "check_integer_overflow_end");
         LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(check_integer_overflow_end, block_curr);
 
+        /* offset + bytes can overflow yet is valid(for example, 0xffffffff, 1),
+         * allow it to be 0(either 0, 0 or overflow and valid) */
         BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntULT, max_addr, offset, cmp, "cmp");
+        BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntNE, max_addr, is_target_64bit ? I64_ZERO : I32_ZERO,
+                   cmp1, "cmp1");
+        BUILD_OP(And, cmp, cmp1, cmp, "overflow");
         if (!aot_emit_exception(comp_ctx, func_ctx,
                                 EXCE_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_MEMORY_ACCESS, true, cmp,
                                 check_integer_overflow_end)) {
             goto fail;
         }
         SET_BUILD_POS(check_integer_overflow_end);
+        block_curr = check_integer_overflow_end;
     }
 
-    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
-        LLVMBasicBlockRef app_addr_in_shared_heap, app_addr_in_linear_mem;
-        LLVMValueRef shared_heap_start_off, shared_heap_check_bound;
-        LLVMValueRef max_offset, cmp1, cmp2, is_in_shared_heap;
-
-        /* Add basic blocks */
-        ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(app_addr_in_shared_heap, "app_addr_in_shared_heap");
-        ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(app_addr_in_linear_mem, "app_addr_in_linear_mem");
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap
+        || comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
         ADD_BASIC_BLOCK(block_maddr_phi, "maddr_phi");
-
-        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(app_addr_in_shared_heap, block_curr);
-        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(app_addr_in_linear_mem,
-                                app_addr_in_shared_heap);
-        LLVMMoveBasicBlockAfter(block_maddr_phi, check_succ);
-
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, block_maddr_phi);
+        SET_BUILD_POS(block_maddr_phi);
         if (!(maddr_phi = LLVMBuildPhi(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_PTR_TYPE,
                                        "maddr_phi"))) {
             aot_set_last_error("llvm build phi failed");
             goto fail;
         }
+        SET_BUILD_POS(block_curr);
 
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, block_curr);
-
-        shared_heap_start_off = func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off;
-        if (comp_ctx->pointer_size == sizeof(uint32)) {
-            if (!(shared_heap_start_off =
-                      LLVMBuildZExt(comp_ctx->builder, shared_heap_start_off,
-                                    I64_TYPE, "shared_heap_start_off_u64"))) {
-                aot_set_last_error("llvm build zext failed");
+        if (!aot_check_bulk_memory_shared_heap_memory_overflow(
+                comp_ctx, func_ctx, block_curr, block_maddr_phi, check_succ,
+                maddr_phi, offset, max_addr, bytes, is_memory64,
+                is_target_64bit)) {
             goto fail;
         }
     }
-        shared_heap_check_bound =
-            is_memory64 ? I64_CONST(UINT64_MAX) : I64_CONST(UINT32_MAX);
-        CHECK_LLVM_CONST(shared_heap_check_bound);
+#endif
 
-        /* Check whether the bytes to access are in shared heap */
-        if (!comp_ctx->enable_bound_check) {
-            /* Use IntUGT but not IntUGE to compare, same as the check
-               in aot_check_memory_overflow */
-            BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, offset, func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off,
-                       is_in_shared_heap, "is_in_shared_heap");
-        }
-        else {
-            BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, offset, func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off,
-                       cmp1, "cmp1");
-            BUILD_OP(Add, max_addr, I64_NEG_ONE, max_offset, "max_offset");
-            BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntULE, max_offset, shared_heap_check_bound, cmp2,
-                       "cmp2");
-            BUILD_OP(And, cmp1, cmp2, is_in_shared_heap, "is_in_shared_heap");
-        }
-
-        if (!LLVMBuildCondBr(comp_ctx->builder, is_in_shared_heap,
-                             app_addr_in_shared_heap, app_addr_in_linear_mem)) {
-            aot_set_last_error("llvm build cond br failed");
+    /* mem_size is always 64-bit, extend max_addr on 32 bits platform */
+    if (!is_target_64bit
+        && !(max_addr = LLVMBuildZExt(comp_ctx->builder, max_addr, I64_TYPE,
+                                      "extend_max_addr"))) {
+        aot_set_last_error("llvm build zext failed.");
         goto fail;
     }
-
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, app_addr_in_shared_heap);
-
-        /* Get native address inside shared heap */
-        if (!(maddr = LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE,
-                                            func_ctx->shared_heap_base_addr_adj,
-                                            &offset, 1, "maddr_shared_heap"))) {
-            aot_set_last_error("llvm build inbounds gep failed");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-        LLVMAddIncoming(maddr_phi, &maddr, &app_addr_in_shared_heap, 1);
-
-        if (!LLVMBuildBr(comp_ctx->builder, block_maddr_phi)) {
-            aot_set_last_error("llvm build br failed");
-            goto fail;
-        }
-
-        LLVMPositionBuilderAtEnd(comp_ctx->builder, app_addr_in_linear_mem);
-        block_curr = LLVMGetInsertBlock(comp_ctx->builder);
-    }
-
     BUILD_ICMP(LLVMIntUGT, max_addr, mem_size, cmp, "cmp_max_mem_addr");
 
     if (!aot_emit_exception(comp_ctx, func_ctx,
@@ -1341,7 +1644,9 @@ check_bulk_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap
+        || comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain /* TODO: && mem_idx == 0 */) {
         block_curr = LLVMGetInsertBlock(comp_ctx->builder);
         LLVMAddIncoming(maddr_phi, &maddr, &block_curr, 1);
         if (!LLVMBuildBr(comp_ctx->builder, block_maddr_phi)) {
@@ -1352,6 +1657,7 @@ check_bulk_memory_overflow(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
         return maddr_phi;
     }
     else
+#endif
         return maddr;
 fail:
     return NULL;

core/iwasm/compilation/aot_llvm.c

@@ -1517,73 +1517,154 @@ create_memory_info(const AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx,
     return true;
 }
 
+#define BUILD_IS_NOT_NULL(value, res, name)                                \
+    do {                                                                   \
+        if (!(res = LLVMBuildIsNotNull(comp_ctx->builder, value, name))) { \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build is not null failed.");          \
+            goto fail;                                                     \
+        }                                                                  \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define get_module_extra_field_offset(field)                        \
+    do {                                                            \
+        offset_u32 = get_module_inst_extra_offset(comp_ctx);        \
+        if (comp_ctx->is_jit_mode)                                  \
+            offset_u32 += offsetof(WASMModuleInstanceExtra, field); \
+        else                                                        \
+            offset_u32 += offsetof(AOTModuleInstanceExtra, field);  \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define LOAD_MODULE_EXTRA_FIELD_AND_ALLOCA(field, type)                        \
+    do {                                                                       \
+        get_module_extra_field_offset(field);                                  \
+        offset = I32_CONST(offset_u32);                                        \
+        CHECK_LLVM_CONST(offset);                                              \
+        if (!(field_p = LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE,    \
+                                              func_ctx->aot_inst, &offset, 1,  \
+                                              #field "_p"))) {                 \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build inbounds gep failed");              \
+            goto fail;                                                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+        if (!(load_val =                                                       \
+                  LLVMBuildLoad2(comp_ctx->builder, type, field_p, #field))) { \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build load failed");                      \
+            goto fail;                                                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+        if (!(func_ctx->field =                                                \
+                  LLVMBuildAlloca(comp_ctx->builder, type, #field))) {         \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build alloca failed");                    \
+            goto fail;                                                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+        if (!LLVMBuildStore(comp_ctx->builder, load_val, func_ctx->field)) {   \
+            aot_set_last_error("llvm build store failed");                     \
+            goto fail;                                                         \
+        }                                                                      \
+    } while (0)
+
 static bool
 create_shared_heap_info(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, AOTFuncContext *func_ctx)
 {
-    LLVMValueRef offset, base_addr_p, start_off_p, cmp;
+#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
+    LLVMValueRef offset, field_p, load_val, shared_heap_head_p,
+        shared_heap_head, cmp, field_p_or_default, shared_heap_head_start_off,
+        shared_heap_head_start_off_minus_one;
+    LLVMTypeRef shared_heap_offset_type;
     uint32 offset_u32;
-
-    /* Load aot_inst->e->shared_heap_base_addr_adj */
-    offset_u32 = get_module_inst_extra_offset(comp_ctx);
-#if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 && WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    if (comp_ctx->is_jit_mode)
-        offset_u32 +=
-            offsetof(WASMModuleInstanceExtra, shared_heap_base_addr_adj);
-    else
+#if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 == 0
+    bool is_memory64 = false;
+#else
+    bool is_memory64 = IS_MEMORY64;
 #endif
-        offset_u32 +=
-            offsetof(AOTModuleInstanceExtra, shared_heap_base_addr_adj);
+
+    shared_heap_offset_type =
+        comp_ctx->pointer_size == sizeof(uint64) ? I64_TYPE : I32_TYPE;
+
+    /* shared_heap_base_addr_adj, shared_heap_start_off, and
+     * shared_heap_end_off can be updated later, use local variable to
+     * represent them */
+    LOAD_MODULE_EXTRA_FIELD_AND_ALLOCA(shared_heap_base_addr_adj,
+                                       INT8_PTR_TYPE);
+    LOAD_MODULE_EXTRA_FIELD_AND_ALLOCA(shared_heap_start_off,
+                                       shared_heap_offset_type);
+    LOAD_MODULE_EXTRA_FIELD_AND_ALLOCA(shared_heap_end_off,
+                                       shared_heap_offset_type);
+
+    /* Shared Heap head start off won't be updated, no need to alloca */
+    get_module_extra_field_offset(shared_heap);
     offset = I32_CONST(offset_u32);
     CHECK_LLVM_CONST(offset);
-
-    if (!(base_addr_p = LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE,
-                                              func_ctx->aot_inst, &offset, 1,
-                                              "shared_heap_base_addr_adj_p"))) {
+    if (!(shared_heap_head_p = LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(
+              comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE, func_ctx->aot_inst, &offset, 1,
+              "shared_heap_head_p"))) {
         aot_set_last_error("llvm build inbounds gep failed");
-        return false;
+        goto fail;
     }
-    if (!(func_ctx->shared_heap_base_addr_adj =
-              LLVMBuildLoad2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_PTR_TYPE, base_addr_p,
-                             "shared_heap_base_addr_adj"))) {
+    if (!(shared_heap_head =
+              LLVMBuildLoad2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_PTR_TYPE,
+                             shared_heap_head_p, "shared_heap_head"))) {
         aot_set_last_error("llvm build load failed");
-        return false;
+        goto fail;
     }
+    BUILD_IS_NOT_NULL(shared_heap_head, cmp, "has_shared_heap");
 
-    /* Load aot_inst->e->shared_heap_start_off */
-    offset_u32 = get_module_inst_extra_offset(comp_ctx);
-#if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 && WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    if (comp_ctx->is_jit_mode)
-        offset_u32 += offsetof(WASMModuleInstanceExtra, shared_heap_start_off);
-    else
-#endif
-        offset_u32 += offsetof(AOTModuleInstanceExtra, shared_heap_start_off);
+    if (is_memory64) {
+        offset_u32 = offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, start_off_mem64);
+    }
+    else {
+        offset_u32 = offsetof(WASMSharedHeap, start_off_mem32);
+    }
     offset = I32_CONST(offset_u32);
     CHECK_LLVM_CONST(offset);
-
-    if (!(start_off_p = LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE,
-                                              func_ctx->aot_inst, &offset, 1,
-                                              "shared_heap_start_off_p"))) {
+    if (!(field_p = LLVMBuildInBoundsGEP2(comp_ctx->builder, INT8_TYPE,
+                                          shared_heap_head, &offset, 1,
+                                          "head_start_off_p"))) {
         aot_set_last_error("llvm build inbounds gep failed");
-        return false;
+        goto fail;
     }
-    if (!(func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off = LLVMBuildLoad2(
-              comp_ctx->builder,
-              comp_ctx->pointer_size == sizeof(uint64) ? I64_TYPE : I32_TYPE,
-              start_off_p, "shared_heap_start_off"))) {
+
+    /* Select a valid shared heap head ptr or safe alloca ptr stores
+     * shared_heap_start_off(UINT32_MAX/UINT64_MAX) */
+    if (!(field_p_or_default = LLVMBuildSelect(comp_ctx->builder, cmp, field_p,
+                                               func_ctx->shared_heap_start_off,
+                                               "ptr_or_default"))) {
+        aot_set_last_error("llvm build select failed");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (!(shared_heap_head_start_off = LLVMBuildLoad2(
+              comp_ctx->builder, shared_heap_offset_type, field_p_or_default,
+              "shared_heap_head_start_off"))) {
         aot_set_last_error("llvm build load failed");
-        return false;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    if (!(shared_heap_head_start_off_minus_one = LLVMBuildAdd(
+              comp_ctx->builder, shared_heap_head_start_off,
+              comp_ctx->pointer_size == sizeof(uint64) ? I64_NEG_ONE
+                                                       : I32_NEG_ONE,
+              "head_start_off_minus_one"))) {
+        aot_set_last_error("llvm build load failed");
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    if (!(cmp = LLVMBuildIsNotNull(comp_ctx->builder,
-                                   func_ctx->shared_heap_base_addr_adj,
-                                   "has_shared_heap"))) {
-        aot_set_last_error("llvm build is not null failed");
-        return false;
+    /* if there is attached shared heap(s), the value will be valid start_off-1,
+     * otherwise it will be UINT32_MAX/UINT64_MAX, so during the bounds checks,
+     * when has attached shared heap:
+     *   offset > start_off - 1 => offset >= start_off
+     * when no attached shared heap:
+     *   offset > UINT32_MAX/UINT64_MAX is always false
+     * */
+    if (!(func_ctx->shared_heap_head_start_off = LLVMBuildSelect(
+              comp_ctx->builder, cmp, shared_heap_head_start_off_minus_one,
+              shared_heap_head_start_off, "head_start_off"))) {
+        aot_set_last_error("llvm build select failed");
+        goto fail;
     }
-
     return true;
 fail:
     return false;
+#else  /* else of WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0 */
+    return true;
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0 */
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -1877,7 +1958,7 @@ aot_create_func_context(const AOTCompData *comp_data, AOTCompContext *comp_ctx,
     }
 
     /* Load shared heap, shared heap start off mem32 or mem64 */
-    if (comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap
+    if ((comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap || comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain)
         && !create_shared_heap_info(comp_ctx, func_ctx)) {
         goto fail;
     }
@@ -2703,6 +2784,12 @@ aot_create_comp_context(const AOTCompData *comp_data, aot_comp_option_t option)
     if (option->enable_shared_heap)
         comp_ctx->enable_shared_heap = true;
 
+    if (option->enable_shared_chain)
+        comp_ctx->enable_shared_chain = true;
+
+    if (option->enable_extended_const)
+        comp_ctx->enable_extended_const = true;
+
     comp_ctx->opt_level = option->opt_level;
     comp_ctx->size_level = option->size_level;
 
@@ -3204,6 +3291,21 @@ aot_create_comp_context(const AOTCompData *comp_data, aot_comp_option_t option)
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
     WASMModule *wasm_module = (WASMModule *)comp_data->wasm_module;
+    bool is_memory64 = false;
+
+    /* TODO: multi-memories for now assuming the memory64 flag of a memory is
+     * consistent across multi-memories */
+    if (wasm_module->import_memory_count > 0)
+        is_memory64 = !!(wasm_module->import_memories[0].u.memory.mem_type.flags
+                         & MEMORY64_FLAG);
+    else if (wasm_module->memory_count > 0)
+        is_memory64 = !!(wasm_module->memories[0].flags & MEMORY64_FLAG);
+
+    if (!(option->bounds_checks == 1 || option->bounds_checks == 0)
+        && is_memory64) {
+        /* For memory64, the boundary check default value is true */
+        comp_ctx->enable_bound_check = true;
+    }
 
     /* Return error if SIMD is disabled by command line but SIMD instructions
      * are used */
@@ -3984,7 +4086,7 @@ aot_get_func_from_table(const AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, LLVMValueRef base,
 
     if (!(func =
               LLVMBuildBitCast(comp_ctx->builder, func, func_type, "func"))) {
-        aot_set_last_error("cast function fialed.");
+        aot_set_last_error("cast function failed.");
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -4053,7 +4155,7 @@ aot_load_const_from_table(AOTCompContext *comp_ctx, LLVMValueRef base,
 
     if (!(const_addr = LLVMBuildBitCast(comp_ctx->builder, const_addr,
                                         const_ptr_type, "const_addr"))) {
-        aot_set_last_error("cast const fialed.");
+        aot_set_last_error("cast const failed.");
         return NULL;
     }
 

core/iwasm/compilation/aot_llvm.h

@@ -254,8 +254,12 @@ typedef struct AOTFuncContext {
     bool mem_space_unchanged;
     AOTCheckedAddrList checked_addr_list;
 
+    /* The last accessed shared heap info */
     LLVMValueRef shared_heap_base_addr_adj;
     LLVMValueRef shared_heap_start_off;
+    LLVMValueRef shared_heap_end_off;
+    /* The start offset of the head of shared heap chain */
+    LLVMValueRef shared_heap_head_start_off;
 
     LLVMBasicBlockRef got_exception_block;
     LLVMBasicBlockRef func_return_block;
@@ -457,6 +461,9 @@ typedef struct AOTCompContext {
     /* Enable LLVM PGO (Profile-Guided Optimization) */
     bool enable_llvm_pgo;
 
+    /* Enable extended constant expression */
+    bool enable_extended_const;
+
     /* Treat unknown import function as wasm-c-api import function
        and allow to directly invoke it from AOT/JIT code */
     bool quick_invoke_c_api_import;
@@ -486,6 +493,7 @@ typedef struct AOTCompContext {
     bool enable_gc;
 
     bool enable_shared_heap;
+    bool enable_shared_chain;
 
     uint32 opt_level;
     uint32 size_level;

core/iwasm/fast-jit/fe/jit_emit_table.c

@@ -121,7 +121,8 @@ wasm_init_table(WASMModuleInstance *inst, uint32 tbl_idx, uint32 seg_idx,
                               + dst_offset * sizeof(table_elem_type_t));
     init_values = tbl_seg_init_values + src_offset;
     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-        addr[i] = (table_elem_type_t)(uintptr_t)init_values[+i].u.ref_index;
+        addr[i] =
+            (table_elem_type_t)(uintptr_t)init_values[+i].u.unary.v.ref_index;
     }
 
     return 0;

core/iwasm/include/aot_comp_option.h

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ typedef struct AOTCompOption {
     bool enable_ref_types;
     bool enable_gc;
     bool enable_aux_stack_check;
+    bool enable_extended_const;
     AOTStackFrameType aux_stack_frame_type;
     AOTCallStackFeatures call_stack_features;
     bool enable_perf_profiling;
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ typedef struct AOTCompOption {
     bool enable_stack_estimation;
     bool quick_invoke_c_api_import;
     bool enable_shared_heap;
+    bool enable_shared_chain;
     char *use_prof_file;
     uint32_t opt_level;
     uint32_t size_level;

core/iwasm/include/wasm_export.h

@@ -139,8 +139,6 @@ typedef struct wasm_frame_t {
     uint32_t *lp;
 } WASMCApiFrame;
 
-typedef WASMCApiFrame wasm_frame_t;
-
 /* WASM section */
 typedef struct wasm_section_t {
     struct wasm_section_t *next;
@@ -351,6 +349,7 @@ typedef enum {
 
 typedef struct SharedHeapInitArgs {
     uint32_t size;
+    void *pre_allocated_addr;
 } SharedHeapInitArgs;
 
 /**
@@ -904,7 +903,7 @@ wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env);
  * @return number of copied frames
  */
 WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN uint32_t
-wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+wasm_copy_callstack(const wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                     const uint32_t length, const uint32_t skip_n,
                     char *error_buf, uint32_t error_buf_size);
 
@@ -2316,7 +2315,37 @@ WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN wasm_shared_heap_t
 wasm_runtime_create_shared_heap(SharedHeapInitArgs *init_args);
 
 /**
- * Attach a shared heap to a module instance
+ * This function links two shared heap(lists), `head` and `body` in to a single
+ * shared heap list, where `head` becomes the new shared heap list head. The
+ * shared heap list remains one continuous shared heap in wasm app's point of
+ * view.  At most one shared heap in shared heap list can be dynamically
+ * allocated, the rest have to be the pre-allocated shared heap. *
+ *
+ * @param head The head of the shared heap chain.
+ * @param body The body of the shared heap chain to be appended.
+ * @return The new head of the shared heap chain. NULL if failed.
+ */
+WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN wasm_shared_heap_t
+wasm_runtime_chain_shared_heaps(wasm_shared_heap_t head,
+                                wasm_shared_heap_t body);
+
+/**
+ * This function unchains the shared heaps from the given head. If
+ * `entire_chain` is true, it will unchain the entire chain of shared heaps.
+ * Otherwise, it will unchain only the first shared heap in the chain.
+ *
+ * @param head The head of the shared heap chain.
+ * @param entire_chain A boolean flag indicating whether to unchain the entire
+ * chain.
+ * @return The new head of the shared heap chain. Or the last shared heap in the
+ * chain if `entire_chain` is true.
+ */
+wasm_shared_heap_t
+wasm_runtime_unchain_shared_heaps(wasm_shared_heap_t head, bool entire_chain);
+
+/**
+ * Attach a shared heap, it can be the head of shared heap chain, in that case,
+ * attach the shared heap chain, to a module instance
  *
  * @param module_inst the module instance
  * @param shared_heap the shared heap
@@ -2335,7 +2364,8 @@ WASM_RUNTIME_API_EXTERN void
 wasm_runtime_detach_shared_heap(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst);
 
 /**
- * Allocate memory from a shared heap
+ * Allocate memory from a shared heap, or the non-preallocated shared heap from
+ * the shared heap chain
  *
  * @param module_inst the module instance
  * @param size required memory size
@@ -2352,7 +2382,8 @@ wasm_runtime_shared_heap_malloc(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst, uint64_t size,
                                 void **p_native_addr);
 
 /**
- * Free the memory allocated from shared heap
+ * Free the memory allocated from shared heap, or the non-preallocated shared
+ * heap from the shared heap chain
  *
  * @param module_inst the module instance
  * @param ptr the offset in wasm app

core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm.h

@@ -135,6 +135,12 @@ typedef void *table_elem_type_t;
 #define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_F64_CONST 0x44
 #define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_V128_CONST 0xFD
 #define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL 0x23
+#define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD 0x6A
+#define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB 0x6B
+#define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL 0x6C
+#define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD 0x7C
+#define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB 0x7D
+#define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL 0x7E
 #define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST 0xD0
 #define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST 0xD2
 #define INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW 0xD3
@@ -277,9 +283,41 @@ typedef struct InitializerExpression {
     /* type of INIT_EXPR_TYPE_XXX, which is an instruction of
        constant expression */
     uint8 init_expr_type;
-    WASMValue u;
+    union {
+        struct {
+            WASMValue v;
+        } unary;
+        struct {
+            struct InitializerExpression *l_expr;
+            struct InitializerExpression *r_expr;
+        } binary;
+    } u;
 } InitializerExpression;
 
+static inline bool
+is_expr_binary_op(uint8 flag)
+{
+    return flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB
+           || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD
+           || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL;
+}
+
+/* check if table or data offset is valid for i32 offset */
+static inline bool
+is_valid_i32_offset(uint8 flag)
+{
+    return flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD
+           || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL;
+}
+
+/* check if table or data offset is valid for i64 offset */
+static inline bool
+is_valid_i64_offset(uint8 flag)
+{
+    return flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD
+           || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL;
+}
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
 /**
  * Reference type of (ref null ht) or (ref ht),

core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_interp_classic.c

@@ -46,28 +46,6 @@ typedef float64 CellType_F64;
 #define get_linear_mem_size() GET_LINEAR_MEMORY_SIZE(memory)
 #endif
 
-#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MEMORY != 0
-/* Only enable shared heap for the default memory */
-#define is_default_memory (memidx == 0)
-#else
-#define is_default_memory true
-#endif
-#define app_addr_in_shared_heap(app_addr, bytes)                             \
-    (shared_heap && is_default_memory && (app_addr) >= shared_heap_start_off \
-     && (app_addr) <= shared_heap_end_off - bytes + 1)
-
-#define shared_heap_addr_app_to_native(app_addr, native_addr) \
-    native_addr = shared_heap_base_addr + ((app_addr)-shared_heap_start_off)
-
-#define CHECK_SHARED_HEAP_OVERFLOW(app_addr, bytes, native_addr) \
-    if (app_addr_in_shared_heap(app_addr, bytes))                \
-        shared_heap_addr_app_to_native(app_addr, native_addr);   \
-    else
-#else
-#define CHECK_SHARED_HEAP_OVERFLOW(app_addr, bytes, native_addr)
-#endif
-
 #if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 == 0
 
 #if (!defined(OS_ENABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK) \
@@ -1670,22 +1648,6 @@ wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
     if (memory)
         is_memory64 = memory->is_memory64;
 #endif
-#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap = module->e->shared_heap;
-    uint8 *shared_heap_base_addr = shared_heap ? shared_heap->base_addr : NULL;
-#if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 != 0
-    uint64 shared_heap_start_off =
-        shared_heap ? (is_memory64 ? shared_heap->start_off_mem64
-                                   : shared_heap->start_off_mem32)
-                    : 0;
-    uint64 shared_heap_end_off =
-        shared_heap ? (is_memory64 ? UINT64_MAX : UINT32_MAX) : 0;
-#else
-    uint64 shared_heap_start_off =
-        shared_heap ? shared_heap->start_off_mem32 : 0;
-    uint64 shared_heap_end_off = shared_heap ? UINT32_MAX : 0;
-#endif
-#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0 */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MEMORY != 0
     uint32 memidx = 0;
     uint32 memidx_cached = (uint32)-1;
@@ -4088,7 +4050,7 @@ wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                     case WASM_OP_STRING_ENCODE_LOSSY_UTF8_ARRAY:
                     case WASM_OP_STRING_ENCODE_WTF8_ARRAY:
                     {
-                        uint32 start, array_len, count;
+                        uint32 start, array_len;
                         int32 bytes_written;
                         EncodingFlag flag = WTF8;
                         WASMArrayType *array_type;
@@ -5996,12 +5958,14 @@ wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                                       || init_values[i].init_expr_type
                                              == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST);
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
-                            table_elems[i] =
-                                (table_elem_type_t)init_values[i].u.ref_index;
+                            table_elems[i] = (table_elem_type_t)init_values[i]
+                                                 .u.unary.v.ref_index;
 #else
-                            if (init_values[i].u.ref_index != UINT32_MAX) {
+                            if (init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index
+                                != UINT32_MAX) {
                                 if (!(func_obj = wasm_create_func_obj(
-                                          module, init_values[i].u.ref_index,
+                                          module,
+                                          init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index,
                                           true, NULL, 0))) {
                                     goto got_exception;
                                 }

core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_interp_fast.c

@@ -41,22 +41,6 @@ typedef float64 CellType_F64;
 #define get_linear_mem_size() GET_LINEAR_MEMORY_SIZE(memory)
 #endif
 
-#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-#define app_addr_in_shared_heap(app_addr, bytes)        \
-    (shared_heap && (app_addr) >= shared_heap_start_off \
-     && (app_addr) <= shared_heap_end_off - bytes + 1)
-
-#define shared_heap_addr_app_to_native(app_addr, native_addr) \
-    native_addr = shared_heap_base_addr + ((app_addr)-shared_heap_start_off)
-
-#define CHECK_SHARED_HEAP_OVERFLOW(app_addr, bytes, native_addr) \
-    if (app_addr_in_shared_heap(app_addr, bytes))                \
-        shared_heap_addr_app_to_native(app_addr, native_addr);   \
-    else
-#else
-#define CHECK_SHARED_HEAP_OVERFLOW(app_addr, bytes, native_addr)
-#endif
-
 #if !defined(OS_ENABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK) \
     || WASM_CPU_SUPPORTS_UNALIGNED_ADDR_ACCESS == 0
 #define CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(bytes)                                           \
@@ -1590,21 +1574,13 @@ wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
     bool is_return_call = false;
 #endif
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap = module->e ? module->e->shared_heap : NULL;
-    uint8 *shared_heap_base_addr = shared_heap ? shared_heap->base_addr : NULL;
-    /*
-#if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 != 0
-    uint64 shared_heap_start_off =
-        shared_heap ? (is_memory64 ? shared_heap->start_off_mem64
-                                   : shared_heap->start_off_mem32)
-                    : 0;
-    uint64 shared_heap_end_off =
-        shared_heap ? (is_memory64 ? UINT64_MAX : UINT32_MAX) : 0;
-#else
-    */ /* TODO: uncomment the code when memory64 is enabled for fast-interp */
-    uint64 shared_heap_start_off =
-        shared_heap ? shared_heap->start_off_mem32 : 0;
-    uint64 shared_heap_end_off = shared_heap ? UINT32_MAX : 0;
+    /* TODO: currently flowing two variables are only dummy for shared heap
+     * boundary check, need to be updated when multi-memory or memory64
+     * proposals are to be implemented */
+    bool is_memory64 = false;
+    uint32 memidx = 0;
+    (void)is_memory64;
+    (void)memidx;
 /* #endif */
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0 */
 
@@ -5374,12 +5350,14 @@ wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                                       || init_values[i].init_expr_type
                                              == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST);
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
-                            table_elems[i] =
-                                (table_elem_type_t)init_values[i].u.ref_index;
+                            table_elems[i] = (table_elem_type_t)init_values[i]
+                                                 .u.unary.v.ref_index;
 #else
-                            if (init_values[i].u.ref_index != UINT32_MAX) {
+                            if (init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index
+                                != UINT32_MAX) {
                                 if (!(func_obj = wasm_create_func_obj(
-                                          module, init_values[i].u.ref_index,
+                                          module,
+                                          init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index,
                                           true, NULL, 0))) {
                                     goto got_exception;
                                 }

core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_loader.c

@@ -453,6 +453,9 @@ typedef struct InitValue {
     WASMRefType ref_type;
 #endif
     WASMValue value;
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    InitializerExpression *expr;
+#endif
 } InitValue;
 
 typedef struct ConstExprContext {
@@ -477,7 +480,11 @@ push_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, uint8 flag, uint8 type,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                       WASMRefType *ref_type, uint8 gc_opcode,
 #endif
-                      WASMValue *value, char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
+                      WASMValue *value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                      InitializerExpression *expr,
+#endif
+                      char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
 {
     InitValue *cur_value;
 
@@ -503,6 +510,10 @@ push_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, uint8 flag, uint8 type,
     cur_value->flag = flag;
     cur_value->value = *value;
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    cur_value->expr = expr;
+#endif
+
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
     cur_value->gc_opcode = gc_opcode;
     if (wasm_is_type_multi_byte_type(type)) {
@@ -587,7 +598,11 @@ pop_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, uint8 *p_flag, uint8 type,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                      WASMRefType *ref_type, uint8 *p_gc_opcode,
 #endif
-                     WASMValue *p_value, char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
+                     WASMValue *p_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                     InitializerExpression **p_expr,
+#endif
+                     char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
 {
     InitValue *cur_value;
 
@@ -623,7 +638,10 @@ pop_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, uint8 *p_flag, uint8 type,
     if (p_gc_opcode)
         *p_gc_opcode = cur_value->gc_opcode;
 #endif
-
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    if (p_expr)
+        *p_expr = cur_value->expr;
+#endif
     return true;
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
@@ -639,7 +657,7 @@ fail:
 }
 
 static void
-destroy_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx)
+destroy_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, bool free_exprs)
 {
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
     uint32 i;
@@ -654,24 +672,62 @@ destroy_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx)
         }
     }
 #endif
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    if (free_exprs) {
+        for (uint32 j = 0; j < ctx->sp; j++) {
+            if (is_expr_binary_op(ctx->stack[j].expr->init_expr_type)) {
+                destroy_init_expr_recursive(ctx->stack[j].expr);
+                ctx->stack[j].expr = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif
 
     if (ctx->stack != ctx->data) {
         wasm_runtime_free(ctx->stack);
     }
 }
 
-#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
 static void
 destroy_init_expr(WASMModule *module, InitializerExpression *expr)
 {
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
     if (expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW
         || expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW
         || expr->init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_FIXED) {
-        destroy_init_expr_data_recursive(module, expr->u.data);
+        destroy_init_expr_data_recursive(module, expr->u.unary.v.data);
     }
-}
-#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
+#endif
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    // free left expr and right exprs for binary oprand
+    if (!is_expr_binary_op(expr->init_expr_type)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (expr->u.binary.l_expr) {
+        destroy_init_expr_recursive(expr->u.binary.l_expr);
+    }
+    if (expr->u.binary.r_expr) {
+        destroy_init_expr_recursive(expr->u.binary.r_expr);
+    }
+    expr->u.binary.l_expr = expr->u.binary.r_expr = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/* for init expr
+ *    (data (i32.add (i32.const 0) (i32.sub (i32.const 1) (i32.const 2)))),
+ *   the binary format is
+ *       0x11: 41 00 ; i32.const 0
+ *       0x13: 41 01 ; i32.const 1
+ *       0x15: 41 02 ; i32.const 2
+ *       0x17: 6b    ; i32.sub
+ *       0x18: 6a    ; i32.add
+ *   for traversal: read opcodes and push them onto the stack. When encountering
+ *   a binary opcode, pop two values from the stack which become the left and
+ *  right child nodes of this binary operation node.
+ */
 static bool
 load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                InitializerExpression *init_expr, uint8 type, void *ref_type,
@@ -687,6 +743,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
     uint8 opcode;
     WASMRefType cur_ref_type = { 0 };
 #endif
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    InitializerExpression *cur_expr = NULL;
+#endif
 
     init_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, module);
 
@@ -699,24 +758,32 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
             case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST:
                 read_leb_int32(p, p_end, cur_value.i32);
 
-                if (!push_const_expr_stack(
-                        &const_expr_ctx, flag, VALUE_TYPE_I32,
+                if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
+                                           VALUE_TYPE_I32,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                                            NULL, 0,
 #endif
-                        &cur_value, error_buf, error_buf_size))
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
                 break;
             /* i64.const */
             case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST:
                 read_leb_int64(p, p_end, cur_value.i64);
 
-                if (!push_const_expr_stack(
-                        &const_expr_ctx, flag, VALUE_TYPE_I64,
+                if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
+                                           VALUE_TYPE_I64,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                                            NULL, 0,
 #endif
-                        &cur_value, error_buf, error_buf_size))
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
                 break;
             /* f32.const */
@@ -726,12 +793,16 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(float32); i++)
                     *p_float++ = *p++;
 
-                if (!push_const_expr_stack(
-                        &const_expr_ctx, flag, VALUE_TYPE_F32,
+                if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
+                                           VALUE_TYPE_F32,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                                            NULL, 0,
 #endif
-                        &cur_value, error_buf, error_buf_size))
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
                 break;
             /* f64.const */
@@ -741,12 +812,16 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(float64); i++)
                     *p_float++ = *p++;
 
-                if (!push_const_expr_stack(
-                        &const_expr_ctx, flag, VALUE_TYPE_F64,
+                if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
+                                           VALUE_TYPE_F64,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                                            NULL, 0,
 #endif
-                        &cur_value, error_buf, error_buf_size))
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
                 break;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SIMD != 0
@@ -767,12 +842,16 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                 cur_value.v128.i64x2[0] = high;
                 cur_value.v128.i64x2[1] = low;
 
-                if (!push_const_expr_stack(
-                        &const_expr_ctx, flag, VALUE_TYPE_V128,
+                if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
+                                           VALUE_TYPE_V128,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                                            NULL, 0,
 #endif
-                        &cur_value, error_buf, error_buf_size))
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                 /* If any init_expr is v128.const, mark SIMD used */
@@ -783,7 +862,92 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 #endif /* end of (WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0) || (WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0) || \
           (WASM_ENABLE_FAST_INTERP != 0) */
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_SIMD */
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+            {
 
+                InitializerExpression *l_expr, *r_expr;
+                WASMValue l_value, r_value;
+                uint8 l_flag, r_flag;
+                uint8 value_type;
+
+                if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD
+                    || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB
+                    || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL) {
+                    value_type = VALUE_TYPE_I32;
+                }
+                else {
+                    value_type = VALUE_TYPE_I64;
+                }
+
+                /* If right flag indicates a binary operation, right expr will
+                 * be popped from stack. Otherwise, allocate a new expr for
+                 * right expr. Same for left expr.
+                 */
+                if (!(pop_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, &r_flag, value_type,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
+                                           NULL, NULL,
+#endif
+                                           &r_value, &r_expr, error_buf,
+                                           error_buf_size))) {
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                if (!is_expr_binary_op(r_flag)) {
+                    if (!(r_expr = loader_malloc(sizeof(InitializerExpression),
+                                                 error_buf, error_buf_size))) {
+                        goto fail;
+                    }
+                    r_expr->init_expr_type = r_flag;
+                    r_expr->u.unary.v = r_value;
+                }
+
+                if (!(pop_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, &l_flag, value_type,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
+                                           NULL, NULL,
+#endif
+                                           &l_value, &l_expr, error_buf,
+                                           error_buf_size))) {
+                    destroy_init_expr_recursive(r_expr);
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                if (!is_expr_binary_op(l_flag)) {
+                    if (!(l_expr = loader_malloc(sizeof(InitializerExpression),
+                                                 error_buf, error_buf_size))) {
+                        destroy_init_expr_recursive(r_expr);
+                        goto fail;
+                    }
+                    l_expr->init_expr_type = l_flag;
+                    l_expr->u.unary.v = l_value;
+                }
+
+                if (!(cur_expr = loader_malloc(sizeof(InitializerExpression),
+                                               error_buf, error_buf_size))) {
+                    destroy_init_expr_recursive(l_expr);
+                    destroy_init_expr_recursive(r_expr);
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                cur_expr->init_expr_type = flag;
+                cur_expr->u.binary.l_expr = l_expr;
+                cur_expr->u.binary.r_expr = r_expr;
+
+                if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag, value_type,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
+                                           NULL, 0,
+#endif
+                                           &cur_value, cur_expr, error_buf,
+                                           error_buf_size)) {
+                    destroy_init_expr_recursive(cur_expr);
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
             /* ref.func */
             case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST:
@@ -799,6 +963,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
                                            VALUE_TYPE_FUNCREF, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
                                            error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
 #else
@@ -816,8 +983,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                                              false, type_idx);
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
                                            cur_ref_type.ref_type, &cur_ref_type,
-                                           0, &cur_value, error_buf,
-                                           error_buf_size))
+                                           0, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
 #endif
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
@@ -831,19 +1001,27 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
             {
                 uint8 type1;
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
                 CHECK_BUF(p, p_end, 1);
                 type1 = read_uint8(p);
 
-#if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
                 cur_value.ref_index = NULL_REF;
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag, type1,
-                                           &cur_value, error_buf,
-                                           error_buf_size))
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
 #else
+                int32 heap_type;
+                read_leb_int32(p, p_end, heap_type);
+                type1 = (uint8)((int32)0x80 + heap_type);
+
                 cur_value.gc_obj = NULL_REF;
 
                 if (!is_byte_a_type(type1)
+                    || !wasm_is_valid_heap_type(heap_type)
                     || wasm_is_type_multi_byte_type(type1)) {
                     p--;
                     read_leb_uint32(p, p_end, type_idx);
@@ -856,13 +1034,19 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                     if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
                                                cur_ref_type.ref_type,
                                                &cur_ref_type, 0, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                               NULL,
+#endif
                                                error_buf, error_buf_size))
                         goto fail;
                 }
                 else {
                     if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag, type1,
-                                               NULL, 0, &cur_value, error_buf,
-                                               error_buf_size))
+                                               NULL, 0, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                               NULL,
+#endif
+                                               error_buf, error_buf_size))
                         goto fail;
                 }
 #endif
@@ -951,8 +1135,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                                            &cur_ref_type, 0,
 #endif
-                                           &cur_value, error_buf,
-                                           error_buf_size))
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
                     goto fail;
 
                 break;
@@ -1015,6 +1202,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                                     &const_expr_ctx, NULL, field_type,
                                     field_ref_type, NULL,
                                     &struct_init_values->fields[field_idx],
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                    NULL,
+#endif
                                     error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                                 destroy_init_expr_data_recursive(
                                     module, struct_init_values);
@@ -1028,6 +1218,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                         if (!push_const_expr_stack(
                                 &const_expr_ctx, flag, cur_ref_type.ref_type,
                                 &cur_ref_type, (uint8)opcode1, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                NULL,
+#endif
                                 error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                             destroy_init_expr_data_recursive(
                                 module, struct_init_values);
@@ -1059,6 +1252,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                         if (!push_const_expr_stack(
                                 &const_expr_ctx, flag, cur_ref_type.ref_type,
                                 &cur_ref_type, (uint8)opcode1, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                NULL,
+#endif
                                 error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                             goto fail;
                         }
@@ -1107,8 +1303,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
                                 if (!pop_const_expr_stack(
                                         &const_expr_ctx, NULL, VALUE_TYPE_I32,
-                                        NULL, NULL, &len_val, error_buf,
-                                        error_buf_size)) {
+                                        NULL, NULL, &len_val,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                        NULL,
+#endif
+                                        error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                                     goto fail;
                                 }
 
@@ -1127,6 +1326,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                                         &const_expr_ctx, NULL, elem_type,
                                         elem_ref_type, NULL,
                                         &array_init_values->elem_data[0],
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                        NULL,
+#endif
                                         error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                                     destroy_init_expr_data_recursive(
                                         module, array_init_values);
@@ -1159,6 +1361,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                                             elem_ref_type, NULL,
                                             &array_init_values
                                                  ->elem_data[i - 1],
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                            NULL,
+#endif
                                             error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                                         destroy_init_expr_data_recursive(
                                             module, array_init_values);
@@ -1175,10 +1380,13 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                             uint32 len;
 
                             /* POP(i32) */
-                            if (!pop_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, NULL,
-                                                      VALUE_TYPE_I32, NULL,
-                                                      NULL, &len_val, error_buf,
-                                                      error_buf_size)) {
+                            if (!pop_const_expr_stack(
+                                    &const_expr_ctx, NULL, VALUE_TYPE_I32, NULL,
+                                    NULL, &len_val,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                    NULL,
+#endif
+                                    error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                                 goto fail;
                             }
                             len = len_val.i32;
@@ -1192,6 +1400,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                         if (!push_const_expr_stack(
                                 &const_expr_ctx, flag, cur_ref_type.ref_type,
                                 &cur_ref_type, (uint8)opcode1, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                NULL,
+#endif
                                 error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                             if (array_init_values) {
                                 destroy_init_expr_data_recursive(
@@ -1218,9 +1429,13 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                     case WASM_OP_REF_I31:
                     {
                         /* POP(i32) */
-                        if (!pop_const_expr_stack(
-                                &const_expr_ctx, NULL, VALUE_TYPE_I32, NULL,
-                                NULL, &cur_value, error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                        if (!pop_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, NULL,
+                                                  VALUE_TYPE_I32, NULL, NULL,
+                                                  &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                                  NULL,
+#endif
+                                                  error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                             goto fail;
                         }
 
@@ -1229,6 +1444,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                         if (!push_const_expr_stack(
                                 &const_expr_ctx, flag, cur_ref_type.ref_type,
                                 &cur_ref_type, (uint8)opcode1, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                NULL,
+#endif
                                 error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                             goto fail;
                         }
@@ -1263,7 +1481,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                               ref_type, &opcode,
 #endif
-                              &cur_value, error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                              &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                              &cur_expr,
+#endif
+                              error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -1273,8 +1495,21 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
         goto fail;
     }
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    if (cur_expr != NULL) {
+        bh_memcpy_s(init_expr, sizeof(InitializerExpression), cur_expr,
+                    sizeof(InitializerExpression));
+        wasm_runtime_free(cur_expr);
+    }
+    else {
         init_expr->init_expr_type = flag;
-    init_expr->u = cur_value;
+        init_expr->u.unary.v = cur_value;
+    }
+
+#else
+    init_expr->init_expr_type = flag;
+    init_expr->u.unary.v = cur_value;
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0 */
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
     if (init_expr->init_expr_type == WASM_OP_GC_PREFIX) {
@@ -1305,11 +1540,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
 
     *p_buf = p;
-    destroy_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx);
+    destroy_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, false);
     return true;
 
 fail:
-    destroy_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx);
+    destroy_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, true);
     return false;
 }
 
@@ -2037,9 +2272,9 @@ load_type_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
                                       "recursive type count too large");
                         return false;
                     }
-                    module->type_count += rec_count - 1;
                     new_total_size =
-                        sizeof(WASMFuncType *) * (uint64)module->type_count;
+                        sizeof(WASMFuncType *)
+                        * (uint64)(module->type_count + rec_count - 1);
                     if (new_total_size > UINT32_MAX) {
                         set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                                       "allocate memory failed");
@@ -2047,6 +2282,7 @@ load_type_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
                     }
                     MEM_REALLOC(module->types, (uint32)total_size,
                                 (uint32)new_total_size);
+                    module->type_count += rec_count - 1;
                     total_size = new_total_size;
                 }
 
@@ -2583,7 +2819,8 @@ load_table_import(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                             error_buf_size)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (wasm_is_reftype_htref_non_nullable(ref_type.ref_type)) {
+    if (!wasm_is_type_reftype(ref_type.ref_type)
+        || wasm_is_reftype_htref_non_nullable(ref_type.ref_type)) {
         set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size, "type mismatch");
         return false;
     }
@@ -3109,6 +3346,15 @@ load_table(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
                             error_buf_size)) {
         return false;
     }
+    /*
+     * TODO: add this validator
+     *   `wasm_is_reftype_htref_non_nullable(ref_type.ref_type)`
+     * after sync up with the latest GC spec
+     */
+    if (!wasm_is_type_reftype(ref_type.ref_type)) {
+        set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size, "type mismatch");
+        return false;
+    }
     table->table_type.elem_type = ref_type.ref_type;
     if (need_ref_type_map) {
         if (!(table->table_type.elem_ref_type =
@@ -3336,7 +3582,8 @@ load_import_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
                     /* valtype */
                     CHECK_BUF(p, p_end, 1);
                     global_type = read_uint8(p);
-                    if (wasm_is_reftype_htref_nullable(global_type)) {
+                    if (wasm_is_reftype_htref_nullable(global_type)
+                        || wasm_is_reftype_htref_non_nullable(global_type)) {
                         int32 heap_type;
                         read_leb_int32(p, p_end, heap_type);
                         (void)heap_type;
@@ -3697,7 +3944,7 @@ load_function_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
              * we shall make a copy of code body [p_code, p_code + code_size]
              * when we are worrying about inappropriate releasing behaviour.
              * all code bodies are actually in a buffer which user allocates in
-             * his embedding environment and we don't have power on them.
+             * their embedding environment and we don't have power over them.
              * it will be like:
              * code_body_cp = malloc(code_size);
              * memcpy(code_body_cp, p_code, code_size);
@@ -4055,9 +4302,9 @@ load_global_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
             if (global->init_expr.init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
                 uint8 global_type;
                 WASMRefType *global_ref_type;
-                uint32 global_idx = global->init_expr.u.global_index;
+                uint32 global_idx = global->init_expr.u.unary.v.global_index;
 
-                if (global->init_expr.u.global_index
+                if (global->init_expr.u.unary.v.global_index
                     >= module->import_global_count + i) {
                     set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size, "unknown global");
                     return false;
@@ -4454,7 +4701,7 @@ load_func_index_vec(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
         }
 
         init_expr->init_expr_type = INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST;
-        init_expr->u.ref_index = function_index;
+        init_expr->u.unary.v.ref_index = function_index;
     }
 
     *p_buf = p;
@@ -4727,7 +4974,7 @@ load_table_segment_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 != 0
             if (table_elem_idx_type == VALUE_TYPE_I64
-                && table_segment->base_offset.u.u64 > UINT32_MAX) {
+                && table_segment->base_offset.u.unary.v.u64 > UINT32_MAX) {
                 set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                               "In table64, table base offset can't be "
                               "larger than UINT32_MAX");
@@ -4887,6 +5134,9 @@ load_data_segment_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
             if (!(dataseg = module->data_segments[i] = loader_malloc(
                       sizeof(WASMDataSeg), error_buf, error_buf_size))) {
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                destroy_init_expr(module, &init_expr);
+#endif
                 return false;
             }
 
@@ -6014,7 +6264,8 @@ load_from_sections(WASMModule *module, WASMSection *sections,
                     && global->init_expr.init_expr_type
                            == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST) {
                     aux_heap_base_global = global;
-                    aux_heap_base = (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.i32;
+                    aux_heap_base =
+                        (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.unary.v.i32;
                     aux_heap_base_global_index = export->index;
                     LOG_VERBOSE("Found aux __heap_base global, value: %" PRIu64,
                                 aux_heap_base);
@@ -6035,7 +6286,8 @@ load_from_sections(WASMModule *module, WASMSection *sections,
                     && global->init_expr.init_expr_type
                            == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST) {
                     aux_data_end_global = global;
-                    aux_data_end = (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.i32;
+                    aux_data_end =
+                        (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.unary.v.i32;
                     aux_data_end_global_index = export->index;
                     LOG_VERBOSE("Found aux __data_end global, value: %" PRIu64,
                                 aux_data_end);
@@ -6076,10 +6328,11 @@ load_from_sections(WASMModule *module, WASMSection *sections,
                         && global->type.val_type == VALUE_TYPE_I32
                         && global->init_expr.init_expr_type
                                == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST
-                        && (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.i32
+                        && (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.unary.v.i32
                                <= aux_heap_base) {
                         aux_stack_top_global = global;
-                        aux_stack_top = (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.i32;
+                        aux_stack_top =
+                            (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.unary.v.i32;
                         module->aux_stack_top_global_index =
                             module->import_global_count + global_index;
                         module->aux_stack_bottom = aux_stack_top;
@@ -6930,7 +7183,7 @@ wasm_loader_unload(WASMModule *module)
         wasm_runtime_free(module->memories);
 
     if (module->globals) {
-#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
         for (i = 0; i < module->global_count; i++) {
             destroy_init_expr(module, &module->globals[i].init_expr);
         }
@@ -6963,6 +7216,9 @@ wasm_loader_unload(WASMModule *module)
 #endif
                 wasm_runtime_free(module->table_segments[i].init_values);
             }
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+            destroy_init_expr(module, &module->table_segments[i].base_offset);
+#endif
         }
         wasm_runtime_free(module->table_segments);
     }
@@ -6972,6 +7228,10 @@ wasm_loader_unload(WASMModule *module)
             if (module->data_segments[i]) {
                 if (module->data_segments[i]->is_data_cloned)
                     wasm_runtime_free(module->data_segments[i]->data);
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                destroy_init_expr(module,
+                                  &(module->data_segments[i]->base_offset));
+#endif
                 wasm_runtime_free(module->data_segments[i]);
             }
         }
@@ -13243,7 +13503,8 @@ re_scan:
                                 == VALUE_TYPE_FUNCREF
                             && module->globals[i].init_expr.init_expr_type
                                    == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
-                            && module->globals[i].init_expr.u.u32 == func_idx) {
+                            && module->globals[i].init_expr.u.unary.v.u32
+                                   == func_idx) {
                             func_declared = true;
                             break;
                         }
@@ -13272,7 +13533,8 @@ re_scan:
 #endif
                             ) {
                                 for (j = 0; j < table_seg->value_count; j++) {
-                                    if (table_seg->init_values[j].u.ref_index
+                                    if (table_seg->init_values[j]
+                                            .u.unary.v.ref_index
                                         == func_idx) {
                                         func_declared = true;
                                         break;
@@ -15008,8 +15270,6 @@ re_scan:
                     case WASM_OP_STRING_NEW_LOSSY_UTF8:
                     case WASM_OP_STRING_NEW_WTF8:
                     {
-                        uint32 memidx;
-
 #if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                         func->has_memory_operations = true;
 #endif
@@ -15021,7 +15281,6 @@ re_scan:
                         POP_I32();
                         POP_I32();
                         PUSH_REF(REF_TYPE_STRINGREF);
-                        (void)memidx;
                         break;
                     }
                     case WASM_OP_STRING_CONST:
@@ -15049,8 +15308,6 @@ re_scan:
                     case WASM_OP_STRING_ENCODE_LOSSY_UTF8:
                     case WASM_OP_STRING_ENCODE_WTF8:
                     {
-                        uint32 memidx;
-
 #if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                         func->has_memory_operations = true;
 #endif
@@ -15062,7 +15319,6 @@ re_scan:
                         POP_I32();
                         POP_STRINGREF();
                         PUSH_I32();
-                        (void)memidx;
                         break;
                     }
                     case WASM_OP_STRING_CONCAT:
@@ -15103,8 +15359,6 @@ re_scan:
                     case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF8_ENCODE_LOSSY_UTF8:
                     case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF8_ENCODE_WTF8:
                     {
-                        uint32 memidx;
-
 #if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                         func->has_memory_operations = true;
 #endif
@@ -15119,7 +15373,6 @@ re_scan:
                         POP_REF(REF_TYPE_STRINGVIEWWTF8);
                         PUSH_I32();
                         PUSH_I32();
-                        (void)memidx;
                         break;
                     }
                     case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF8_SLICE:
@@ -15151,8 +15404,6 @@ re_scan:
                     }
                     case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF16_ENCODE:
                     {
-                        uint32 memidx;
-
 #if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_WAMR_COMPILER != 0
                         func->has_memory_operations = true;
 #endif
@@ -15166,7 +15417,6 @@ re_scan:
                         POP_I32();
                         POP_REF(REF_TYPE_STRINGVIEWWTF16);
                         PUSH_I32();
-                        (void)memidx;
                         break;
                     }
                     case WASM_OP_STRINGVIEW_WTF16_SLICE:

core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_mini_loader.c

@@ -261,6 +261,9 @@ typedef struct InitValue {
     uint8 type;
     uint8 flag;
     WASMValue value;
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    InitializerExpression *expr;
+#endif
 } InitValue;
 
 typedef struct ConstExprContext {
@@ -282,7 +285,11 @@ init_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, WASMModule *module)
 
 static bool
 push_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, uint8 flag, uint8 type,
-                      WASMValue *value, char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
+                      WASMValue *value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                      InitializerExpression *expr,
+#endif
+                      char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
 {
     InitValue *cur_value;
 
@@ -305,6 +312,9 @@ push_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, uint8 flag, uint8 type,
     cur_value->type = type;
     cur_value->flag = flag;
     cur_value->value = *value;
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    cur_value->expr = expr;
+#endif
 
     return true;
 fail:
@@ -313,7 +323,11 @@ fail:
 
 static bool
 pop_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, uint8 *p_flag, uint8 type,
-                     WASMValue *p_value, char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
+                     WASMValue *p_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                     InitializerExpression **p_expr,
+#endif
+                     char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
 {
     InitValue *cur_value;
 
@@ -331,18 +345,50 @@ pop_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, uint8 *p_flag, uint8 type,
         *p_flag = cur_value->flag;
     if (p_value)
         *p_value = cur_value->value;
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    if (p_expr)
+        *p_expr = cur_value->expr;
+#endif
 
     return true;
 }
 
 static void
-destroy_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx)
+destroy_const_expr_stack(ConstExprContext *ctx, bool free_exprs)
 {
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    if (free_exprs) {
+        for (uint32 j = 0; j < ctx->sp; j++) {
+            if (is_expr_binary_op(ctx->stack[j].expr->init_expr_type)) {
+                destroy_init_expr_recursive(ctx->stack[j].expr);
+                ctx->stack[j].expr = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+#endif
     if (ctx->stack != ctx->data) {
         wasm_runtime_free(ctx->stack);
     }
 }
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+static void
+destroy_init_expr(InitializerExpression *expr)
+{
+    // free left expr and right exprs for binary oprand
+    if (is_expr_binary_op(expr->init_expr_type)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (expr->u.binary.l_expr) {
+        destroy_init_expr_recursive(expr->u.binary.l_expr);
+    }
+    if (expr->u.binary.r_expr) {
+        destroy_init_expr_recursive(expr->u.binary.r_expr);
+    }
+    expr->u.binary.l_expr = expr->u.binary.r_expr = NULL;
+}
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0 */
+
 static bool
 load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                InitializerExpression *init_expr, uint8 type, char *error_buf,
@@ -353,6 +399,9 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
     uint32 i;
     ConstExprContext const_expr_ctx = { 0 };
     WASMValue cur_value = { 0 };
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    InitializerExpression *cur_expr = NULL;
+#endif
 
     init_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, module);
 
@@ -367,8 +416,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
                                            VALUE_TYPE_I32, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
                                            error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
-                    bh_assert(0);
+                    goto fail;
                 }
                 break;
             /* i64.const */
@@ -377,8 +429,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
                                            VALUE_TYPE_I64, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
                                            error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
-                    bh_assert(0);
+                    goto fail;
                 }
                 break;
             /* f32.const */
@@ -390,8 +445,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
                                            VALUE_TYPE_F32, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
                                            error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
-                    bh_assert(0);
+                    goto fail;
                 }
                 break;
             /* f64.const */
@@ -403,8 +461,11 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
                                            VALUE_TYPE_F64, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
                                            error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
-                    bh_assert(0);
+                    goto fail;
                 }
                 break;
 
@@ -417,13 +478,16 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                 cur_value.ref_index = func_idx;
                 if (!check_function_index(module, func_idx, error_buf,
                                           error_buf_size)) {
-                    bh_assert(0);
+                    goto fail;
                 }
 
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag,
                                            VALUE_TYPE_FUNCREF, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
                                            error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
-                    bh_assert(0);
+                    goto fail;
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -438,9 +502,12 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
                 cur_value.ref_index = UINT32_MAX;
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag, type1,
-                                           &cur_value, error_buf,
-                                           error_buf_size)) {
-                    bh_assert(0);
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                    goto fail;
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -471,15 +538,93 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
                 }
 
                 if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag, global_type,
-                                           &cur_value, error_buf,
-                                           error_buf_size))
-                    bh_assert(0);
+                                           &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                                           NULL,
+#endif
+                                           error_buf, error_buf_size))
+                    goto fail;
 
                 break;
             }
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+            {
+                InitializerExpression *l_expr, *r_expr;
+                WASMValue l_value, r_value;
+                uint8 l_flag, r_flag;
+                uint8 value_type;
+
+                if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD
+                    || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB
+                    || flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL) {
+                    value_type = VALUE_TYPE_I32;
+                }
+                else {
+                    value_type = VALUE_TYPE_I64;
+                }
+
+                /* If right flag indicates a binary operation, right expr will
+                 * be popped from stack. Otherwise, allocate a new expr for
+                 * right expr. Same for left expr.
+                 */
+                if (!(pop_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, &r_flag, value_type,
+                                           &r_value, &r_expr, error_buf,
+                                           error_buf_size))) {
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                if (!is_expr_binary_op(r_flag)) {
+                    if (!(r_expr = loader_malloc(sizeof(InitializerExpression),
+                                                 error_buf, error_buf_size))) {
+                        goto fail;
+                    }
+                    r_expr->init_expr_type = r_flag;
+                    r_expr->u.unary.v = r_value;
+                }
+
+                if (!(pop_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, &l_flag, value_type,
+                                           &l_value, &l_expr, error_buf,
+                                           error_buf_size))) {
+                    destroy_init_expr_recursive(r_expr);
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                if (!is_expr_binary_op(l_flag)) {
+                    if (!(l_expr = loader_malloc(sizeof(InitializerExpression),
+                                                 error_buf, error_buf_size))) {
+                        destroy_init_expr_recursive(r_expr);
+                        goto fail;
+                    }
+                    l_expr->init_expr_type = l_flag;
+                    l_expr->u.unary.v = l_value;
+                }
+
+                if (!(cur_expr = loader_malloc(sizeof(InitializerExpression),
+                                               error_buf, error_buf_size))) {
+                    destroy_init_expr_recursive(l_expr);
+                    destroy_init_expr_recursive(r_expr);
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                cur_expr->init_expr_type = flag;
+                cur_expr->u.binary.l_expr = l_expr;
+                cur_expr->u.binary.r_expr = r_expr;
+
+                if (!push_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, flag, value_type,
+                                           &cur_value, cur_expr, error_buf,
+                                           error_buf_size)) {
+                    destroy_init_expr_recursive(cur_expr);
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+#endif
             default:
             {
-                bh_assert(0);
+                goto fail;
             }
         }
 
@@ -489,18 +634,42 @@ load_init_expr(WASMModule *module, const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
     /* There should be only one value left on the init value stack */
     if (!pop_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, &flag, type, &cur_value,
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                              &cur_expr,
+#endif
                               error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
-        bh_assert(0);
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    bh_assert(const_expr_ctx.sp == 0);
+    if (const_expr_ctx.sp != 0) {
+        set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
+                      "type mismatch: illegal constant opcode sequence");
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+    if (cur_expr != NULL) {
+        bh_memcpy_s(init_expr, sizeof(InitializerExpression), cur_expr,
+                    sizeof(InitializerExpression));
+        wasm_runtime_free(cur_expr);
+    }
+    else {
         init_expr->init_expr_type = flag;
-    init_expr->u = cur_value;
+        init_expr->u.unary.v = cur_value;
+    }
+
+#else
+    init_expr->init_expr_type = flag;
+    init_expr->u.unary.v = cur_value;
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0 */
 
     *p_buf = p;
-    destroy_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx);
+    destroy_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, false);
     return true;
+
+fail:
+    destroy_const_expr_stack(&const_expr_ctx, true);
+    return false;
 }
 
 static bool
@@ -1226,7 +1395,7 @@ load_function_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
              * we shall make a copy of code body [p_code, p_code + code_size]
              * when we are worrying about inappropriate releasing behaviour.
              * all code bodies are actually in a buffer which user allocates in
-             * his embedding environment and we don't have power on them.
+             * their embedding environment and we don't have power over them.
              * it will be like:
              * code_body_cp = malloc(code_size);
              * memcpy(code_body_cp, p_code, code_size);
@@ -1385,13 +1554,14 @@ load_global_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end, WASMModule *module,
                  * global.get instructions are
                  * only allowed to refer to imported globals.
                  */
-                uint32 target_global_index = global->init_expr.u.global_index;
+                uint32 target_global_index =
+                    global->init_expr.u.unary.v.global_index;
                 bh_assert(target_global_index < module->import_global_count);
                 (void)target_global_index;
             }
             else if (INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
                      == global->init_expr.init_expr_type) {
-                bh_assert(global->init_expr.u.ref_index
+                bh_assert(global->init_expr.u.unary.v.ref_index
                           < module->import_function_count
                                 + module->function_count);
             }
@@ -1575,7 +1745,7 @@ load_func_index_vec(const uint8 **p_buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
         }
 
         init_expr->init_expr_type = INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST;
-        init_expr->u.ref_index = function_index;
+        init_expr->u.unary.v.ref_index = function_index;
     }
 
     *p_buf = p;
@@ -1890,6 +2060,9 @@ load_data_segment_section(const uint8 *buf, const uint8 *buf_end,
 
             if (!(dataseg = module->data_segments[i] = loader_malloc(
                       sizeof(WASMDataSeg), error_buf, error_buf_size))) {
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                destroy_init_expr(&init_expr);
+#endif
                 return false;
             }
 
@@ -2778,7 +2951,8 @@ load_from_sections(WASMModule *module, WASMSection *sections,
                     && global->init_expr.init_expr_type
                            == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST) {
                     aux_heap_base_global = global;
-                    aux_heap_base = (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.i32;
+                    aux_heap_base =
+                        (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.unary.v.i32;
                     aux_heap_base_global_index = export->index;
                     LOG_VERBOSE("Found aux __heap_base global, value: %" PRIu64,
                                 aux_heap_base);
@@ -2798,7 +2972,8 @@ load_from_sections(WASMModule *module, WASMSection *sections,
                     && global->init_expr.init_expr_type
                            == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST) {
                     aux_data_end_global = global;
-                    aux_data_end = (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.i32;
+                    aux_data_end =
+                        (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.unary.v.i32;
                     aux_data_end_global_index = export->index;
                     LOG_VERBOSE("Found aux __data_end global, value: %" PRIu64,
                                 aux_data_end);
@@ -2838,10 +3013,11 @@ load_from_sections(WASMModule *module, WASMSection *sections,
                         && global->type.val_type == VALUE_TYPE_I32
                         && global->init_expr.init_expr_type
                                == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST
-                        && (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.i32
+                        && (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.unary.v.i32
                                <= aux_heap_base) {
                         aux_stack_top_global = global;
-                        aux_stack_top = (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.i32;
+                        aux_stack_top =
+                            (uint64)(uint32)global->init_expr.u.unary.v.i32;
                         module->aux_stack_top_global_index =
                             module->import_global_count + global_index;
                         module->aux_stack_bottom = aux_stack_top;
@@ -3448,8 +3624,14 @@ wasm_loader_unload(WASMModule *module)
     if (module->memories)
         wasm_runtime_free(module->memories);
 
-    if (module->globals)
+    if (module->globals) {
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+        for (i = 0; i < module->global_count; i++) {
+            destroy_init_expr(&module->globals[i].init_expr);
+        }
+#endif
         wasm_runtime_free(module->globals);
+    }
 
     if (module->exports)
         wasm_runtime_free(module->exports);
@@ -3458,6 +3640,9 @@ wasm_loader_unload(WASMModule *module)
         for (i = 0; i < module->table_seg_count; i++) {
             if (module->table_segments[i].init_values)
                 wasm_runtime_free(module->table_segments[i].init_values);
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+            destroy_init_expr(&module->table_segments[i].base_offset);
+#endif
         }
         wasm_runtime_free(module->table_segments);
     }
@@ -3467,6 +3652,9 @@ wasm_loader_unload(WASMModule *module)
             if (module->data_segments[i]) {
                 if (module->data_segments[i]->is_data_cloned)
                     wasm_runtime_free(module->data_segments[i]->data);
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+                destroy_init_expr(&module->data_segments[i]->base_offset);
+#endif
                 wasm_runtime_free(module->data_segments[i]);
             }
         }
@@ -7320,7 +7508,8 @@ re_scan:
                                 == VALUE_TYPE_FUNCREF
                             && module->globals[i].init_expr.init_expr_type
                                    == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
-                            && module->globals[i].init_expr.u.u32 == func_idx) {
+                            && module->globals[i].init_expr.u.unary.v.ref_index
+                                   == func_idx) {
                             func_declared = true;
                             break;
                         }
@@ -7334,7 +7523,8 @@ re_scan:
                              i++, table_seg++) {
                             if (table_seg->elem_type == VALUE_TYPE_FUNCREF) {
                                 for (j = 0; j < table_seg->value_count; j++) {
-                                    if (table_seg->init_values[j].u.ref_index
+                                    if (table_seg->init_values[j]
+                                            .u.unary.v.ref_index
                                         == func_idx) {
                                         func_declared = true;
                                         break;

core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.c

@@ -1165,6 +1165,81 @@ instantiate_array_global_recursive(WASMModule *module,
 }
 #endif
 
+static bool
+get_init_value_recursive(WASMModule *module, InitializerExpression *expr,
+                         WASMGlobalInstance *globals, WASMValue *value,
+                         char *error_buf, uint32 error_buf_size)
+{
+    uint8 flag = expr->init_expr_type;
+    switch (flag) {
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL:
+        {
+            if (!check_global_init_expr(module, expr->u.unary.v.global_index,
+                                        error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+
+            *value = globals[expr->u.unary.v.global_index].initial_value;
+            break;
+        }
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST:
+        {
+            *value = expr->u.unary.v;
+            break;
+        }
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+        case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+        {
+            WASMValue l_value, r_value;
+            if (!expr->u.binary.l_expr || !expr->u.binary.r_expr) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            if (!get_init_value_recursive(module, expr->u.binary.l_expr,
+                                          globals, &l_value, error_buf,
+                                          error_buf_size)) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+            if (!get_init_value_recursive(module, expr->u.binary.r_expr,
+                                          globals, &r_value, error_buf,
+                                          error_buf_size)) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+
+            if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD) {
+                value->i32 = l_value.i32 + r_value.i32;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB) {
+                value->i32 = l_value.i32 - r_value.i32;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL) {
+                value->i32 = l_value.i32 * r_value.i32;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD) {
+                value->i64 = l_value.i64 + r_value.i64;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB) {
+                value->i64 = l_value.i64 - r_value.i64;
+            }
+            else if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL) {
+                value->i64 = l_value.i64 * r_value.i64;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+#endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0 */
+        default:
+            goto fail;
+    }
+    return true;
+fail:
+    return false;
+}
+
 /**
  * Instantiate globals in a module.
  */
@@ -1209,7 +1284,7 @@ globals_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
             /* The linked global instance has been initialized, we
                just need to copy the value. */
             global->initial_value =
-                global_import->import_global_linked->init_expr.u;
+                global_import->import_global_linked->init_expr.u.unary.v;
         }
         else
 #endif
@@ -1245,17 +1320,23 @@ globals_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
 #endif
 
         switch (flag) {
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST:
             case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL:
+#if WASM_ENABLE_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR != 0
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_ADD:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_SUB:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_MUL:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_ADD:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_SUB:
+            case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_MUL:
+#endif
             {
-                if (!check_global_init_expr(module, init_expr->u.global_index,
-                                            error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+                if (!get_init_value_recursive(module, init_expr, globals,
+                                              &global->initial_value, error_buf,
+                                              error_buf_size)) {
                     goto fail;
                 }
-
-                bh_memcpy_s(
-                    &(global->initial_value), sizeof(WASMValue),
-                    &(globals[init_expr->u.global_index].initial_value),
-                    sizeof(globals[init_expr->u.global_index].initial_value));
                 break;
             }
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
@@ -1267,11 +1348,12 @@ globals_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
                 uint32 type_idx;
 
                 if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW) {
-                    init_values = (WASMStructNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.data;
+                    init_values =
+                        (WASMStructNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.unary.v.data;
                     type_idx = init_values->type_idx;
                 }
                 else {
-                    type_idx = init_expr->u.type_index;
+                    type_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.type_index;
                 }
 
                 struct_obj = instantiate_struct_global_recursive(
@@ -1294,12 +1376,14 @@ globals_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
                 uint32 type_idx, len;
 
                 if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_DEFAULT) {
-                    type_idx = init_expr->u.array_new_default.type_index;
-                    len = init_expr->u.array_new_default.length;
+                    type_idx =
+                        init_expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.type_index;
+                    len = init_expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.length;
                     array_init_value = &empty_value;
                 }
                 else {
-                    init_values = (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.data;
+                    init_values =
+                        (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.unary.v.data;
                     type_idx = init_values->type_idx;
                     len = init_values->length;
 
@@ -1318,13 +1402,12 @@ globals_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
             case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I31_NEW:
             {
                 global->initial_value.gc_obj =
-                    (wasm_obj_t)wasm_i31_obj_new(init_expr->u.i32);
+                    (wasm_obj_t)wasm_i31_obj_new(init_expr->u.unary.v.i32);
                 break;
             }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
             default:
-                bh_memcpy_s(&(global->initial_value), sizeof(WASMValue),
-                            &(init_expr->u), sizeof(init_expr->u));
+                global->initial_value = init_expr->u.unary.v;
                 break;
         }
 
@@ -2668,7 +2751,7 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
                         }
                         STORE_PTR((void **)global_data, func_obj);
                         global_data += sizeof(void *);
-                        /* Also update the inital_value since other globals may
+                        /* Also update the initial_value since other globals may
                          * refer to this */
                         global->initial_value.gc_obj = (wasm_obj_t)func_obj;
                         break;
@@ -2698,6 +2781,7 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
         uint8 *memory_data = NULL;
         uint64 memory_size = 0;
         WASMDataSeg *data_seg = module->data_segments[i];
+        WASMValue offset_value;
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_BULK_MEMORY != 0
         if (data_seg->is_passive)
@@ -2717,54 +2801,37 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
             (uint64)memory->num_bytes_per_page * memory->cur_page_count;
         bh_assert(memory_data || memory_size == 0);
 
-        bh_assert(data_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-                      == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
-                  || data_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-                         == (memory->is_memory64 ? INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I64_CONST
-                                                 : INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST));
+        uint8 offset_flag = data_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type;
+        bh_assert(offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
+                  || (memory->is_memory64 ? is_valid_i64_offset(offset_flag)
+                                          : is_valid_i32_offset(offset_flag)));
 
-        if (data_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
-            if (!check_global_init_expr(module,
-                                        data_seg->base_offset.u.global_index,
-                                        error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+        if (!get_init_value_recursive(module, &data_seg->base_offset, globals,
+                                      &offset_value, error_buf,
+                                      error_buf_size)) {
             goto fail;
         }
 
+        if (offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
             if (!globals
-                || globals[data_seg->base_offset.u.global_index].type
+                || globals[data_seg->base_offset.u.unary.v.global_index].type
                        != (memory->is_memory64 ? VALUE_TYPE_I64
                                                : VALUE_TYPE_I32)) {
                 set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                               "data segment does not fit");
                 goto fail;
             }
+        }
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 != 0
         if (memory->is_memory64) {
-                base_offset =
-                    (uint64)globals[data_seg->base_offset.u.global_index]
-                        .initial_value.i64;
+            base_offset = (uint64)offset_value.i64;
         }
         else
 #endif
         {
-                base_offset =
-                    (uint32)globals[data_seg->base_offset.u.global_index]
-                        .initial_value.i32;
+            base_offset = (uint32)offset_value.i32;
         }
-        }
-        else {
-#if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 != 0
-            if (memory->is_memory64) {
-                base_offset = (uint64)data_seg->base_offset.u.i64;
-            }
-            else
-#endif
-            {
-                base_offset = (uint32)data_seg->base_offset.u.i32;
-            }
-        }
-
         /* check offset */
         if (base_offset > memory_size) {
 #if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY64 != 0
@@ -2818,6 +2885,7 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
 #else
     module_inst->e->shared_heap_start_off.u32[0] = UINT32_MAX;
 #endif
+    module_inst->e->shared_heap = NULL;
 #endif
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
@@ -2841,36 +2909,39 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
             || table->init_expr.init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST);
 
         if (table->init_expr.init_expr_type == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
-            if (!check_global_init_expr(module, table->init_expr.u.global_index,
+            if (!check_global_init_expr(module,
+                                        table->init_expr.u.unary.v.global_index,
                                         error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                 goto fail;
             }
 
-            table->init_expr.u.gc_obj =
-                globals[table->init_expr.u.global_index].initial_value.gc_obj;
+            table->init_expr.u.unary.v.gc_obj =
+                globals[table->init_expr.u.unary.v.global_index]
+                    .initial_value.gc_obj;
         }
         else if (table->init_expr.init_expr_type
                  == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST) {
-            uint32 func_idx = table->init_expr.u.ref_index;
+            uint32 func_idx = table->init_expr.u.unary.v.ref_index;
             if (func_idx != UINT32_MAX) {
-                if (!(table->init_expr.u.gc_obj =
+                if (!(table->init_expr.u.unary.v.gc_obj =
                           wasm_create_func_obj(module_inst, func_idx, false,
                                                error_buf, error_buf_size)))
                     goto fail;
             }
             else {
-                table->init_expr.u.gc_obj = NULL_REF;
+                table->init_expr.u.unary.v.gc_obj = NULL_REF;
             }
         }
         else if (table->init_expr.init_expr_type
                  == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST) {
-            table->init_expr.u.gc_obj = NULL_REF;
+            table->init_expr.u.unary.v.gc_obj = NULL_REF;
         }
 
         LOG_DEBUG("Init table [%d] elements from [%d] to [%d] as: %p", i, 0,
-                  table_inst->cur_size, (void *)table->init_expr.u.gc_obj);
+                  table_inst->cur_size,
+                  (void *)table->init_expr.u.unary.v.gc_obj);
         for (j = 0; j < table_inst->cur_size; j++) {
-            *(table_data + j) = table->init_expr.u.gc_obj;
+            *(table_data + j) = table->init_expr.u.unary.v.gc_obj;
         }
     }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
@@ -2882,6 +2953,7 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
         /* has check it in loader */
         WASMTableInstance *table = module_inst->tables[table_seg->table_index];
         table_elem_type_t *table_data;
+        WASMValue offset_value;
         uint32 j;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
         uint8 tbl_elem_type;
@@ -2940,48 +3012,37 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
             continue;
 #endif
 
+        uint8 offset_flag = table_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type;
 #if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
-        bh_assert(table_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-                      == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST
-                  || table_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
-                  || table_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
-                  || table_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST);
+        bh_assert(offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST
+                  || offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_REFNULL_CONST
+                  || is_valid_i32_offset(offset_flag));
 #else
-        bh_assert(table_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-                      == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I32_CONST
-                  || table_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-                         == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL);
+        bh_assert(offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL
+                  || is_valid_i32_offset(offset_flag));
 #endif
 
-        /* init vec(funcidx) or vec(expr) */
-        if (table_seg->base_offset.init_expr_type
-            == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
-            if (!check_global_init_expr(module,
-                                        table_seg->base_offset.u.global_index,
-                                        error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
+        if (!get_init_value_recursive(module, &table_seg->base_offset, globals,
+                                      &offset_value, error_buf,
+                                      error_buf_size)) {
             goto fail;
         }
 
+        if (offset_flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL) {
             if (!globals
-                || globals[table_seg->base_offset.u.global_index].type
+                || globals[table_seg->base_offset.u.unary.v.global_index].type
                        != VALUE_TYPE_I32) {
                 set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                               "type mismatch: elements segment does not fit");
                 goto fail;
             }
-
-            table_seg->base_offset.u.i32 =
-                globals[table_seg->base_offset.u.global_index]
-                    .initial_value.i32;
         }
 
         /* check offset since length might negative */
-        if ((uint32)table_seg->base_offset.u.i32 > table->cur_size) {
-            LOG_DEBUG("base_offset(%d) > table->cur_size(%d)",
-                      table_seg->base_offset.u.i32, table->cur_size);
+        if ((uint32)offset_value.i32 > table->cur_size) {
+            LOG_DEBUG("base_offset(%d) > table->cur_size(%d)", offset_value.i32,
+                      table->cur_size);
 #if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
             set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                           "out of bounds table access");
@@ -2994,9 +3055,9 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
 
         /* check offset + length(could be zero) */
         length = table_seg->value_count;
-        if ((uint32)table_seg->base_offset.u.i32 + length > table->cur_size) {
+        if ((uint32)offset_value.i32 + length > table->cur_size) {
             LOG_DEBUG("base_offset(%d) + length(%d)> table->cur_size(%d)",
-                      table_seg->base_offset.u.i32, length, table->cur_size);
+                      offset_value.i32, length, table->cur_size);
 #if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0 || WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
             set_error_buf(error_buf, error_buf_size,
                           "out of bounds table access");
@@ -3026,10 +3087,10 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
                 case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_FUNCREF_CONST:
                 {
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC == 0
-                    ref = (void *)(uintptr_t)init_expr->u.ref_index;
+                    ref = (void *)(uintptr_t)init_expr->u.unary.v.ref_index;
 #else
                     WASMFuncObjectRef func_obj;
-                    uint32 func_idx = init_expr->u.ref_index;
+                    uint32 func_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.ref_index;
                     /* UINT32_MAX indicates that it is a null reference */
                     if (func_idx != UINT32_MAX) {
                         if (!(func_obj = wasm_create_func_obj(
@@ -3048,14 +3109,14 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
                 case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_GET_GLOBAL:
                 {
-                    if (!check_global_init_expr(module,
-                                                init_expr->u.global_index,
+                    if (!check_global_init_expr(
+                            module, init_expr->u.unary.v.global_index,
                             error_buf, error_buf_size)) {
                         goto fail;
                     }
 
-                    ref =
-                        globals[init_expr->u.global_index].initial_value.gc_obj;
+                    ref = globals[init_expr->u.unary.v.global_index]
+                              .initial_value.gc_obj;
                     break;
                 }
                 case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW:
@@ -3068,12 +3129,12 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
                     uint32 type_idx;
 
                     if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_STRUCT_NEW) {
-                        init_values =
-                            (WASMStructNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.data;
+                        init_values = (WASMStructNewInitValues *)
+                                          init_expr->u.unary.v.data;
                         type_idx = init_values->type_idx;
                     }
                     else {
-                        type_idx = init_expr->u.type_index;
+                        type_idx = init_expr->u.unary.v.type_index;
                     }
 
                     struct_type = (WASMStructType *)module->types[type_idx];
@@ -3124,13 +3185,14 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
                     uint32 type_idx, len;
 
                     if (flag == INIT_EXPR_TYPE_ARRAY_NEW_DEFAULT) {
-                        type_idx = init_expr->u.array_new_default.type_index;
-                        len = init_expr->u.array_new_default.length;
+                        type_idx =
+                            init_expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.type_index;
+                        len = init_expr->u.unary.v.array_new_default.length;
                         arr_init_val = &empty_val;
                     }
                     else {
                         init_values =
-                            (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.data;
+                            (WASMArrayNewInitValues *)init_expr->u.unary.v.data;
                         type_idx = init_values->type_idx;
                         len = init_values->length;
 
@@ -3176,14 +3238,14 @@ wasm_instantiate(WASMModule *module, WASMModuleInstance *parent,
                 }
                 case INIT_EXPR_TYPE_I31_NEW:
                 {
-                    ref = (wasm_obj_t)wasm_i31_obj_new(init_expr->u.i32);
+                    ref =
+                        (wasm_obj_t)wasm_i31_obj_new(init_expr->u.unary.v.i32);
                     break;
                 }
 #endif /* end of WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0 */
             }
 
-            *(table_data + table_seg->base_offset.u.i32 + j) =
-                (table_elem_type_t)ref;
+            *(table_data + offset_value.i32 + j) = (table_elem_type_t)ref;
         }
     }
 
@@ -4161,7 +4223,7 @@ wasm_get_module_inst_mem_consumption(const WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
         sizeof(WASMMemoryInstance *) * module_inst->memory_count;
     for (i = 0; i < module_inst->memory_count; i++) {
         WASMMemoryInstance *memory = module_inst->memories[i];
-        size = memory->num_bytes_per_page * memory->cur_page_count;
+        size = (uint64)memory->num_bytes_per_page * memory->cur_page_count;
         mem_conspn->memories_size += size;
         mem_conspn->app_heap_size += memory->heap_data_end - memory->heap_data;
         /* size of app heap structure */
@@ -4195,9 +4257,9 @@ wasm_get_module_inst_mem_consumption(const WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
 #endif /* end of (WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY_PROFILING != 0) \
                  || (WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY_TRACING != 0) */
 
-#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
 uint32
-wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                            uint32 length, uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                            uint32_t error_buf_size)
 {
@@ -4242,7 +4304,7 @@ wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
     }
     return count >= skip_n ? count - skip_n : 0;
 }
-#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK
+#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_DUMP_CALL_STACK != 0
 bool
@@ -4705,10 +4767,10 @@ llvm_jit_table_init(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst, uint32 tbl_idx,
     for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
 #if WASM_ENABLE_GC != 0
         /* UINT32_MAX indicates that it is a null ref */
-        if (init_values[i].u.ref_index != UINT32_MAX) {
-            if (!(func_obj = wasm_create_func_obj(module_inst,
-                                                  init_values[i].u.ref_index,
-                                                  true, NULL, 0))) {
+        if (init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index != UINT32_MAX) {
+            if (!(func_obj = wasm_create_func_obj(
+                      module_inst, init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index, true,
+                      NULL, 0))) {
                 wasm_set_exception(module_inst, "null function reference");
                 return;
             }
@@ -4718,7 +4780,7 @@ llvm_jit_table_init(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst, uint32 tbl_idx,
             table_elems[i] = NULL_REF;
         }
 #else
-        table_elems[i] = init_values[i].u.ref_index;
+        table_elems[i] = init_values[i].u.unary.v.ref_index;
 #endif
     }
 }

core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_runtime.h

@@ -93,12 +93,21 @@ typedef union {
 } MemBound;
 
 typedef struct WASMSharedHeap {
-    struct WASMSharedHeap *next;
-    void *heap_handle;
-    uint8 *base_addr;
+    /* The global shared heap list maintained in runtime, used for runtime
+     * destroy */
+    DefPointer(struct WASMSharedHeap *, next);
+    /* The logical shared heap chain the shared heap in */
+    DefPointer(struct WASMSharedHeap *, chain_next);
+    /* Will be null if shared heap is created from pre allocated memory chunk
+     * and don't need to dynamic malloc and free */
+    DefPointer(void *, heap_handle);
+    DefPointer(uint8 *, base_addr);
     uint64 size;
     uint64 start_off_mem64;
     uint64 start_off_mem32;
+    /* The number of wasm apps it attached to, for a shared heap chain, only the
+     * list head need to maintain the valid attached_count */
+    uint8 attached_count;
 } WASMSharedHeap;
 
 struct WASMMemoryInstance {
@@ -364,8 +373,6 @@ typedef struct WASMModuleInstanceExtra {
 #endif
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_HEAP != 0
-    WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap;
-#if WASM_ENABLE_JIT != 0
     /*
      * Adjusted shared heap based addr to simple the calculation
      * in the aot code. The value is:
@@ -373,7 +380,8 @@ typedef struct WASMModuleInstanceExtra {
      */
     uint8 *shared_heap_base_addr_adj;
     MemBound shared_heap_start_off;
-#endif
+    MemBound shared_heap_end_off;
+    WASMSharedHeap *shared_heap;
 #endif
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_DEBUG_INTERP != 0                         \
@@ -731,12 +739,12 @@ wasm_get_table_inst(const WASMModuleInstance *module_inst, uint32 tbl_idx)
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_DUMP_CALL_STACK != 0
 
-#if WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK != 0
+#if WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK != 0
 uint32
-wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, wasm_frame_t *buffer,
+wasm_interp_copy_callstack(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMCApiFrame *buffer,
                            uint32 length, uint32 skip_n, char *error_buf,
                            uint32_t error_buf_size);
-#endif // WAMR_ENABLE_COPY_CALLSTACK
+#endif // WASM_ENABLE_COPY_CALL_STACK
 
 bool
 wasm_interp_create_call_stack(struct WASMExecEnv *exec_env);

core/iwasm/libraries/debug-engine/debug_engine.c

@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ wasm_debug_instance_get_obj_mem(WASMDebugInstance *instance, uint64 offset,
     module_inst = (WASMModuleInstance *)exec_env->module_inst;
 
     if (offset + *size > module_inst->module->load_size) {
-        LOG_VERBOSE("wasm_debug_instance_get_data_mem size over flow!\n");
+        LOG_VERBOSE("wasm_debug_instance_get_data_mem size overflow!\n");
         *size = module_inst->module->load_size >= offset
                     ? module_inst->module->load_size - offset
                     : 0;
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ wasm_debug_instance_get_linear_mem(WASMDebugInstance *instance, uint64 offset,
         num_bytes_per_page = memory->num_bytes_per_page;
         linear_mem_size = num_bytes_per_page * memory->cur_page_count;
         if (offset + *size > linear_mem_size) {
-            LOG_VERBOSE("wasm_debug_instance_get_linear_mem size over flow!\n");
+            LOG_VERBOSE("wasm_debug_instance_get_linear_mem size overflow!\n");
             *size = linear_mem_size >= offset ? linear_mem_size - offset : 0;
         }
         bh_memcpy_s(buf, (uint32)*size, memory->memory_data + offset,
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ wasm_debug_instance_set_linear_mem(WASMDebugInstance *instance, uint64 offset,
         num_bytes_per_page = memory->num_bytes_per_page;
         linear_mem_size = num_bytes_per_page * memory->cur_page_count;
         if (offset + *size > linear_mem_size) {
-            LOG_VERBOSE("wasm_debug_instance_get_linear_mem size over flow!\n");
+            LOG_VERBOSE("wasm_debug_instance_get_linear_mem size overflow!\n");
             *size = linear_mem_size >= offset ? linear_mem_size - offset : 0;
         }
         bh_memcpy_s(memory->memory_data + offset, (uint32)*size, buf,

core/iwasm/libraries/debug-engine/handler.c

@@ -175,6 +175,19 @@ process_wasm_global(WASMGDBServer *server, char *args)
     os_mutex_unlock(&tmpbuf_lock);
 }
 
+/* TODO: let server send an empty/error reply.
+   Original issue: 4265
+   Not tested yet, but it should work.
+ */
+static void
+send_reply(WASMGDBServer *server, const char *err)
+{
+    if (!err || !*err)
+        write_packet(server, "");
+    else
+        write_packet(server, err);
+}
+
 void
 handle_general_query(WASMGDBServer *server, char *payload)
 {
@@ -214,6 +227,7 @@ handle_general_query(WASMGDBServer *server, char *payload)
 
         if (!args) {
             LOG_ERROR("payload parse error during handle_general_query");
+            send_reply(server, "");
             return;
         }
 
@@ -384,7 +398,7 @@ send_thread_stop_status(WASMGDBServer *server, uint32 status, korp_tid tid)
     if (status == 0) {
         os_mutex_lock(&tmpbuf_lock);
         (void)snprintf(tmpbuf, MAX_PACKET_SIZE, "W%02" PRIx32, status);
-        write_packet(server, tmpbuf);
+        send_reply(server, tmpbuf);
         os_mutex_unlock(&tmpbuf_lock);
         return;
     }
@@ -403,6 +417,7 @@ send_thread_stop_status(WASMGDBServer *server, uint32 status, korp_tid tid)
                    "T%02" PRIx32 "thread:%" PRIx64 ";name:%s;", gdb_status,
                    (uint64)(uintptr_t)tid, "nobody");
     if (len < 0 || len >= MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
+        send_reply(server, "E01");
         os_mutex_unlock(&tmpbuf_lock);
         return;
     }
@@ -410,6 +425,7 @@ send_thread_stop_status(WASMGDBServer *server, uint32 status, korp_tid tid)
     if (tids_count > 0) {
         int n = snprintf(tmpbuf + len, MAX_PACKET_SIZE - len, "threads:");
         if (n < 0 || n >= MAX_PACKET_SIZE - len) {
+            send_reply(server, "E01");
             os_mutex_unlock(&tmpbuf_lock);
             return;
         }
@@ -426,6 +442,7 @@ send_thread_stop_status(WASMGDBServer *server, uint32 status, korp_tid tid)
             }
 
             if (n < 0 || n >= MAX_PACKET_SIZE - len) {
+                send_reply(server, "E01");
                 os_mutex_unlock(&tmpbuf_lock);
                 return;
             }
@@ -452,6 +469,7 @@ send_thread_stop_status(WASMGDBServer *server, uint32 status, korp_tid tid)
                      "thread-pcs:%" PRIx64 ";00:%s;reason:%s;description:", pc,
                      pc_string, "exception");
         if (n < 0 || n >= MAX_PACKET_SIZE - len) {
+            send_reply(server, "E01");
             os_mutex_unlock(&tmpbuf_lock);
             return;
         }
@@ -462,6 +480,7 @@ send_thread_stop_status(WASMGDBServer *server, uint32 status, korp_tid tid)
             n = snprintf(tmpbuf + len, MAX_PACKET_SIZE - len, "%02x",
                          exception[i]);
             if (n < 0 || n >= MAX_PACKET_SIZE - len) {
+                send_reply(server, "E01");
                 os_mutex_unlock(&tmpbuf_lock);
                 return;
             }
@@ -592,7 +611,7 @@ handle_get_register(WASMGDBServer *server, char *payload)
     int32 i = strtol(payload, NULL, 16);
 
     if (i != 0) {
-        write_packet(server, "E01");
+        send_reply(server, "E01");
         return;
     }
     regdata = wasm_debug_instance_get_pc(
@@ -748,7 +767,7 @@ handle_add_break(WASMGDBServer *server, char *payload)
     if ((arg_c = sscanf(payload, "%zx,%" SCNx64 ",%zx", &type, &addr, &length))
         != 3) {
         LOG_ERROR("Unsupported number of add break arguments %d", arg_c);
-        write_packet(server, "");
+        send_reply(server, "");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -783,7 +802,7 @@ handle_remove_break(WASMGDBServer *server, char *payload)
     if ((arg_c = sscanf(payload, "%zx,%" SCNx64 ",%zx", &type, &addr, &length))
         != 3) {
         LOG_ERROR("Unsupported number of remove break arguments %d", arg_c);
-        write_packet(server, "");
+        send_reply(server, "");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -835,6 +854,7 @@ handle_malloc(WASMGDBServer *server, char *payload)
     }
     else {
         LOG_ERROR("Payload parse error during handle malloc");
+        send_reply(server, "");
         return;
     }
 

core/iwasm/libraries/lib-socket/src/wasi/wasi_socket_ext.c

@@ -12,6 +12,26 @@
 #include <wasi/api.h>
 #include <wasi_socket_ext.h>
 
+/*
+ * Avoid direct TLS access to allow a single library to be
+ * linked to both of threaded and non-threaded applications.
+ *
+ * wasi-libc's errno is a TLS variable, exposed directly via
+ * errno.h. if we use it here, LLVM may lower it differently,
+ * depending on enabled features like atomcs and bulk-memory.
+ * we tweak the way to access errno here in order to make us
+ * compatible with both of threaded and non-threaded applications.
+ * __errno_location() should be reasonably stable because
+ * it was introduced as an alternative ABI for non-C software.
+ * https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-libc/pull/347
+ */
+#if defined(errno)
+#undef errno
+#endif
+int *
+__errno_location(void);
+#define errno (*__errno_location())
+
 #define HANDLE_ERROR(error)              \
     if (error != __WASI_ERRNO_SUCCESS) { \
         errno = error;                   \

core/iwasm/libraries/thread-mgr/thread_manager.c

@@ -301,7 +301,8 @@ wasm_cluster_create(WASMExecEnv *exec_env)
         aux_stack_start -= cluster->stack_size;
 
         for (i = 0; i < cluster_max_thread_num; i++) {
-            cluster->stack_tops[i] = aux_stack_start - cluster->stack_size * i;
+            cluster->stack_tops[i] =
+                aux_stack_start - (uint64)cluster->stack_size * i;
         }
     }
 #endif

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/wasi_ephemeral_nn.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 Midokura Japan KK.  All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+ */
+
+#define WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN 1
+#define WASI_NN_NAME(name) wasi_ephemeral_nn_##name
+
+#include "wasi_nn.h"
+
+#undef WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN
+#undef WASI_NN_NAME

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/wasi_nn.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #else
 #define WASI_NN_IMPORT(name) \
     __attribute__((import_module("wasi_nn"), import_name(name)))
+#warning You are using "wasi_nn", which is a legacy WAMR-specific ABI. It's deperecated and will likely be removed in future versions of WAMR. Please use "wasi_ephemeral_nn" instead. (For a WASM module, use the wasi_ephemeral_nn.h header instead. For the runtime configurations, enable WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN/WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN.)
 #endif
 
 /**
@@ -34,17 +35,22 @@
  * @return wasi_nn_error    Execution status.
  */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
-wasi_nn_error
-load(graph_builder *builder, uint32_t builder_len, graph_encoding encoding,
-     execution_target target, graph *g) WASI_NN_IMPORT("load");
+WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
+WASI_NN_NAME(load)
+(WASI_NN_NAME(graph_builder) * builder, uint32_t builder_len,
+ WASI_NN_NAME(graph_encoding) encoding, WASI_NN_NAME(execution_target) target,
+ WASI_NN_NAME(graph) * g) WASI_NN_IMPORT("load");
 #else
-wasi_nn_error
-load(graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
-     execution_target target, graph *g) WASI_NN_IMPORT("load");
+WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
+WASI_NN_NAME(load)
+(WASI_NN_NAME(graph_builder_array) * builder,
+ WASI_NN_NAME(graph_encoding) encoding, WASI_NN_NAME(execution_target) target,
+ WASI_NN_NAME(graph) * g) WASI_NN_IMPORT("load");
 #endif
 
-wasi_nn_error
-load_by_name(const char *name, uint32_t name_len, graph *g)
+WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
+WASI_NN_NAME(load_by_name)
+(const char *name, uint32_t name_len, WASI_NN_NAME(graph) * g)
     WASI_NN_IMPORT("load_by_name");
 
 /**
@@ -59,8 +65,9 @@ load_by_name(const char *name, uint32_t name_len, graph *g)
  * @param ctx       Execution context.
  * @return wasi_nn_error    Execution status.
  */
-wasi_nn_error
-init_execution_context(graph g, graph_execution_context *ctx)
+WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
+WASI_NN_NAME(init_execution_context)
+(WASI_NN_NAME(graph) g, WASI_NN_NAME(graph_execution_context) * ctx)
     WASI_NN_IMPORT("init_execution_context");
 
 /**
@@ -71,9 +78,10 @@ init_execution_context(graph g, graph_execution_context *ctx)
  * @param tensor    Input tensor.
  * @return wasi_nn_error    Execution status.
  */
-wasi_nn_error
-set_input(graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index, tensor *tensor)
-    WASI_NN_IMPORT("set_input");
+WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
+WASI_NN_NAME(set_input)
+(WASI_NN_NAME(graph_execution_context) ctx, uint32_t index,
+ WASI_NN_NAME(tensor) * tensor) WASI_NN_IMPORT("set_input");
 
 /**
  * @brief Compute the inference on the given inputs.
@@ -81,8 +89,9 @@ set_input(graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index, tensor *tensor)
  * @param ctx       Execution context.
  * @return wasi_nn_error    Execution status.
  */
-wasi_nn_error
-compute(graph_execution_context ctx) WASI_NN_IMPORT("compute");
+WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
+WASI_NN_NAME(compute)
+(WASI_NN_NAME(graph_execution_context) ctx) WASI_NN_IMPORT("compute");
 
 /**
  * @brief Extract the outputs after inference.
@@ -97,15 +106,16 @@ compute(graph_execution_context ctx) WASI_NN_IMPORT("compute");
  * @return wasi_nn_error                Execution status.
  */
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
-wasi_nn_error
-get_output(graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t output_tensor_max_size,
+WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
+WASI_NN_NAME(get_output)
+(WASI_NN_NAME(graph_execution_context) ctx, uint32_t index,
+ uint8_t *output_tensor, uint32_t output_tensor_max_size,
  uint32_t *output_tensor_size) WASI_NN_IMPORT("get_output");
 #else
-wasi_nn_error
-get_output(graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
-    WASI_NN_IMPORT("get_output");
+WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE
+WASI_NN_NAME(get_output)
+(graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index, uint8_t *output_tensor,
+ uint32_t *output_tensor_size) WASI_NN_IMPORT("get_output");
 #endif
 
 #endif

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/include/wasi_nn_types.h

@@ -13,6 +13,23 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+/* our host logic doesn't use any prefix. neither legacy wasi_nn.h does. */
+
+#if !defined(__wasm__) || !defined(WASI_NN_NAME)
+#define WASI_NN_NAME(name) name
+#define WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(name) name
+#define WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(name) name
+#define WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(name) name
+#define WASI_NN_TARGET_NAME(name) name
+#define WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE wasi_nn_error
+#else
+#define WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(name) WASI_NN_NAME(error_##name)
+#define WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(name) WASI_NN_NAME(type_##name)
+#define WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(name) WASI_NN_NAME(encoding_##name)
+#define WASI_NN_TARGET_NAME(name) WASI_NN_NAME(target_##name)
+#define WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE WASI_NN_NAME(error);
+#endif
+
 /**
  * ERRORS
  *
@@ -22,22 +39,22 @@ extern "C" {
 // https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-nn/blob/71320d95b8c6d43f9af7f44e18b1839db85d89b4/wasi-nn.witx#L5-L17
 // Error codes returned by functions in this API.
 typedef enum {
-    success = 0,
-    invalid_argument,
-    invalid_encoding,
-    missing_memory,
-    busy,
-    runtime_error,
-    unsupported_operation,
-    too_large,
-    not_found,
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(success) = 0,
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(invalid_argument),
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(invalid_encoding),
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(missing_memory),
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(busy),
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(runtime_error),
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(unsupported_operation),
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(too_large),
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(not_found),
 
     // for WasmEdge-wasi-nn
-    end_of_sequence = 100,  // End of Sequence Found.
-    context_full = 101,     // Context Full.
-    prompt_tool_long = 102, // Prompt Too Long.
-    model_not_found = 103,  // Model Not Found.
-} wasi_nn_error;
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(end_of_sequence) = 100,  // End of Sequence Found.
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(context_full) = 101,     // Context Full.
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(prompt_tool_long) = 102, // Prompt Too Long.
+    WASI_NN_ERROR_NAME(model_not_found) = 103,  // Model Not Found.
+} WASI_NN_ERROR_TYPE;
 
 /**
  * TENSOR
@@ -51,15 +68,27 @@ typedef enum {
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t *buf;
     uint32_t size;
-} tensor_dimensions;
+} WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_dimensions);
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
 // sync up with
 // https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-nn/blob/71320d95b8c6d43f9af7f44e18b1839db85d89b4/wasi-nn.witx#L19-L28
 // The type of the elements in a tensor.
-typedef enum { fp16 = 0, fp32, fp64, u8, i32, i64 } tensor_type;
+typedef enum {
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(fp16) = 0,
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(fp32),
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(fp64),
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(u8),
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(i32),
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(i64),
+} WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_type);
 #else
-typedef enum { fp16 = 0, fp32, up8, ip32 } tensor_type;
+typedef enum {
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(fp16) = 0,
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(fp32),
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(up8),
+    WASI_NN_TYPE_NAME(ip32),
+} WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_type);
 #endif /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 */
 
 // The tensor data.
@@ -70,7 +99,14 @@ typedef enum { fp16 = 0, fp32, up8, ip32 } tensor_type;
 // 4-byte f32 elements would have a data array of length 16). Naturally, this
 // representation requires some knowledge of how to lay out data in
 // memory--e.g., using row-major ordering--and could perhaps be improved.
-typedef uint8_t *tensor_data;
+#if !defined(__wasm__) || WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t *buf;
+    uint32_t size;
+} WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_data);
+#else
+typedef uint8_t *WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_data);
+#endif
 
 // A tensor.
 typedef struct {
@@ -78,16 +114,16 @@ typedef struct {
     // represent a tensor containing a single value, use `[1]` for the tensor
     // dimensions.
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 && defined(__wasm__)
-    tensor_dimensions dimensions;
+    WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_dimensions) dimensions;
 #else
-    tensor_dimensions *dimensions;
+    WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_dimensions) * dimensions;
 #endif
     // Describe the type of element in the tensor (e.g., f32).
     uint8_t type;
     uint8_t _pad[3];
     // Contains the tensor data.
-    tensor_data data;
-} tensor;
+    WASI_NN_NAME(tensor_data) data;
+} WASI_NN_NAME(tensor);
 
 /**
  * GRAPH
@@ -102,15 +138,15 @@ typedef struct {
 typedef struct {
     uint8_t *buf;
     uint32_t size;
-} graph_builder;
+} WASI_NN_NAME(graph_builder);
 
 typedef struct {
-    graph_builder *buf;
+    WASI_NN_NAME(graph_builder) * buf;
     uint32_t size;
-} graph_builder_array;
+} WASI_NN_NAME(graph_builder_array);
 
 // An execution graph for performing inference (i.e., a model).
-typedef uint32_t graph;
+typedef uint32_t WASI_NN_NAME(graph);
 
 // sync up with
 // https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-nn/blob/main/wit/wasi-nn.wit#L75
@@ -118,23 +154,25 @@ typedef uint32_t graph;
 // various backends that encode (i.e., serialize) their graph IR with different
 // formats.
 typedef enum {
-    openvino = 0,
-    onnx,
-    tensorflow,
-    pytorch,
-    tensorflowlite,
-    ggml,
-    autodetect,
-    unknown_backend,
-} graph_encoding;
+    WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(openvino) = 0,
+    WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(onnx),
+    WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(tensorflow),
+    WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(pytorch),
+    WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(tensorflowlite),
+    WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(ggml),
+    WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(autodetect),
+    WASI_NN_ENCODING_NAME(unknown_backend),
+} WASI_NN_NAME(graph_encoding);
 
 // Define where the graph should be executed.
-typedef enum execution_target { cpu = 0, gpu, tpu } execution_target;
+typedef enum WASI_NN_NAME(execution_target) {
+    WASI_NN_TARGET_NAME(cpu) = 0,
+    WASI_NN_TARGET_NAME(gpu),
+    WASI_NN_TARGET_NAME(tpu),
+} WASI_NN_NAME(execution_target);
 
 // Bind a `graph` to the input and output tensors for an inference.
-typedef uint32_t graph_execution_context;
-
-/* Definition of 'wasi_nn.h' structs in WASM app format (using offset) */
+typedef uint32_t WASI_NN_NAME(graph_execution_context);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/utils/wasi_nn_app_native.c

@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ graph_builder_array_app_native(wasm_module_inst_t instance,
 
 static wasi_nn_error
 tensor_data_app_native(wasm_module_inst_t instance, uint32_t total_elements,
-                       tensor_wasm *input_tensor_wasm, tensor_data *data)
+                       tensor_wasm *input_tensor_wasm, void **data,
+                       uint32_t *size)
 {
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
 #define data_size input_tensor_wasm->data_size
@@ -113,8 +114,9 @@ tensor_data_app_native(wasm_module_inst_t instance, uint32_t total_elements,
         NN_ERR_PRINTF("input_tensor_wasm->data_offset is invalid");
         return invalid_argument;
     }
-    *data = (tensor_data)wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native(
+    *data = wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native(
         instance, (uint64)input_tensor_wasm->data_offset);
+    *size = data_size;
     return success;
 #undef data_size
 }
@@ -188,16 +190,19 @@ tensor_app_native(wasm_module_inst_t instance, tensor_wasm *input_tensor_wasm,
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("Tensor type: %d", input_tensor_wasm->type);
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("Total number of elements: %d", total_elements);
 
-    tensor_data data = NULL;
+    void *data = NULL;
+    uint32_t datasize;
     if (success
-        != (res = tensor_data_app_native(instance, total_elements,
-                                         input_tensor_wasm, &data))) {
+        != (res =
+                tensor_data_app_native(instance, total_elements,
+                                       input_tensor_wasm, &data, &datasize))) {
         wasm_runtime_free(dimensions);
         return res;
     }
 
     input_tensor->type = input_tensor_wasm->type;
     input_tensor->dimensions = dimensions;
-    input_tensor->data = data;
+    input_tensor->data.buf = data;
+    input_tensor->data.size = datasize;
     return success;
 }

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn.c

@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@
 #include "wasi_nn_types.h"
 #include "wasm_export.h"
 
+#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN == 0
+#warning You are using "wasi_nn", which is a legacy WAMR-specific ABI. It's deperecated and will likely be removed in future versions of WAMR. Please use "wasi_ephemeral_nn" instead. (For a WASM module, use the wasi_ephemeral_nn.h header instead. For the runtime configurations, enable WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN/WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN.)
+#endif
+
 #define HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE 20
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
 #define LIB_EXTENTION ".dylib"
@@ -51,65 +55,36 @@ struct backends_api_functions {
             NN_ERR_PRINTF("Error %s() -> %d", #func, wasi_error);          \
     } while (0)
 
-/* HashMap utils */
-static HashMap *hashmap;
-
-static uint32
-hash_func(const void *key)
-{
-    // fnv1a_hash
-    const uint32 FNV_PRIME = 16777619;
-    const uint32 FNV_OFFSET_BASIS = 2166136261U;
-
-    uint32 hash = FNV_OFFSET_BASIS;
-    const unsigned char *bytes = (const unsigned char *)key;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(uintptr_t); ++i) {
-        hash ^= bytes[i];
-        hash *= FNV_PRIME;
-    }
-
-    return hash;
-}
-
-static bool
-key_equal_func(void *key1, void *key2)
-{
-    return key1 == key2;
-}
-
-static void
-key_destroy_func(void *key1)
-{
-    /* key type is wasm_module_inst_t*. do nothing */
-}
+static void *wasi_nn_key;
 
 static void
 wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx)
 {
-    NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] DEINIT...");
-
     if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF(
-            "Error when deallocating memory. WASI-NN context is NULL");
         return;
     }
+    NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] DEINIT...");
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("Freeing wasi-nn");
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("-> is_model_loaded: %d", wasi_nn_ctx->is_model_loaded);
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("-> current_encoding: %d", wasi_nn_ctx->backend);
 
+    bh_assert(!wasi_nn_ctx->busy);
+
     /* deinit() the backend */
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx->is_backend_ctx_initialized) {
         wasi_nn_error res;
         call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, deinit, res,
                           wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx);
+    }
 
+    os_mutex_destroy(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
     wasm_runtime_free(wasi_nn_ctx);
 }
 
 static void
-value_destroy_func(void *value)
+dtor(wasm_module_inst_t inst, void *ctx)
 {
-    wasi_nn_ctx_destroy((WASINNContext *)value);
+    wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(ctx);
 }
 
 bool
@@ -122,12 +97,9 @@ wasi_nn_initialize()
         return false;
     }
 
-    // hashmap { instance: wasi_nn_ctx }
-    hashmap = bh_hash_map_create(HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE, true, hash_func,
-                                 key_equal_func, key_destroy_func,
-                                 value_destroy_func);
-    if (hashmap == NULL) {
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF("Error while initializing hashmap");
+    wasi_nn_key = wasm_runtime_create_context_key(dtor);
+    if (wasi_nn_key == NULL) {
+        NN_ERR_PRINTF("Failed to create context key");
         os_mutex_destroy(&wasi_nn_lock);
         return false;
     }
@@ -148,6 +120,11 @@ wasi_nn_initialize_context()
     }
 
     memset(wasi_nn_ctx, 0, sizeof(WASINNContext));
+    if (os_mutex_init(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock)) {
+        NN_ERR_PRINTF("Error when initializing a lock for WASI-NN context");
+        wasm_runtime_free(wasi_nn_ctx);
+        return NULL;
+    }
     return wasi_nn_ctx;
 }
 
@@ -156,29 +133,59 @@ static WASINNContext *
 wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(wasm_module_inst_t instance)
 {
     WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx =
-        (WASINNContext *)bh_hash_map_find(hashmap, (void *)instance);
+        wasm_runtime_get_context(instance, wasi_nn_key);
     if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
-        wasi_nn_ctx = wasi_nn_initialize_context();
-        if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL)
-            return NULL;
-
-        bool ok =
-            bh_hash_map_insert(hashmap, (void *)instance, (void *)wasi_nn_ctx);
-        if (!ok) {
-            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Error while storing context");
-            wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(wasi_nn_ctx);
+        WASINNContext *newctx = wasi_nn_initialize_context();
+        if (newctx == NULL)
             return NULL;
+        os_mutex_lock(&wasi_nn_lock);
+        wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_context(instance, wasi_nn_key);
+        if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+            wasm_runtime_set_context_spread(instance, wasi_nn_key, newctx);
+            wasi_nn_ctx = newctx;
+            newctx = NULL;
+        }
+        os_mutex_unlock(&wasi_nn_lock);
+        if (newctx != NULL) {
+            wasi_nn_ctx_destroy(newctx);
         }
     }
-
     return wasi_nn_ctx;
 }
 
+static WASINNContext *
+lock_ctx(wasm_module_inst_t instance)
+{
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    os_mutex_lock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx->busy) {
+        os_mutex_unlock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    wasi_nn_ctx->busy = true;
+    os_mutex_unlock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
+    return wasi_nn_ctx;
+}
+
+static void
+unlock_ctx(WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx)
+{
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    os_mutex_lock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
+    bh_assert(wasi_nn_ctx->busy);
+    wasi_nn_ctx->busy = false;
+    os_mutex_unlock(&wasi_nn_ctx->lock);
+}
+
 void
 wasi_nn_destroy()
 {
-    // destroy hashmap will destroy keys and values
-    bh_hash_map_destroy(hashmap);
+    wasm_runtime_destroy_context_key(wasi_nn_key);
 
     // close backends' libraries and registered functions
     for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(lookup) / sizeof(lookup[0]); i++) {
@@ -397,6 +404,41 @@ detect_and_load_backend(graph_encoding backend_hint,
     return ret;
 }
 
+static wasi_nn_error
+ensure_backend(wasm_module_inst_t instance, graph_encoding encoding,
+               WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx)
+{
+    wasi_nn_error res;
+
+    graph_encoding loaded_backend = autodetect;
+    if (!detect_and_load_backend(encoding, &loaded_backend)) {
+        res = invalid_encoding;
+        NN_ERR_PRINTF("load backend failed");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx->is_backend_ctx_initialized) {
+        if (wasi_nn_ctx->backend != loaded_backend) {
+            res = unsupported_operation;
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        wasi_nn_ctx->backend = loaded_backend;
+
+        /* init() the backend */
+        call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, init, res,
+                          &wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx);
+        if (res != success)
+            goto fail;
+
+        wasi_nn_ctx->is_backend_ctx_initialized = true;
+    }
+    return success;
+fail:
+    return res;
+}
+
 /* WASI-NN implementation */
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
@@ -410,6 +452,8 @@ wasi_nn_load(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_builder_array_wasm *builder,
              graph_encoding encoding, execution_target target, graph *g)
 #endif /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 */
 {
+    wasi_nn_error res;
+
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] LOAD [encoding=%d, target=%d]...", encoding,
                   target);
 
@@ -417,18 +461,23 @@ wasi_nn_load(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_builder_array_wasm *builder,
     if (!instance)
         return runtime_error;
 
-    wasi_nn_error res;
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        res = busy;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
     graph_builder_array builder_native = { 0 };
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
     if (success
         != (res = graph_builder_array_app_native(
                 instance, builder, builder_wasm_size, &builder_native)))
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 #else  /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN == 0 */
     if (success
         != (res = graph_builder_array_app_native(instance, builder,
                                                  &builder_native)))
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 #endif /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 */
 
     if (!wasm_runtime_validate_native_addr(instance, g,
@@ -438,19 +487,7 @@ wasi_nn_load(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_builder_array_wasm *builder,
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    graph_encoding loaded_backend = autodetect;
-    if (!detect_and_load_backend(encoding, &loaded_backend)) {
-        res = invalid_encoding;
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF("load backend failed");
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
-    wasi_nn_ctx->backend = loaded_backend;
-
-    /* init() the backend */
-    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, init, res,
-                      &wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx);
+    res = ensure_backend(instance, encoding, wasi_nn_ctx);
     if (res != success)
         goto fail;
 
@@ -465,6 +502,7 @@ fail:
     // XXX: Free intermediate structure pointers
     if (builder_native.buf)
         wasm_runtime_free(builder_native.buf);
+    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
 
     return res;
 }
@@ -473,6 +511,8 @@ wasi_nn_error
 wasi_nn_load_by_name(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, char *name, uint32_t name_len,
                      graph *g)
 {
+    wasi_nn_error res;
+
     wasm_module_inst_t instance = wasm_runtime_get_module_inst(exec_env);
     if (!instance) {
         return runtime_error;
@@ -496,29 +536,26 @@ wasi_nn_load_by_name(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, char *name, uint32_t name_len,
 
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] LOAD_BY_NAME %s...", name);
 
-    graph_encoding loaded_backend = autodetect;
-    if (!detect_and_load_backend(autodetect, &loaded_backend)) {
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF("load backend failed");
-        return invalid_encoding;
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        res = busy;
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
-    wasi_nn_ctx->backend = loaded_backend;
-
-    wasi_nn_error res;
-    /* init() the backend */
-    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, init, res,
-                      &wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx);
+    res = ensure_backend(instance, autodetect, wasi_nn_ctx);
     if (res != success)
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 
     call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, load_by_name, res,
                       wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, name, name_len, g);
     if (res != success)
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 
     wasi_nn_ctx->is_model_loaded = true;
-    return success;
+    res = success;
+fail:
+    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
+    return res;
 }
 
 wasi_nn_error
@@ -526,6 +563,8 @@ wasi_nn_load_by_name_with_config(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, char *name,
                                  int32_t name_len, char *config,
                                  int32_t config_len, graph *g)
 {
+    wasi_nn_error res;
+
     wasm_module_inst_t instance = wasm_runtime_get_module_inst(exec_env);
     if (!instance) {
         return runtime_error;
@@ -554,30 +593,28 @@ wasi_nn_load_by_name_with_config(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, char *name,
 
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("[WASI NN] LOAD_BY_NAME_WITH_CONFIG %s %s...", name, config);
 
-    graph_encoding loaded_backend = autodetect;
-    if (!detect_and_load_backend(autodetect, &loaded_backend)) {
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF("load backend failed");
-        return invalid_encoding;
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        res = busy;
+        goto fail;
     }
 
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
-    wasi_nn_ctx->backend = loaded_backend;
-
-    wasi_nn_error res;
-    /* init() the backend */
-    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, init, res,
-                      &wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx);
+    res = ensure_backend(instance, autodetect, wasi_nn_ctx);
     if (res != success)
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
+    ;
 
     call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, load_by_name_with_config, res,
                       wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, name, name_len, config,
                       config_len, g);
     if (res != success)
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 
     wasi_nn_ctx->is_model_loaded = true;
-    return success;
+    res = success;
+fail:
+    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
+    return res;
 }
 
 wasi_nn_error
@@ -591,20 +628,27 @@ wasi_nn_init_execution_context(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph g,
         return runtime_error;
     }
 
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
-
     wasi_nn_error res;
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        res = busy;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
     if (success != (res = is_model_initialized(wasi_nn_ctx)))
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 
     if (!wasm_runtime_validate_native_addr(
             instance, ctx, (uint64)sizeof(graph_execution_context))) {
         NN_ERR_PRINTF("ctx is invalid");
-        return invalid_argument;
+        res = invalid_argument;
+        goto fail;
     }
 
     call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, init_execution_context, res,
                       wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, g, ctx);
+fail:
+    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -619,17 +663,21 @@ wasi_nn_set_input(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
         return runtime_error;
     }
 
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
-
     wasi_nn_error res;
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        res = busy;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
     if (success != (res = is_model_initialized(wasi_nn_ctx)))
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 
     tensor input_tensor_native = { 0 };
     if (success
         != (res = tensor_app_native(instance, input_tensor,
                                     &input_tensor_native)))
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 
     call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, set_input, res,
                       wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx, index,
@@ -637,7 +685,8 @@ wasi_nn_set_input(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
     // XXX: Free intermediate structure pointers
     if (input_tensor_native.dimensions)
         wasm_runtime_free(input_tensor_native.dimensions);
-
+fail:
+    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -651,26 +700,32 @@ wasi_nn_compute(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx)
         return runtime_error;
     }
 
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
-
     wasi_nn_error res;
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        res = busy;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
     if (success != (res = is_model_initialized(wasi_nn_ctx)))
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 
     call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, compute, res,
                       wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx);
+fail:
+    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
     return res;
 }
 
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
 wasi_nn_error
 wasi_nn_get_output(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
-                   uint32_t index, tensor_data output_tensor,
+                   uint32_t index, void *output_tensor,
                    uint32_t output_tensor_len, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 #else  /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN == 0 */
 wasi_nn_error
 wasi_nn_get_output(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
-                   uint32_t index, tensor_data output_tensor,
+                   uint32_t index, void *output_tensor,
                    uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 #endif /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 */
 {
@@ -681,28 +736,36 @@ wasi_nn_get_output(wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, graph_execution_context ctx,
         return runtime_error;
     }
 
-    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = wasm_runtime_get_wasi_nn_ctx(instance);
-
     wasi_nn_error res;
+    WASINNContext *wasi_nn_ctx = lock_ctx(instance);
+    if (wasi_nn_ctx == NULL) {
+        res = busy;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
     if (success != (res = is_model_initialized(wasi_nn_ctx)))
-        return res;
+        goto fail;
 
     if (!wasm_runtime_validate_native_addr(instance, output_tensor_size,
                                            (uint64)sizeof(uint32_t))) {
         NN_ERR_PRINTF("output_tensor_size is invalid");
-        return invalid_argument;
+        res = invalid_argument;
+        goto fail;
     }
 
+    tensor_data tensor = {
+        .buf = output_tensor,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
+        .size = output_tensor_len,
+#else
+        .size = *output_tensor_size,
+#endif
+    };
     call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, get_output, res,
-                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx, index, output_tensor,
-                      &output_tensor_len);
-    *output_tensor_size = output_tensor_len;
-#else  /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN == 0 */
-    call_wasi_nn_func(wasi_nn_ctx->backend, get_output, res,
-                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx, index, output_tensor,
+                      wasi_nn_ctx->backend_ctx, ctx, index, &tensor,
                       output_tensor_size);
-#endif /* WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0 */
+fail:
+    unlock_ctx(wasi_nn_ctx);
     return res;
 }
 

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_backend.h

@@ -3,15 +3,26 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
  */
 
-#ifndef WASI_NN_OPENVINO_HPP
-#define WASI_NN_OPENVINO_HPP
+#ifndef WASI_NN_BACKEND_H
+#define WASI_NN_BACKEND_H
 
 #include "wasi_nn_types.h"
 
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 load(void *ctx, graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
      execution_target target, graph *g);
 
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+load_by_name(void *tflite_ctx, const char *name, uint32_t namelen, graph *g);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
+load_by_name_with_config(void *ctx, const char *name, uint32_t namelen,
+                         const char *config, uint32_t config_len, graph *g);
+
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 init_execution_context(void *ctx, graph g, graph_execution_context *exec_ctx);
 
@@ -24,7 +35,7 @@ compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx);
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size);
+           tensor_data *output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size);
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 init_backend(void **ctx);
@@ -32,4 +43,8 @@ init_backend(void **ctx);
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 deinit_backend(void *ctx);
 
-#endif /* WASI_NN_OPENVINO_HPP */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* WASI_NN_BACKEND_H */

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_llamacpp.c

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
  */
-#include "wasi_nn_types.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "wasi_nn_backend.h"
 #include "utils/logger.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "ggml.h"
@@ -286,7 +289,7 @@ deinit_backend(void *ctx)
 
     llama_backend_free();
 
-    os_free(backend_ctx);
+    free(backend_ctx);
     return success;
 }
 
@@ -302,6 +305,11 @@ __load_by_name_with_configuration(void *ctx, const char *filename, graph *g)
 {
     struct LlamaContext *backend_ctx = (struct LlamaContext *)ctx;
 
+    if (backend_ctx->model != NULL) {
+        // we only implement a single graph
+        return unsupported_operation;
+    }
+
     // make sure backend_ctx->config is initialized
 
     struct llama_model_params model_params =
@@ -320,6 +328,7 @@ __load_by_name_with_configuration(void *ctx, const char *filename, graph *g)
 #endif
 
     backend_ctx->model = model;
+    *g = 0;
 
     return success;
 }
@@ -360,6 +369,16 @@ init_execution_context(void *ctx, graph g, graph_execution_context *exec_ctx)
 {
     struct LlamaContext *backend_ctx = (struct LlamaContext *)ctx;
 
+    if (g != 0 || backend_ctx->model == NULL) {
+        // we only implement a single graph
+        return runtime_error;
+    }
+
+    if (backend_ctx->ctx != NULL) {
+        // we only implement a single context
+        return unsupported_operation;
+    }
+
     struct llama_context_params ctx_params =
         llama_context_params_from_wasi_nn_llama_config(&backend_ctx->config);
     struct llama_context *llama_ctx =
@@ -370,6 +389,7 @@ init_execution_context(void *ctx, graph g, graph_execution_context *exec_ctx)
     }
 
     backend_ctx->ctx = llama_ctx;
+    *exec_ctx = 0;
 
     NN_INFO_PRINTF("n_predict = %d, n_ctx = %d", backend_ctx->config.n_predict,
                    llama_n_ctx(backend_ctx->ctx));
@@ -381,18 +401,36 @@ set_input(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
           tensor *wasi_nn_tensor)
 {
     struct LlamaContext *backend_ctx = (struct LlamaContext *)ctx;
-    // tensor->data is the prompt string. ends with \0
-    char *prompt_text = (char *)wasi_nn_tensor->data;
+
+    if (exec_ctx != 0 || backend_ctx->ctx == NULL) {
+        // we only implement a single context
+        return runtime_error;
+    }
+
+    // tensor->data is the prompt string.
+    char *prompt_text = (char *)wasi_nn_tensor->data.buf;
+    uint32_t prompt_text_len = wasi_nn_tensor->data.size;
+
+    // note: buf[0] == 1 is a workaround for
+    // https://github.com/second-state/WasmEdge-WASINN-examples/issues/196.
+    // we may remove it in future.
+    if (wasi_nn_tensor->type != u8 || wasi_nn_tensor->dimensions->size != 1
+        || !(wasi_nn_tensor->dimensions->buf[0] == 1
+             || wasi_nn_tensor->dimensions->buf[0] == prompt_text_len)) {
+        return invalid_argument;
+    }
+    if (wasi_nn_tensor->dimensions->buf[0] == 1 && prompt_text_len != 1) {
+        NN_WARN_PRINTF("Ignoring seemingly wrong input tensor dimensions.");
+    }
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("--------------------------------------------------");
-    NN_DBG_PRINTF("prompt_text: %s", prompt_text);
+    NN_DBG_PRINTF("prompt_text: %.*s", (int)prompt_text_len, prompt_text);
     NN_DBG_PRINTF("--------------------------------------------------");
 #endif
 
     // tokenize the prompt
     uint32_t n_token_max = llama_n_ctx(backend_ctx->ctx);
-    uint32_t prompt_text_len = strlen(prompt_text);
 
     if (backend_ctx->prompt == NULL) {
         backend_ctx->prompt = calloc(n_token_max, sizeof(llama_token));
@@ -430,6 +468,11 @@ compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx)
     struct LlamaContext *backend_ctx = (struct LlamaContext *)ctx;
     wasi_nn_error ret = runtime_error;
 
+    if (exec_ctx != 0 || backend_ctx->ctx == NULL) {
+        // we only implement a single context
+        return runtime_error;
+    }
+
     // reset the generation buffer
     if (backend_ctx->generation == NULL) {
         backend_ctx->generation =
@@ -477,7 +520,6 @@ compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx)
 
     // main loop
     int32_t n_cur = batch.n_tokens;
-    int n_decode = 0;
     int32_t n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(backend_ctx->model);
     llama_token_data *candidates = NULL;
 
@@ -528,7 +570,6 @@ compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx)
         // push this new token for next evaluation
         llama_batch_add(&batch, new_token_id, n_cur, seq_ids,
                         sizeof(seq_ids) / sizeof(seq_ids[0]), true);
-        n_decode++;
         n_cur++;
 
         if (llama_decode(backend_ctx->ctx, batch) != 0) {
@@ -549,10 +590,15 @@ fail:
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
+           tensor_data *output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 {
     struct LlamaContext *backend_ctx = (struct LlamaContext *)ctx;
 
+    if (exec_ctx != 0 || backend_ctx->ctx == NULL) {
+        // we only implement a single context
+        return runtime_error;
+    }
+
     // Compatibility with WasmEdge
     if (index > 1) {
         NN_ERR_PRINTF("Invalid output index %d", index);
@@ -568,7 +614,7 @@ get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
             printf("%s\n", output_metadata);
         }
 
-        memcpy(output_tensor, output_metadata, strlen(output_metadata));
+        memcpy(output_tensor->buf, output_metadata, strlen(output_metadata));
         *output_tensor_size = strlen(output_metadata);
         return success;
     }
@@ -588,7 +634,7 @@ get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
             printf("%s", buf);
         }
 
-        memcpy(output_tensor + end_pos, buf, strlen(buf));
+        memcpy(output_tensor->buf + end_pos, buf, strlen(buf));
         end_pos += strlen(buf);
     }
 

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_openvino.c

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
  */
 
-#include "wasi_nn_types.h"
-#include "wasi_nn_openvino.h"
+#include "wasi_nn_backend.h"
 #include "utils/logger.h"
 #include "bh_platform.h"
 
@@ -26,17 +25,25 @@
  * from 4. to 6. is the Inference Loop
  */
 
+/* these limits are arbitrary. */
+#define MAX_GRAPHS 4
+#define MAX_EXECUTION_CONTEXTS 4
+
 typedef struct {
     ov_core_t *core;
     /* keep input model files */
+    struct OpenVINOGraph {
         void *weight_data;
         ov_tensor_t *weights_tensor;
         ov_model_t *model;
-    /* add prepostprocess */
-    ov_model_t *new_model;
         ov_compiled_model_t *compiled_model;
+    } graphs[MAX_GRAPHS];
+    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext {
+        struct OpenVINOGraph *graph;
         ov_infer_request_t *infer_request;
-    ov_tensor_t *input_tensor;
+    } execution_contexts[MAX_EXECUTION_CONTEXTS];
+    unsigned int n_graphs;
+    unsigned int n_execution_contexts;
 } OpenVINOContext;
 
 /*
@@ -136,7 +143,7 @@ print_model_input_output_info(ov_model_t *model)
         output_port = NULL;
     }
 
-    ov_error = ov_error;
+    (void)ov_error;
 fail:
     if (friendly_name)
         ov_free(friendly_name);
@@ -181,6 +188,29 @@ wasi_nn_tensor_type_to_openvino_element_type(tensor_type wasi_nn_type)
     return UNDEFINED;
 }
 
+static void
+free_graph(struct OpenVINOGraph *graph)
+{
+    if (graph->weight_data)
+        os_free(graph->weight_data);
+
+    if (graph->weights_tensor)
+        ov_tensor_free(graph->weights_tensor);
+
+    if (graph->model)
+        ov_model_free(graph->model);
+
+    if (graph->compiled_model)
+        ov_compiled_model_free(graph->compiled_model);
+}
+
+static void
+free_execution_context(struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *c)
+{
+    if (c->infer_request)
+        ov_infer_request_free(c->infer_request);
+}
+
 static wasi_nn_error
 uint32_array_to_int64_array(uint32_t array_size, uint32_t *src, int64_t **dst)
 {
@@ -200,6 +230,8 @@ load(void *ctx, graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
      execution_target target, graph *g)
 {
     OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
+    struct OpenVINOGraph *graph;
+    unsigned int graph_idx;
     wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;
 
     if (encoding != openvino) {
@@ -225,39 +257,47 @@ load(void *ctx, graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
     graph_builder xml = builder->buf[0];
     graph_builder weight = builder->buf[1];
 
-    /* if xml is a String with a model in IR */
-    if (!(xml.buf[xml.size] == '\0' && xml.buf[xml.size - 1] != '\0')) {
-        NN_ERR_PRINTF("Invalid xml string.");
-        return invalid_argument;
+    graph_idx = ov_ctx->n_graphs;
+    if (graph_idx >= MAX_GRAPHS) {
+        return runtime_error;
     }
+    graph = &ov_ctx->graphs[graph_idx];
+    memset(graph, 0, sizeof(*graph));
 
     /* transfer weight to an ov tensor */
     {
-        ov_ctx->weight_data = os_malloc(weight.size);
-        if (!ov_ctx->weight_data)
+        graph->weight_data = os_malloc(weight.size);
+        if (!graph->weight_data)
             goto fail;
-        memcpy(ov_ctx->weight_data, weight.buf, weight.size);
+        memcpy(graph->weight_data, weight.buf, weight.size);
 
         ov_element_type_e type = U8;
         int64_t dims[1] = { weight.size };
         ov_shape_t shape = { 1, dims };
         CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_tensor_create_from_host_ptr(type, shape,
-                                                       ov_ctx->weight_data,
-                                                       &ov_ctx->weights_tensor),
+                                                       graph->weight_data,
+                                                       &graph->weights_tensor),
                         ret);
     }
 
     /* load model from buffer */
     CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_core_read_model_from_memory_buffer(
                         ov_ctx->core, (char *)xml.buf, xml.size,
-                        ov_ctx->weights_tensor, &ov_ctx->model),
+                        graph->weights_tensor, &graph->model),
                     ret);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-    print_model_input_output_info(ov_ctx->model);
+    print_model_input_output_info(graph->model);
 #endif
 
-    ret = success;
+    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_core_compile_model(ov_ctx->core, graph->model, "CPU", 0,
+                                          &graph->compiled_model),
+                    ret);
+
+    *g = graph_idx;
+    ov_ctx->n_graphs++;
+    return success;
 fail:
+    free_graph(graph);
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -265,20 +305,62 @@ __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 load_by_name(void *ctx, const char *filename, uint32_t filename_len, graph *g)
 {
     OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
+    struct OpenVINOGraph *graph;
+    unsigned int graph_idx;
     wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;
 
-    CHECK_OV_STATUS(
-        ov_core_read_model(ov_ctx->core, filename, NULL, &ov_ctx->model), ret);
+    graph_idx = ov_ctx->n_graphs;
+    if (graph_idx >= MAX_GRAPHS) {
+        return runtime_error;
+    }
+    graph = &ov_ctx->graphs[graph_idx];
 
-    ret = success;
+    memset(graph, 0, sizeof(*graph));
+    CHECK_OV_STATUS(
+        ov_core_read_model(ov_ctx->core, filename, NULL, &graph->model), ret);
+
+    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_core_compile_model(ov_ctx->core, graph->model, "CPU", 0,
+                                          &graph->compiled_model),
+                    ret);
+
+    *g = graph_idx;
+    ov_ctx->n_graphs++;
+    return success;
 fail:
+    free_graph(graph);
     return ret;
 }
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 init_execution_context(void *ctx, graph g, graph_execution_context *exec_ctx)
 {
+    OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
+    struct OpenVINOGraph *graph;
+    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *exec;
+    unsigned int exec_idx;
+    wasi_nn_error ret;
+
+    if (g >= ov_ctx->n_graphs)
+        return runtime_error;
+    graph = &ov_ctx->graphs[g];
+
+    exec_idx = ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts;
+    if (exec_idx >= MAX_EXECUTION_CONTEXTS)
+        return runtime_error;
+    exec = &ov_ctx->execution_contexts[exec_idx];
+
+    memset(exec, 0, sizeof(*exec));
+    exec->graph = graph;
+
+    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_compiled_model_create_infer_request(
+                        graph->compiled_model, &exec->infer_request),
+                    ret);
+
+    *exec_ctx = exec_idx;
+    ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts++;
     return success;
+fail:
+    return ret;
 }
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
@@ -286,19 +368,15 @@ set_input(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
           tensor *wasi_nn_tensor)
 {
     OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
+    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *exec;
     wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;
     ov_shape_t input_shape = { 0 };
+    ov_tensor_t *input_tensor = NULL;
     int64_t *ov_dims = NULL;
 
-    ov_preprocess_prepostprocessor_t *ppp = NULL;
-    ov_preprocess_input_info_t *input_info = NULL;
-    ov_preprocess_input_tensor_info_t *input_tensor_info = NULL;
-    ov_layout_t *input_layout = NULL;
-    ov_preprocess_preprocess_steps_t *input_process = NULL;
-    ov_preprocess_input_model_info_t *p_input_model = NULL;
-    ov_layout_t *model_layout = NULL;
-    ov_preprocess_output_info_t *output_info = NULL;
-    ov_preprocess_output_tensor_info_t *output_tensor_info = NULL;
+    if (exec_ctx >= ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts)
+        return runtime_error;
+    exec = &ov_ctx->execution_contexts[exec_ctx];
 
     /* wasi_nn_tensor -> ov_tensor */
     {
@@ -308,17 +386,6 @@ set_input(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
         if (ret != success)
             goto fail;
 
-        /* NCHW -> NHWC */
-        if (wasi_nn_tensor->dimensions->size == 4 || ov_dims[1] == 3) {
-            /* N */
-            /* H */
-            ov_dims[1] = ov_dims[2];
-            /* W */
-            ov_dims[2] = ov_dims[3];
-            /* C */
-            ov_dims[3] = 3;
-        }
-
         CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_shape_create(wasi_nn_tensor->dimensions->size,
                                         ov_dims, &input_shape),
                         ret);
@@ -334,101 +401,22 @@ set_input(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
                       shape_info);
 
         CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_tensor_create_from_host_ptr(input_type, input_shape,
-                                                       wasi_nn_tensor->data,
-                                                       &ov_ctx->input_tensor),
+                                                       wasi_nn_tensor->data.buf,
+                                                       &input_tensor),
                         ret);
     }
 
-    /* set preprocess based on wasi_nn_tensor */
-    {
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(
-            ov_preprocess_prepostprocessor_create(ov_ctx->model, &ppp), ret);
-
-        /* reuse user' created tensor's info */
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_preprocess_prepostprocessor_get_input_info_by_index(
-                            ppp, index, &input_info),
-                        ret);
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_preprocess_input_info_get_tensor_info(
-                            input_info, &input_tensor_info),
-                        ret);
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_preprocess_input_tensor_info_set_from(
-                            input_tensor_info, ov_ctx->input_tensor),
-                        ret);
-        /* ! HAS TO BE NHWC. Match previous layout conversion */
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_layout_create("NHWC", &input_layout), ret);
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_preprocess_input_tensor_info_set_layout(
-                            input_tensor_info, input_layout),
-                        ret);
-
-        /* add RESIZE */
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_preprocess_input_info_get_preprocess_steps(
-                            input_info, &input_process),
-                        ret);
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(
-            ov_preprocess_preprocess_steps_resize(input_process, RESIZE_LINEAR),
-            ret);
-
-        /* input model */
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(
-            ov_preprocess_input_info_get_model_info(input_info, &p_input_model),
-            ret);
-        // TODO: what if not?
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_layout_create("NCHW", &model_layout), ret);
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_preprocess_input_model_info_set_layout(p_input_model,
-                                                                  model_layout),
-                        ret);
-
-        /* output -> F32(possibility) */
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_preprocess_prepostprocessor_get_output_info_by_index(
-                            ppp, index, &output_info),
-                        ret);
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_preprocess_output_info_get_tensor_info(
-                            output_info, &output_tensor_info),
-                        ret);
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(
-            ov_preprocess_output_set_element_type(output_tensor_info, F32),
-            ret);
-
-        CHECK_OV_STATUS(
-            ov_preprocess_prepostprocessor_build(ppp, &ov_ctx->new_model), ret);
-    }
-
-    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_core_compile_model(ov_ctx->core, ov_ctx->new_model,
-                                          "CPU", 0, &ov_ctx->compiled_model),
-                    ret);
-
-    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_compiled_model_create_infer_request(
-                        ov_ctx->compiled_model, &ov_ctx->infer_request),
-                    ret);
-
     /* install ov_tensor -> infer_request */
     CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_infer_request_set_input_tensor_by_index(
-                        ov_ctx->infer_request, index, ov_ctx->input_tensor),
+                        exec->infer_request, index, input_tensor),
                     ret);
     ret = success;
-
 fail:
     if (ov_dims)
         os_free(ov_dims);
+    if (input_tensor)
+        ov_tensor_free(input_tensor);
     ov_shape_free(&input_shape);
-    if (ppp)
-        ov_preprocess_prepostprocessor_free(ppp);
-    if (input_info)
-        ov_preprocess_input_info_free(input_info);
-    if (input_tensor_info)
-        ov_preprocess_input_tensor_info_free(input_tensor_info);
-    if (input_layout)
-        ov_layout_free(input_layout);
-    if (input_process)
-        ov_preprocess_preprocess_steps_free(input_process);
-    if (p_input_model)
-        ov_preprocess_input_model_info_free(p_input_model);
-    if (model_layout)
-        ov_layout_free(model_layout);
-    if (output_info)
-        ov_preprocess_output_info_free(output_info);
-    if (output_tensor_info)
-        ov_preprocess_output_tensor_info_free(output_tensor_info);
 
     return ret;
 }
@@ -437,9 +425,14 @@ __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 compute(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx)
 {
     OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
+    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *exec;
     wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;
 
-    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_infer_request_infer(ov_ctx->infer_request), ret);
+    if (exec_ctx >= ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts)
+        return runtime_error;
+    exec = &ov_ctx->execution_contexts[exec_ctx];
+
+    CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_infer_request_infer(exec->infer_request), ret);
     ret = success;
 fail:
     return ret;
@@ -447,23 +440,33 @@ fail:
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 get_output(void *ctx, graph_execution_context exec_ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
+           tensor_data *output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 {
     OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
+    struct OpenVINOExecutionContext *exec;
     wasi_nn_error ret = unsupported_operation;
     ov_tensor_t *ov_tensor = NULL;
     void *data = NULL;
     size_t byte_size = 0;
 
+    if (exec_ctx >= ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts)
+        return runtime_error;
+    exec = &ov_ctx->execution_contexts[exec_ctx];
+
     CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_infer_request_get_output_tensor_by_index(
-                        ov_ctx->infer_request, index, &ov_tensor),
+                        exec->infer_request, index, &ov_tensor),
                     ret);
 
     CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_tensor_get_byte_size(ov_tensor, &byte_size), ret);
 
+    if (byte_size > output_tensor->size) {
+        ret = too_large;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
     CHECK_OV_STATUS(ov_tensor_data(ov_tensor, &data), ret);
 
-    memcpy(output_tensor, data, byte_size);
+    memcpy(output_tensor->buf, data, byte_size);
 
     *output_tensor_size = (uint32_t)byte_size;
 
@@ -517,27 +520,16 @@ __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 deinit_backend(void *ctx)
 {
     OpenVINOContext *ov_ctx = (OpenVINOContext *)ctx;
+    unsigned int i;
 
     if (!ov_ctx)
         return invalid_argument;
 
-    if (ov_ctx->weight_data)
-        os_free(ov_ctx->weight_data);
+    for (i = 0; i < ov_ctx->n_execution_contexts; i++)
+        free_execution_context(&ov_ctx->execution_contexts[i]);
 
-    if (ov_ctx->weights_tensor)
-        ov_tensor_free(ov_ctx->weights_tensor);
-
-    if (ov_ctx->input_tensor)
-        ov_tensor_free(ov_ctx->input_tensor);
-
-    if (ov_ctx->infer_request)
-        ov_infer_request_free(ov_ctx->infer_request);
-
-    if (ov_ctx->compiled_model)
-        ov_compiled_model_free(ov_ctx->compiled_model);
-
-    if (ov_ctx->model)
-        ov_model_free(ov_ctx->model);
+    for (i = 0; i < ov_ctx->n_graphs; i++)
+        free_graph(&ov_ctx->graphs[i]);
 
     if (ov_ctx->core)
         ov_core_free(ov_ctx->core);

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_private.h

@@ -9,7 +9,12 @@
 #include "wasi_nn_types.h"
 #include "wasm_export.h"
 
+#include "bh_platform.h"
+
 typedef struct {
+    korp_mutex lock;
+    bool busy;
+    bool is_backend_ctx_initialized;
     bool is_model_loaded;
     graph_encoding backend;
     void *backend_ctx;
@@ -27,7 +32,7 @@ typedef wasi_nn_error (*SET_INPUT)(void *, graph_execution_context, uint32_t,
                                    tensor *);
 typedef wasi_nn_error (*COMPUTE)(void *, graph_execution_context);
 typedef wasi_nn_error (*GET_OUTPUT)(void *, graph_execution_context, uint32_t,
-                                    tensor_data, uint32_t *);
+                                    tensor_data *, uint32_t *);
 /* wasi-nn general APIs */
 typedef wasi_nn_error (*BACKEND_INITIALIZE)(void **);
 typedef wasi_nn_error (*BACKEND_DEINITIALIZE)(void *);

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_tensorflowlite.cpp

@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
  */
 
-#include "wasi_nn_tensorflowlite.hpp"
 #include "utils/logger.h"
 
 #include "bh_platform.h"
-#include "wasi_nn_types.h"
+#include "wasi_nn_backend.h"
 #include "wasm_export.h"
 
 #include <tensorflow/lite/interpreter.h>
@@ -281,6 +280,11 @@ set_input(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
 {
     TFLiteContext *tfl_ctx = (TFLiteContext *)tflite_ctx;
 
+    if (input_tensor->type != fp32) {
+        NN_ERR_PRINTF("unsupported input tensor type %u", input_tensor->type);
+        return runtime_error;
+    }
+
     wasi_nn_error res;
     if (success != (res = is_valid_graph_execution_context(tfl_ctx, ctx)))
         return res;
@@ -319,7 +323,7 @@ set_input(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
                 index);
 
         int size = model_tensor_size * sizeof(float);
-        bh_memcpy_s(it, size, input_tensor->data, size);
+        bh_memcpy_s(it, size, input_tensor->data.buf, size);
     }
     else { // TODO: Assuming uint8 quantized networks.
         TfLiteAffineQuantization *quant_info =
@@ -337,7 +341,7 @@ set_input(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
         NN_DBG_PRINTF("input tensor: (scale, offset) = (%f, %f)", scale,
                       zero_point);
 
-        float *input_tensor_f = (float *)input_tensor->data;
+        float *input_tensor_f = (float *)input_tensor->data.buf;
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < model_tensor_size; ++i) {
             it[i] = (uint8_t)(input_tensor_f[i] / scale + zero_point);
         }
@@ -361,7 +365,7 @@ compute(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx)
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
 get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
+           tensor_data *output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size)
 {
     TFLiteContext *tfl_ctx = (TFLiteContext *)tflite_ctx;
 
@@ -384,23 +388,34 @@ get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
         return too_large;
     }
 
-    uint32_t model_tensor_size = 1;
-    for (int i = 0; i < (int)tensor->dims->size; ++i)
-        model_tensor_size *= (uint32_t)tensor->dims->data[i];
-
-    if (*output_tensor_size < model_tensor_size) {
+    if (tensor->quantization.type == kTfLiteNoQuantization) {
+        NN_DBG_PRINTF("No quantization information");
+#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
+        if (output_tensor->size < tensor->bytes) {
             NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
             return too_large;
         }
-
-    if (tensor->quantization.type == kTfLiteNoQuantization) {
-        NN_DBG_PRINTF("No quantization information");
-        float *ot =
-            tfl_ctx->interpreters[ctx].interpreter->typed_output_tensor<float>(
-                index);
-
-        int size = model_tensor_size * sizeof(float);
-        bh_memcpy_s(output_tensor, size, ot, size);
+#else
+        /*
+         * for now, maintain the bug-to-bug compatibility with the old abi,
+         * where the size here is the number of fp32, not bytes.
+         */
+        if (output_tensor->size < tensor->bytes / sizeof(float)) {
+            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
+            return too_large;
+        }
+#endif
+        bh_memcpy_s(output_tensor->buf, output_tensor->size, tensor->data.data,
+                    tensor->bytes);
+#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
+        *output_tensor_size = tensor->bytes;
+#else
+        /*
+         * for now, maintain the bug-to-bug compatibility with the old abi,
+         * where the size here is the number of fp32, not bytes.
+         */
+        *output_tensor_size = tensor->bytes / sizeof(float);
+#endif
     }
     else { // TODO: Assuming uint8 quantized networks.
         TfLiteAffineQuantization *quant_info =
@@ -409,6 +424,27 @@ get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
             NN_ERR_PRINTF("Quantization per channel is not supported");
             return runtime_error;
         }
+
+        uint32_t model_tensor_size = 1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < (int)tensor->dims->size; ++i)
+            model_tensor_size *= (uint32_t)tensor->dims->data[i];
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
+        if (output_tensor->size / sizeof(float) < model_tensor_size) {
+            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
+            return too_large;
+        }
+#else
+        /*
+         * for now, maintain the bug-to-bug compatibility with the old abi,
+         * where the size here is the number of fp32, not bytes.
+         */
+        if (output_tensor->size < model_tensor_size) {
+            NN_ERR_PRINTF("Insufficient memory to copy tensor %d", index);
+            return too_large;
+        }
+#endif
+
         uint8_t *ot = tfl_ctx->interpreters[ctx]
                           .interpreter->typed_output_tensor<uint8_t>(index);
 
@@ -417,13 +453,22 @@ get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
         NN_DBG_PRINTF("output tensor: (scale, offset) = (%f, %f)", scale,
                       zero_point);
 
-        float *output_tensor_f = (float *)output_tensor;
+        float *output_tensor_f = (float *)output_tensor->buf;
         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < model_tensor_size; ++i) {
             output_tensor_f[i] = (ot[i] - zero_point) * scale;
         }
+
+#if WASM_ENABLE_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN != 0
+        *output_tensor_size = model_tensor_size * sizeof(float);
+#else
+        /*
+         * for now, maintain the bug-to-bug compatibility with the old abi,
+         * where the size here is the number of fp32, not bytes.
+         */
+        *output_tensor_size = model_tensor_size;
+#endif
     }
 
-    *output_tensor_size = model_tensor_size;
     return success;
 }
 

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/src/wasi_nn_tensorflowlite.hpp

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
- */
-
-#ifndef WASI_NN_TENSORFLOWLITE_HPP
-#define WASI_NN_TENSORFLOWLITE_HPP
-
-#include "wasi_nn_types.h"
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-load(void *tflite_ctx, graph_builder_array *builder, graph_encoding encoding,
-     execution_target target, graph *g);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-load_by_name(void *tflite_ctx, const char *filename, uint32_t filename_len,
-             graph *g);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-init_execution_context(void *tflite_ctx, graph g, graph_execution_context *ctx);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-set_input(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
-          tensor *input_tensor);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-compute(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-get_output(void *tflite_ctx, graph_execution_context ctx, uint32_t index,
-           tensor_data output_tensor, uint32_t *output_tensor_size);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-init_backend(void **tflite_ctx);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) wasi_nn_error
-deinit_backend(void *tflite_ctx);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/test/build.sh

@@ -3,6 +3,17 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 
+# on intel mac, this ends up with a lot of the following error.
+#
+#  AttributeError: 'Sequential' object has no attribute '_get_save_spec'.
+#
+# * "pip install tensorflow" installs tensorflow 2.16.2 on intel mac.
+#   (because it's the last version before tf deprecated the target.)
+# * keras 3 support in the version seems incomplete (thus the error)
+# * a workaround: use keras 2 as mentioned in:
+#   https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/releases/tag/v2.16.1
+#   https://blog.tensorflow.org/2024/03/whats-new-in-tensorflow-216.html
+
 CURR_PATH=$(cd $(dirname $0) && pwd -P)
 
 # WASM application that uses WASI-NN

core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn/test/models/mult_outputs.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 import tensorflow as tf
 import numpy as np
-from keras.layers import AveragePooling2D, Conv2D
+from tensorflow.keras.layers import AveragePooling2D, Conv2D
 
 from tensorflow.keras import Input, Model
 

core/shared/platform/esp-idf/espidf_platform.c

@@ -201,10 +201,20 @@ openat(int fd, const char *pathname, int flags, ...)
     int ret;
     char dir_path[DIR_PATH_LEN];
     char *full_path;
+    mode_t mode = 0;
+    bool has_mode = false;
+
+    if (flags & O_CREAT) {
+        va_list ap;
+        va_start(ap, flags);
+        mode = (mode_t)va_arg(ap, int);
+        va_end(ap);
+        has_mode = true;
+    }
 
     ret = fcntl(fd, F_GETPATH, dir_path);
     if (ret != 0) {
-        errno = -EINVAL;
+        errno = EINVAL;
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -214,7 +224,7 @@ openat(int fd, const char *pathname, int flags, ...)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    new_fd = open(full_path, flags);
+    new_fd = has_mode ? open(full_path, flags, mode) : open(full_path, flags);
     free(full_path);
 
     return new_fd;

core/shared/utils/bh_vector.c

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ extend_vector(Vector *vector, size_t length)
     if (length <= vector->max_elems)
         return true;
 
-    if (length < vector->size_elem * 3 / 2)
-        length = vector->size_elem * 3 / 2;
+    if (length < vector->max_elems * 3 / 2)
+        length = vector->max_elems * 3 / 2;
 
     if (!(data = alloc_vector_data(length, vector->size_elem))) {
         return false;
@@ -194,12 +194,12 @@ bh_vector_append(Vector *vector, const void *elem_buf)
         goto just_return;
     }
 
-    /* make sure one more slot is used by the thread who allocas it */
+    /* make sure one more slot is used by the thread who allocates it */
     if (vector->lock)
         os_mutex_lock(vector->lock);
 
     if (!extend_vector(vector, vector->num_elems + 1)) {
-        LOG_ERROR("Append ector elem failed: extend vector failed.\n");
+        LOG_ERROR("Append vector elem failed: extend vector failed.\n");
         goto unlock_return;
     }
 

doc/build_wamr.md

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ cmake -DWAMR_BUILD_PLATFORM=linux -DWAMR_BUILD_TARGET=ARM
 
 ### **Enable lib wasi-nn**
 - **WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN**=1/0, default to disable if not set
+> Note: WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN without WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN is deprecated and will likely be removed in future versions of WAMR. Please consider to enable WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN as well.
 > Note: See [WASI-NN](../core/iwasm/libraries/wasi-nn) for more details.
 
 ### **Enable lib wasi-nn GPU mode**
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ cmake -DWAMR_BUILD_PLATFORM=linux -DWAMR_BUILD_TARGET=ARM
 - **WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN_EXTERNAL_DELEGATE_PATH**=Path to the external delegate shared library (e.g. `libedgetpu.so.1.0` for Coral USB)
 
 ### **Enable lib wasi-nn with `wasi_ephemeral_nn` module support**
-- **WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN**=1/0, default to disable if not set
+- **WAMR_BUILD_WASI_EPHEMERAL_NN**=1/0, default to enable if not set
 
 ### **Disable boundary check with hardware trap**
 - **WAMR_DISABLE_HW_BOUND_CHECK**=1/0, default to enable if not set and supported by platform
@@ -292,6 +293,10 @@ Currently we only profile the memory consumption of module, module_instance and
 - **WAMR_BUILD_AOT_INTRINSICS**=1/0, enable the AOT intrinsic functions, default to enable if not set. These functions can be called from the AOT code when `--disable-llvm-intrinsics` flag or `--enable-builtin-intrinsics=<intr1,intr2,...>` flag is used by wamrc to generate the AOT file.
 > Note: See [Tuning the XIP intrinsic functions](./xip.md#tuning-the-xip-intrinsic-functions) for more details.
 
+### **Enable extended constant expression**
+- **WAMR_BUILD_EXTENDED_CONST_EXPR**=1/0, default to disable if not set.
+> Note: See [Extended Constant Expressions](https://github.com/WebAssembly/extended-const/blob/main/proposals/extended-const/Overview.md) for more details.
+
 ### **Configurable memory access boundary check**
 - **WAMR_CONFIGURABLE_BOUNDS_CHECKS**=1/0, default to disable if not set
 > Note: If it is enabled, allow to run `iwasm --disable-bounds-checks` to disable the memory access boundary checks for interpreter mode.

language-bindings/python/wamr-api/README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 ### Pre-requisites
 #### Install requirements
-Before proceeding it is necessary to make sure your Python environment is correctly configured. To do ths open a terminal session in this directory and perfom the following:
+Before proceeding it is necessary to make sure your Python environment is correctly configured. To do this open a terminal session in this directory and perform the following:
 
 
 ```shell

language-bindings/python/wasm-c-api/docs/design.md

@@ -353,12 +353,12 @@ writable and needs to be copied into a ctype array.
 
 #### variable arguments
 
-A function with _variable arugments_ makes it hard to specify the required
+A function with _variable arguments_ makes it hard to specify the required
 argument types for the function prototype. It leaves us one way to call it
 directly without any arguments type checking.
 
 ```python
-libc.printf(b"Hello, an int %d, a float %f, a string %s\n", c_int(1), c_doulbe(3.14), "World!")
+libc.printf(b"Hello, an int %d, a float %f, a string %s\n", c_int(1), c_double(3.14), "World!")
 ```
 
 #### Use `c_bool` to represent `wasm_mutability_t `
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ libc.printf(b"Hello, an int %d, a float %f, a string %s\n", c_int(1), c_doulbe(3
 
 ### bindgen.py
 
-`bindge.py` is a tool to create WAMR python binding automatically. `binding.py`
+`bindgen.py` is a tool to create WAMR python binding automatically. `binding.py`
 is generated. We should avoid modification on it. Additional helpers should go
 to `ffi.py`.
 

product-mini/README.md

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ The Fast JIT is a lightweight JIT engine with quick startup, small footprint and
 (6) To enable the `Multi-tier JIT` mode:
 ``` Bash
 mkdir build && cd build
-cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JTI=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1
+cmake .. -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_JIT=1
 make
 ```
 The Multi-tier JIT is a two level JIT tier-up engine, which launches Fast JIT to run the wasm module as soon as possible and creates backend threads to compile the LLVM JIT functions at the same time, and when the LLVM JIT functions are compiled, the runtime will switch the extecution from the Fast JIT jitted code to LLVM JIT jitted code gradually, so as to gain the best performance.

product-mini/platforms/darwin/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -114,6 +114,12 @@ set (CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS}")
 
 set (CMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH True)
 
+# if enable wasi-nn, both wasi-nn-backends and iwasm
+# need to use same WAMR (dynamic) libraries
+if (WAMR_BUILD_WASI_NN EQUAL 1)
+  set (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ON)
+endif ()
+
 set (WAMR_ROOT_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../..)
 
 include (${WAMR_ROOT_DIR}/build-scripts/runtime_lib.cmake)

product-mini/platforms/linux-sgx/enclave-sample/App/pal_api.h

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ struct wamr_pal_create_process_args {
     // Untrusted environment variable array pass to new process.
     //
     // The untrusted env vars to the command. And the last element of the array
-    // must be NULL to indicate the length of array.
+    // must be NULL to indicate the end of the array.
     //
     // Optional field.
     const char **env;

samples/shared-heap/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -83,17 +83,21 @@ target_link_libraries(vmlib ${LLVM_AVAILABLE_LIBS} ${UV_A_LIBS} -lm -ldl -lpthre
 include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src)
 include (${SHARED_DIR}/utils/uncommon/shared_uncommon.cmake)
 
+add_executable (shared_heap_chain_test src/shared_heap_chain.c ${UNCOMMON_SHARED_SOURCE})
 add_executable (shared_heap_test src/main.c ${UNCOMMON_SHARED_SOURCE})
 
 check_pie_supported()
 set_target_properties (shared_heap_test PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
 
 if (APPLE)
-  target_link_libraries (shared_heap_test vmlib -lm -ldl -lpthread)
+  set (LIBS vmlib -lm -ldl -lpthread)
 else ()
-  target_link_libraries (shared_heap_test vmlib -lm -ldl -lpthread -lrt)
+  set (LIBS vmlib -lm -ldl -lpthread -lrt)
 endif ()
 
+target_link_libraries (shared_heap_chain_test ${LIBS})
+target_link_libraries (shared_heap_test ${LIBS})
+
 add_subdirectory(wasm-apps)
 
 if (WAMR_BUILD_AOT EQUAL 1)
@@ -107,21 +111,31 @@ if (WAMR_BUILD_AOT EQUAL 1)
   )
   if (WAMR_COMPILER)
     message (CHECK_PASS "found")
-  else()
+  else ()
     message (CHECK_FAIL "not found")
-  endif()
+  endif ()
   if (NOT EXISTS ${WAMR_COMPILER})
     message (FATAL_ERROR "Please build wamrc under ${WAMR_ROOT_DIR}/wamr-compiler")
-  else()
+  else ()
     message (STATUS "WAMR_COMPILER is ${WAMR_COMPILER}")
-  endif()
+  endif ()
+
+  if (WAMR_BUILD_TARGET STREQUAL "X86_32")
+    set (WAMR_COMPILER_FLAGS --enable-shared-heap --target=i386)
+    set (WAMR_COMPILER_CHAIN_FLAGS --enable-shared-chain --target=i386)
+  else ()
+    set (WAMR_COMPILER_FLAGS --enable-shared-heap)
+    set (WAMR_COMPILER_CHAIN_FLAGS --enable-shared-chain)
+  endif ()
 
   add_custom_target(
     wasm_to_aot
     ALL
     DEPENDS wasm-apps/test1.wasm wasm-apps/test2.wasm ${WAMR_COMPILER}
-    COMMAND ${WAMR_COMPILER} --enable-shared-heap -o wasm-apps/test1.aot wasm-apps/test1.wasm
-    COMMAND ${WAMR_COMPILER} --enable-shared-heap -o wasm-apps/test2.aot wasm-apps/test2.wasm
+    COMMAND ${WAMR_COMPILER} ${WAMR_COMPILER_FLAGS} -o wasm-apps/test1.aot wasm-apps/test1.wasm
+    COMMAND ${WAMR_COMPILER} ${WAMR_COMPILER_FLAGS} -o wasm-apps/test2.aot wasm-apps/test2.wasm
+    COMMAND ${WAMR_COMPILER} ${WAMR_COMPILER_CHAIN_FLAGS} -o wasm-apps/test1_chain.aot wasm-apps/test1.wasm
+    COMMAND ${WAMR_COMPILER} ${WAMR_COMPILER_CHAIN_FLAGS} -o wasm-apps/test2_chain.aot wasm-apps/test2.wasm
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}
   )
 endif()

samples/shared-heap/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Shared heap Sample introduction
+
+This is a sample to show how to use the shared heap feature in WAMR. The shared heap feature allows multiple WASM instances to share the same memory space. This feature is useful when you want to run multiple WASM instances in the same process and share data between them. The sandbox nature of WASM is still maintained in the shared heap by WAMR. But the data management and correct data synchronization in shared heap is relied on the user's implementation.
+
+> Note: The shared heap feature is experimental feature, it should be used with caution. It's optional and only available when building WAMR with the CMake cache variable `WAMR_BUILD_SHARED_HEAP` set to 1.
+
+## Build and run the sample
+
+To build the shared heap used in multi thread sample and the shared heap chain sample with following commands:
+
+```bash
+cmake -S . -B build
+cmake --build build
+```
+
+For the shared heap sample, it demonstrates how to create a shared heap and use it shares data between two WASM instances, which would satisfy most of the use cases. Use the following commands to run the sample:
+
+```bash
+cd build
+./shared_heap_test
+```
+
+For the shared heap chain sample. It chains a pre-allocated heap and a normal shared heap to one chain(linked list) as a whole and attaches/detaches all together, and pass the WASM address directly between two WASM instances. Use the following commands to run the sample:
+
+```bash
+cd build
+./shared_heap_chain_test
+```
+
+## How to use shared heap
+
+The shared heap is an advanced feature in WAMR that gives the user flexibility to share data between multiple WASM instances(it will be the same address mapping for different WASM instance) or between WebAssembly and the host without incurring any copy overhead. The shared heap can be regarded as an extension of the WebAssembly linear memory. But it also heavily relies on the user's implementation to manage the shared data correctly. The following are some takeaway points to help the user use the shared heap correctly.
+
+### Create and manage shared heap
+
+You can create a shared heap by calling the `wasm_runtime_create_shared_heap(SharedHeapInitArgs *init_args)` API. And based on the `init_args`, you can create a shared heap in two ways:
+
+1. WAMR managed shared heap: when only `init_args.size` is given and `init_args.pre_allocated_addr` stays as NULL, WAMR will allocate a shared heap(not from the linear memory) with the given size. The shared heap will be managed by WAMR, the wasm app or host(WAMR users) can dynamically manage memory from it by calling `wasm_runtime_shared_heap_malloc()` and `wasm_runtime_shared_heap_free()` on demand. Only the memory allocated from the shared heap is valid and can be shared, not the unallocated part of shared heap memory. And it will be automatically freed when runtime is destroyed(when `wasm_runtime_destroy()` is called).
+
+2. Preallocated shared heap: the user can also use a pre-allocated memory(it can be allocated from the system heap, or is a static global buffer, the correctness of its accessibility and size needs to be ensured by the user) as a shared heap by giving `init_args.pre_allocated_addr` and `init_args.size`. This kind of shared heap serves as an area for data exchange, primarily between the host and WebAssembly. Any data within this area can be directly accessed by both sides (assuming the layout of the data structure is known). For instance, the host can store large structured variables in this space, allowing the WebAssembly application to operate on them without the need for copying. And the pre-allocated memory will relies on user to manage its life cycle.
+
+After creation, the shared heap can be attached to a WASM instance(an additional segment appended to the end of the linear memory) by calling `wasm_runtime_attach_shared_heap(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst, wasm_shared_heap_t shared_heap)`. And it can be detached by calling `wasm_runtime_detach_shared_heap(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst)`. So that the data sharing can only happen between the WASM instances that have the same shared heap attached, complete by user's choice.
+
+#### Shared heap chain
+
+Sometimes you may want to use multiple shared heaps to attach together as a chain(linked list) and to share data more flexibly. You can call `wasm_runtime_chain_shared_heaps(wasm_shared_heap_t head, wasm_shared_heap_t body)` to chain two shared heaps together. The shared heap list remains one continuous shared heap in wasm app's point of view. To create a shared heap chain, the shared heaps can't be currently attached to any WASM instance.
+
+> PS: At most one shared heap in shared heap list can be  WAMR managed shared heap, the rest have to be the pre-allocated shared heap.
+
+![shared-heap-chain](./images/shared_heap_chain.png)

samples/shared-heap/src/main.c

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ thread1_callback(void *arg)
                  i + 1);
 
         printf("wasm app1 send buf: %s\n\n", buf);
-        if (!bh_post_msg(queue, 1, buf, 1024 * i)) {
+        if (!bh_post_msg(queue, 1, buf, 1024 * (i + 1))) {
             printf("Failed to post message to queue\n");
             wasm_runtime_shared_heap_free(module_inst, offset);
             break;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ thread1_callback(void *arg)
         buf = wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native(module_inst, argv[0]);
 
         printf("wasm app1 send buf: %s\n\n", buf);
-        if (!bh_post_msg(queue, 1, buf, 1024 * i)) {
+        if (!bh_post_msg(queue, 1, buf, 1024 * (i + 1))) {
             printf("Failed to post message to queue\n");
             wasm_runtime_shared_heap_free(module_inst, argv[0]);
             break;
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
     heap_init_args.size = 65536;
     shared_heap = wasm_runtime_create_shared_heap(&heap_init_args);
     if (!shared_heap) {
-        printf("Create shared heap failed. error: %s\n", error_buf);
+        printf("Create shared heap failed.\n");
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
 
     /* create thread 1 */
-    struct thread_arg targ1 = { 0 };
+    thread_arg targ1 = { 0 };
     korp_tid tid1;
     targ1.queue = queue;
     targ1.module_inst = module_inst1;
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
 
     /* create thread 2 */
-    struct thread_arg targ2 = { 0 };
+    thread_arg targ2 = { 0 };
     korp_tid tid2;
     targ2.queue = queue;
     targ2.module_inst = module_inst2;

samples/shared-heap/src/shared_heap_chain.c

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+ */
+
+#include "wasm_export.h"
+#include "bh_platform.h"
+#include "bh_read_file.h"
+
+#define BUF_SIZE 4096
+static char preallocated_buf[BUF_SIZE];
+
+static bool
+produce_data(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst, wasm_exec_env_t exec_env,
+             bh_queue *queue, wasm_function_inst_t func, uint32 *argv,
+             uint32 buf_size, bool free_on_fail)
+{
+    uint8 *buf;
+
+    wasm_runtime_call_wasm(exec_env, func, 2, argv);
+
+    if (wasm_runtime_get_exception(module_inst)) {
+        printf("Failed to call function: %s\n",
+               wasm_runtime_get_exception(module_inst));
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (argv[0] == 0) {
+        printf("Failed to allocate memory from shared heap\n");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    buf = wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native(module_inst, argv[0]);
+    printf("wasm app1 send buf: %s\n\n", buf);
+
+    /* Passes wasm address directly between wasm apps since memory in shared
+     * heap chain is viewed as single address space in wasm's perspective */
+    buf = (uint8 *)(uintptr_t)argv[0];
+    if (!bh_post_msg(queue, 1, buf, buf_size)) {
+        printf("Failed to post message to queue\n");
+        if (free_on_fail)
+            wasm_runtime_shared_heap_free(module_inst, argv[0]);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void *
+wasm_producer(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst, bh_queue *queue)
+{
+    wasm_exec_env_t exec_env;
+    wasm_function_inst_t my_shared_heap_malloc_func, my_shared_heap_free_func,
+        produce_str_func;
+    uint32 i, argv[2];
+
+    /* lookup wasm functions */
+    if (!(my_shared_heap_malloc_func = wasm_runtime_lookup_function(
+              module_inst, "my_shared_heap_malloc"))
+        || !(my_shared_heap_free_func = wasm_runtime_lookup_function(
+                 module_inst, "my_shared_heap_free"))
+        || !(produce_str_func =
+                 wasm_runtime_lookup_function(module_inst, "produce_str"))) {
+        printf("Failed to lookup function.\n");
+    }
+
+    /* create exec env */
+    if (!(exec_env = wasm_runtime_create_exec_env(module_inst, 32768))) {
+        printf("Failed to create exec env.\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate memory by calling my_shared_heap_malloc function and send it
+       to wasm app2 */
+    for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        argv[0] = 1024 * (i + 1);
+        argv[1] = i + 1;
+        if (!produce_data(module_inst, exec_env, queue,
+                          my_shared_heap_malloc_func, argv, 1024 * (i + 1),
+                          true)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* use pre-allocated shared heap memory by calling produce_str function and
+       send it to wasm app2, the pre-allocated shared heap is the last one in
+       chain, so its end address is calculated from UIN32_MAX */
+    uint32 wasm_start_addr = UINT32_MAX - BUF_SIZE + 1;
+    for (i = 8; i < 16; i++) {
+        argv[0] = wasm_start_addr + 512 * (i - 8);
+        argv[1] = i + 1;
+        if (!produce_data(module_inst, exec_env, queue, produce_str_func, argv,
+                          512, false)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+wasm_consumer(wasm_module_inst_t module_inst, bh_queue *queue)
+{
+    wasm_function_inst_t print_buf_func, consume_str_func;
+    wasm_exec_env_t exec_env;
+    uint32 argv[2], i;
+    bh_message_t msg;
+    char *buf;
+
+    /* lookup wasm function */
+    if (!(print_buf_func =
+              wasm_runtime_lookup_function(module_inst, "print_buf"))
+        || !(consume_str_func =
+                 wasm_runtime_lookup_function(module_inst, "consume_str"))) {
+        printf("Failed to lookup function.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* create exec env */
+    if (!(exec_env = wasm_runtime_create_exec_env(module_inst, 32768))) {
+        printf("Failed to create exec env.\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        msg = bh_get_msg(queue, BHT_WAIT_FOREVER);
+        if (!msg)
+            return;
+        buf = bh_message_payload(msg);
+
+        /* call wasm function */
+        argv[0] = (uint32)(uintptr_t)buf;
+        if (i < 8)
+            wasm_runtime_call_wasm(exec_env, print_buf_func, 1, argv);
+        else
+            wasm_runtime_call_wasm(exec_env, consume_str_func, 1, argv);
+
+        if (wasm_runtime_get_exception(module_inst)) {
+            printf(
+                "Failed to call 'print_buf' or 'consumer_str' function: %s\n",
+                wasm_runtime_get_exception(module_inst));
+        }
+
+        bh_free_msg(msg);
+    }
+
+    wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
+}
+
+static char global_heap_buf[512 * 1024];
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    char *wasm_file1 = NULL, *wasm_file2 = NULL;
+    uint8 *wasm_file1_buf = NULL, *wasm_file2_buf = NULL;
+    uint32 wasm_file1_size, wasm_file2_size;
+    wasm_module_t wasm_module1 = NULL, wasm_module2 = NULL;
+    wasm_module_inst_t module_inst1 = NULL;
+    wasm_module_inst_t module_inst2 = NULL;
+    wasm_shared_heap_t shared_heap = NULL, shared_heap2 = NULL,
+                       shared_heap_chain = NULL;
+    bh_queue *queue = NULL;
+    RuntimeInitArgs init_args;
+    SharedHeapInitArgs heap_init_args;
+    char error_buf[128] = { 0 };
+    bool aot_mode = false;
+    int ret = -1;
+
+    if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--aot"))
+        aot_mode = true;
+
+    if (!aot_mode)
+        printf("Test shared heap in interpreter mode\n\n");
+    else
+        printf("Test shared heap in AOT mode\n\n");
+
+    memset(&init_args, 0, sizeof(RuntimeInitArgs));
+
+    init_args.mem_alloc_type = Alloc_With_Pool;
+    init_args.mem_alloc_option.pool.heap_buf = global_heap_buf;
+    init_args.mem_alloc_option.pool.heap_size = sizeof(global_heap_buf);
+
+    /* init wasm runtime */
+    if (!wasm_runtime_full_init(&init_args)) {
+        printf("Init runtime environment failed.\n");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* create queue */
+    if (!(queue = bh_queue_create())) {
+        printf("Create queue failed.\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* read wasm file */
+    if (!aot_mode)
+        wasm_file1 = "./wasm-apps/test1.wasm";
+    else
+        wasm_file1 = "./wasm-apps/test1_chain.aot";
+    if (!(wasm_file1_buf =
+              bh_read_file_to_buffer(wasm_file1, &wasm_file1_size))) {
+        printf("Open wasm file %s failed.\n", wasm_file1);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* load wasm file */
+    wasm_module1 = wasm_runtime_load((uint8 *)wasm_file1_buf, wasm_file1_size,
+                                     error_buf, sizeof(error_buf));
+    if (!wasm_module1) {
+        printf("Load wasm module failed. error: %s\n", error_buf);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* instantiate module */
+    module_inst1 = wasm_runtime_instantiate(wasm_module1, 65536, 0, error_buf,
+                                            sizeof(error_buf));
+    if (!module_inst1) {
+        printf("Instantiate wasm module failed. error: %s\n", error_buf);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* read wasm file */
+    if (!aot_mode)
+        wasm_file2 = "./wasm-apps/test2.wasm";
+    else
+        wasm_file2 = "./wasm-apps/test2_chain.aot";
+    if (!(wasm_file2_buf =
+              bh_read_file_to_buffer(wasm_file2, &wasm_file2_size))) {
+        printf("Open wasm file %s failed.\n", wasm_file1);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* load wasm file */
+    wasm_module2 = wasm_runtime_load((uint8 *)wasm_file2_buf, wasm_file2_size,
+                                     error_buf, sizeof(error_buf));
+    if (!wasm_module2) {
+        printf("Load wasm module failed. error: %s\n", error_buf);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* instantiate module */
+    module_inst2 = wasm_runtime_instantiate(wasm_module2, 65536, 0, error_buf,
+                                            sizeof(error_buf));
+    if (!module_inst2) {
+        printf("Instantiate wasm module failed. error: %s\n", error_buf);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* create shared heap */
+    memset(&heap_init_args, 0, sizeof(heap_init_args));
+    heap_init_args.size = 65536;
+    shared_heap = wasm_runtime_create_shared_heap(&heap_init_args);
+    if (!shared_heap) {
+        printf("Create shared heap failed.\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* create a preallocated shared heap */
+    memset(&heap_init_args, 0, sizeof(heap_init_args));
+    heap_init_args.pre_allocated_addr = preallocated_buf;
+    heap_init_args.size = BUF_SIZE;
+    shared_heap2 = wasm_runtime_create_shared_heap(&heap_init_args);
+    if (!shared_heap2) {
+        printf("Create preallocated shared heap failed\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    shared_heap_chain =
+        wasm_runtime_chain_shared_heaps(shared_heap, shared_heap2);
+    if (!shared_heap_chain) {
+        printf("Create shared heap chain failed\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* attach module instance 1 to the shared heap */
+    if (!wasm_runtime_attach_shared_heap(module_inst1, shared_heap_chain)) {
+        printf("Attach shared heap failed.\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* attach module instance 2 to the shared heap */
+    if (!wasm_runtime_attach_shared_heap(module_inst2, shared_heap_chain)) {
+        printf("Attach shared heap failed.\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    /* wasm 1 produce shared data */
+    wasm_producer(module_inst1, queue);
+
+    /* wasm 2 consume shared data */
+    wasm_consumer(module_inst2, queue);
+    ret = 0;
+
+fail:
+    if (module_inst2)
+        wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst2);
+
+    if (module_inst1)
+        wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst1);
+
+    if (wasm_module2)
+        wasm_runtime_unload(wasm_module2);
+
+    if (wasm_module1)
+        wasm_runtime_unload(wasm_module1);
+
+    if (wasm_file2_buf)
+        wasm_runtime_free(wasm_file2_buf);
+
+    if (wasm_file1_buf)
+        wasm_runtime_free(wasm_file1_buf);
+
+    if (queue)
+        bh_queue_destroy(queue);
+
+    wasm_runtime_destroy();
+
+    return ret;
+}

samples/shared-heap/wasm-apps/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -30,9 +30,7 @@ set (CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
       -Wl,--no-entry,--strip-all,                  \
       -Wl,--export=__heap_base,--export=__data_end \
       -Wl,--export=__wasm_call_ctors               \
-      -Wl,--export=my_shared_heap_malloc           \
-      -Wl,--export=my_shared_heap_free             \
-      -Wl,--export=print_buf                       \
+      -Wl,--export-all                             \
       -Wl,--allow-undefined"
 )
 

samples/shared-heap/wasm-apps/test1.c

@@ -58,3 +58,14 @@ my_shared_heap_free(void *ptr)
 {
     shared_heap_free(ptr);
 }
+
+void *
+produce_str(char *addr, uint32_t index)
+{
+    char c;
+    snprintf(addr, 512, "Data: %u stores to pre-allocated shared heap", index);
+    /* Actually access it in wasm */
+    c = addr[0];
+    printf("In WASM: the first char is %c\n", c);
+    return addr;
+}

samples/shared-heap/wasm-apps/test2.c

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdio.h>
-
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 extern void
 shared_heap_free(void *ptr);
@@ -16,3 +15,14 @@ print_buf(char *buf)
     printf("wasm app2's wasm func received buf: %s\n\n", buf);
     shared_heap_free(buf);
 }
+
+void
+consume_str(char *buf)
+{
+    /* Actually access it in wasm */
+    char c = buf[0];
+    printf("In WASM: wasm app2's wasm func received buf in pre-allocated "
+           "shared buf: "
+           "%s with its first char is %c\n\n",
+           buf, c);
+}

samples/socket-api/README.md

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Client is running...
 Start receiving.
 Start sending.
 Send 106 bytes successfully!
-Receive 106 bytes successlly!
+Receive 106 bytes successfully!
 Data:
   The stars shine down
   It brings us light

samples/socket-api/wasm-src/send_recv.c

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ static bool server_is_ready = false;
 void *
 run_as_server(void *arg)
 {
+    (void)arg;
     int sock = -1, on = 1;
     struct sockaddr_in addr = { 0 };
     int addrlen = 0;
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ run_as_server(void *arg)
 fail2:
     close(new_sock);
 fail1:
-    shutdown(sock, SHUT_RD);
+    shutdown(sock, SHUT_RDWR);
     close(sock);
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ fail1:
 void *
 run_as_client(void *arg)
 {
+    (void)arg;
     int sock = -1;
     struct sockaddr_in addr = { 0 };
     /* buf of server is 106 bytes */
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ run_as_client(void *arg)
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    printf("Receive %ld bytes successlly!\n", recv_len);
+    printf("Receive %ld bytes successfully!\n", recv_len);
     assert(recv_len == 106);
 
     printf("Data:\n");
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ run_as_client(void *arg)
     }
 
 fail:
-    shutdown(sock, SHUT_RD);
+    shutdown(sock, SHUT_RDWR);
     close(sock);
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -178,6 +180,8 @@ fail:
 int
 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
+    (void)argc;
+    (void)argv;
     pthread_t cs[2] = { 0 };
     uint8_t i = 0;
     int ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;

samples/wasm-c-api-imports/wasm/send_recv.c

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ local_printf(const char *formatter, ...)
 void *
 run_as_server(void *arg)
 {
+    (void)arg;
     int sock = -1, on = 1;
     struct sockaddr_in addr = { 0 };
     int addrlen = 0;
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ run_as_server(void *arg)
 fail2:
     close(new_sock);
 fail1:
-    shutdown(sock, SHUT_RD);
+    shutdown(sock, SHUT_RDWR);
     close(sock);
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -142,6 +143,7 @@ fail1:
 void *
 run_as_client(void *arg)
 {
+    (void)arg;
     int sock = -1;
     struct sockaddr_in addr = { 0 };
     /* buf of server is 106 bytes */
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ run_as_client(void *arg)
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    local_printf("Receive %ld bytes successlly!\n", recv_len);
+    local_printf("Receive %ld bytes successfully!\n", recv_len);
     assert(recv_len == 106);
 
     local_printf("Data:\n");
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ run_as_client(void *arg)
     }
 
 fail:
-    shutdown(sock, SHUT_RD);
+    shutdown(sock, SHUT_RDWR);
     close(sock);
     return NULL;
 }
@@ -203,6 +205,8 @@ fail:
 int
 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
+    (void)argc;
+    (void)argv;
     pthread_t cs[2] = { 0 };
     uint8_t i = 0;
     int ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;

tests/benchmarks/README.md

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Refer to the `README.md` under each folder for how to build and run the benchmar
 
 ## Install `llvm-profdata`
 
+> PS: the `llvm-profdata` vesion needs to be the same major version with llvm libraries used to build wamrc.
+
 The tool `llvm-profdata` is used when running the `test_pgo.sh` script under the benchmark folder. There are two ways to install it:
 
 1. Refer to https://apt.llvm.org/, e.g. in Ubuntu 20.04, add lines below to /etc/apt/source.list
@@ -18,19 +20,22 @@ deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal main
 # 15
 deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-15 main
 deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-15 main
+# 18
+deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-18 main
+deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-18 main
 ```
 
 Then run `sudo apt update`, `sudo apt install llvm`. And after installing:
 
 ```bash
 cd /usr/bin
-sudo ln -s llvm-profdata-15 llvm-profdata
+sudo ln -s llvm-profdata-18 llvm-profdata
 ```
 
 2. Build manually
 
 ```bash
-git clone --depth 1 --branch release/15.x https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git
+git clone --depth 1 --branch release/18.x https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git
 cd llvm-project
 mkdir build && cd build
 cmake ../llvm \

tests/benchmarks/coremark/run.sh

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+set -e
 
 PLATFORM=$(uname -s | tr A-Z a-z)
 

tests/benchmarks/coremark/test_pgo.sh

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+set -e
 
 PLATFORM=$(uname -s | tr A-Z a-z)
 

tests/fuzz/wasm-mutator-fuzz/server/app/main.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def to_json(inst, cls):
 
 
 class Fuzzing(db.Model):
-    __tablename__ = 'fazzing_task'
+    __tablename__ = 'fuzzing_task'
     id = db.Column(db.Integer, autoincrement=True,
                    primary_key=True, nullable=False)
     repo = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False, default='')
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class TaskError(db.Model):
     __tablename__ = 'task_error'
     id = db.Column(db.Integer, autoincrement=True,
                    primary_key=True, nullable=False)
-    fazzing_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("fazzing_task.id"))
+    fuzzing_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("fuzzing_task.id"))
     name = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False, default='')
     std_out = db.Column(db.Text, default='')
     data = db.Column(db.JSON)
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ def to_data(data):
 
 def error_count(data):
     error = len(TaskError.query.filter(
-        TaskError.fazzing_id == data.get('id'), TaskError.status.in_([1, 2])).all())
+        TaskError.fuzzing_id == data.get('id'), TaskError.status.in_([1, 2])).all())
     end_error = len(TaskError.query.filter(
-        TaskError.fazzing_id == data.get('id'), TaskError.status == 0).all())
+        TaskError.fuzzing_id == data.get('id'), TaskError.status == 0).all())
     data['error'] = error
     data['end_error'] = end_error
     return data
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ def show_fuzz_list():
     id = data.get('id')
     if id:
         all_error = TaskError.query.filter(
-            TaskError.fazzing_id == id).with_entities(TaskError.id, TaskError.fazzing_id,
+            TaskError.fuzzing_id == id).with_entities(TaskError.id, TaskError.fuzzing_id,
                                                       TaskError.create_time, TaskError.data,
                                                       TaskError.name, TaskError.status,
                                                       TaskError.update_time, TaskError.comment).order_by(TaskError.status.desc(), TaskError.update_time.desc(), TaskError.id.desc()).all()
-        data_message = [{'id': error['id'], "fuzzing_id": error['fazzing_id'],
+        data_message = [{'id': error['id'], "fuzzing_id": error['fuzzing_id'],
                          "name": error['name'], "data": error['data'],
                          'create_time': error['create_time'].strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
                          'update_time': error['update_time'].strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ def New_fuzzing():
         # curd.set_error_status_to(list(map(lambda x: x.id, error_list)), db)
         # Fuzzing.query.filter_by(id=fuzz.id).delete()
         fuzz.data = {'error': "Clone repo Error"}
-        db.commit()
+        db.session.commit()
         return jsonify({"status": 0, "result": "", "msg": "Clone repo Error"})
 
     wamr_path_parent = fuzz_dir.parent.parent
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ def scheduler_run_task():
 
     for fuzz in fuzz_query:
         all_error = TaskError.query.filter(
-            TaskError.fazzing_id == fuzz.id).with_entities(TaskError.name).all()
+            TaskError.fuzzing_id == fuzz.id).with_entities(TaskError.name).all()
         fuzz_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
             'workspace' / f'build_{fuzz.id}'
         dir_list = filter(lambda x: x.startswith(
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ def scheduler_run_task():
         for dir in dir_list:
             cmd = f'cd {fuzz_cmd} && ./wasm_mutator_fuzz {dir}'
             status, resp = getstatusoutput(cmd)
-            task_error = TaskError(name=dir, std_out=resp, fazzing_id=fuzz.id,
+            task_error = TaskError(name=dir, std_out=resp, fuzzing_id=fuzz.id,
                                    create_time=datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(hours=8))
             db.session.add(task_error)
             db.session.commit()
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def get_error_txt():
         return jsonify({"status": 0, "results": [], 'msg': "Error"})
     error = TaskError.query.get(id)
     fuzz_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
-        'workspace' / f'build_{error.fazzing_id}'
+        'workspace' / f'build_{error.fuzzing_id}'
     file_cmd = fuzz_cmd / error.name
 
     response = send_file(file_cmd, as_attachment=True,
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ def get_cases_zip():
     with ZipFile(memory_file, "w", ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
         for task_error in task_query:
             fuzz_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
-                'workspace' / f'build_{task_error.fazzing_id}'
+                'workspace' / f'build_{task_error.fuzzing_id}'
             file_cmd = fuzz_cmd / task_error.name
             zf.write(str(file_cmd), arcname=task_error.name)
     memory_file.seek(0)
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ def error_restart():
     if run_status:
         return jsonify({"status": 0, "results": [], 'msg': "There are already tasks in progress"})
     task_query = TaskError.query.filter(TaskError.id.in_(id_list)).all()
-    fuzzing_id = task_query[0].fazzing_id
+    fuzzing_id = task_query[0].fuzzing_id
     fuzz_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
         'workspace' / f'build_{fuzzing_id}'
     restart_cmd = wasm_mutator_dir / \
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ def error_restart():
     if not Path(restart_cmd / 'wamr').exists():
         print('------ error: clone repo not folder exists ------')
         # fuzz.data = {'error': "Clone repo Error"}
-        db.commit()
+        db.session.commit()
         return jsonify({"status": 0, "result": "", "msg": "Clone repo Error"})
     wamr_path_parent = fuzz_dir.parent.parent
     wamr_path = wamr_path_parent / 'wamr'

tests/regression/ba-issues/README.md

@@ -218,22 +218,57 @@ simply run `run.py`
 ./run.py
 ```
 
+Specify a specific issue with option `--issues`/`-i`
+
+```shell
+./run.py --issues 2833         # test 1 issue #2833
+./run.py -i 2833,2834,2835     # test 3 issues #2833 #2834 #2835
+```
+
 If everything went well, you should see similarly output in your command line output
 
 ```shell
-Finish testing, 22/22 of test cases passed, no more issues should further test
+==== Test results ====
+   Total: 22
+  Passed: 22
+  Failed: 0
+  Left issues in folder: no more
+  Cases in JSON but not found in folder: no more
 ```
 
 If you add the test case under directory `issues` but forget to add the running config in json file, the output can be something like
 
 ```shell
-Finish testing, 21/21 of test cases passed, {2945} issue(s) should further test
+==== Test results ====
+   Total: 21
+  Passed: 21
+  Failed: 0
+  missed: 0
+  Left issues in folder: #3022
+  Cases in JSON but not found in folder: no more
+```
+
+If you add the test case in `running_config.json` but used the wrong id or forget to add the test case under directory `issues`, the output can be someting like
+
+```shell
+==== Test results ====
+   Total: 21
+  Passed: 21
+  Failed: 0
+  missed: 0
+  Left issues in folder: #2855
+  Cases in JSON but not found in folder: #12345
 ```
 
 If some test case are failing, then it will be something like
 
 ```shell
-Finish testing, 21/22 of test cases passed, no more issue(s) should further test
+==== Test results ====
+   Total: 22
+  Passed: 21
+  Failed: 1
+  Left issues in folder: no more
+  Cases in JSON but not found in folder: no more
 ```
 
 And a log file named `issues_tests.log` will be generated and inside it will display the details of the failing cases, for example:

tests/regression/ba-issues/run.py

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ import os
 import subprocess
 import glob
 import re
-from typing import Dict
+import argparse
+
+from typing import Dict, Optional, List
 
 WORK_DIR = os.getcwd()
 TEST_WASM_COMMAND = (
@@ -45,7 +47,12 @@ def dump_error_log(failing_issue_id, command_lists, exit_code_cmp, stdout_cmp):
         )
 
 
-def get_issue_ids_should_test():
+def get_issue_ids_should_test(selected_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None):
+    """Find all issue IDs that should be tested in folder issues."""
+    # If specific issue IDs are provided, return them as a set
+    if selected_ids:
+        return set(selected_ids)
+
     # Define the path pattern
     path_pattern = "issues/issue-*"
 
@@ -60,8 +67,8 @@ def get_issue_ids_should_test():
         # Extract the issue number using regular expression
         match = re.search(pattern, dir_path)
         if match:
-            issue_number = match.group(1)
-            issue_numbers.add(int(issue_number))
+            issue_number = int(match.group(1))
+            issue_numbers.add(issue_number)
 
     # Print the set of issue numbers
     return issue_numbers
@@ -77,10 +84,10 @@ def get_and_check(d, key, default=None, nullable=False):
 
 
 def run_and_compare_results(
-    passed_ids, failed_ids, issue_id, cmd, description, ret_code, stdout_content
-):
+    issue_id, cmd, description, ret_code, stdout_content
+) -> bool:
     print(f"####################################")
-    print(f"test BA issue #{issue_id} `{description}`: {cmd}")
+    print(f"test BA issue #{issue_id} `{description}`...")
     command_list = cmd.split()
     result = subprocess.run(
         command_list,
@@ -95,19 +102,21 @@ def run_and_compare_results(
 
     exit_code_cmp = f"exit code (actual, expected) : {actual_exit_code, ret_code}"
     stdout_cmp = f"stdout (actual, expected) : {actual_output, stdout_content}"
-    print(exit_code_cmp)
-    print(stdout_cmp)
 
     if actual_exit_code == ret_code and (
         actual_output == stdout_content
-        or (stdout_content == "Compile success"
-            and actual_output.find(stdout_content) != -1)
+        or (
+            stdout_content == "Compile success"
+            and actual_output.find(stdout_content) != -1
+        )
         or (len(stdout_content) > 30 and actual_output.find(stdout_content) != -1)
     ):
-        passed_ids.add(issue_id)
         print("== PASS ==")
+        return True
     else:
-        failed_ids.add(issue_id)
+        print(cmd)
+        print(exit_code_cmp)
+        print(stdout_cmp)
         print(f"== FAILED: {issue_id} ==")
         dump_error_log(
             issue_id,
@@ -115,15 +124,11 @@ def run_and_compare_results(
             exit_code_cmp,
             stdout_cmp,
         )
-
-    print("")
+        return False
 
 
-def run_issue_test_wamrc(
-    passed_ids, failed_ids, issue_id, compile_options, stdout_only_cmp_last_line=False
-):
+def run_issue_test_wamrc(issue_id, compile_options):
     compiler = get_and_check(compile_options, "compiler")
-    only_compile = get_and_check(compile_options, "only compile")
     in_file = get_and_check(compile_options, "in file")
     out_file = get_and_check(compile_options, "out file")
     options = get_and_check(compile_options, "options")
@@ -145,14 +150,10 @@ def run_issue_test_wamrc(
         compiler=compiler, options=options, out_file=out_file_path, in_file=in_file_path
     )
 
-    run_and_compare_results(
-        passed_ids, failed_ids, issue_id, cmd, description, ret_code, stdout_content
-    )
-
-    return only_compile
+    return run_and_compare_results(issue_id, cmd, description, ret_code, stdout_content)
 
 
-def run_issue_test_iwasm(passed_ids, failed_ids, issue_id, test_case):
+def run_issue_test_iwasm(issue_id, test_case) -> bool:
     runtime = get_and_check(test_case, "runtime")
     mode = get_and_check(test_case, "mode")
     file = get_and_check(test_case, "file")
@@ -194,17 +195,19 @@ def run_issue_test_iwasm(passed_ids, failed_ids, issue_id, test_case):
             argument=argument,
         )
 
-    run_and_compare_results(
-        passed_ids, failed_ids, issue_id, cmd, description, ret_code, stdout_content
-    )
+    return run_and_compare_results(issue_id, cmd, description, ret_code, stdout_content)
 
 
-def process_and_run_test_cases(data: Dict[str, Dict]):
-    issue_ids_should_test = get_issue_ids_should_test()
+def process_and_run_test_cases(
+    data: Dict[str, Dict], selected_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
+):
+    issue_ids_should_test = get_issue_ids_should_test(selected_ids)
 
     passed_ids = set()
     failed_ids = set()
+    json_only_ids = set()
 
+    # Iterate through each test case in the json data
     for test_case in data.get("test cases", []):
         is_deprecated = get_and_check(test_case, "deprecated")
         issue_ids = get_and_check(test_case, "ids", default=[])
@@ -214,33 +217,79 @@ def process_and_run_test_cases(data: Dict[str, Dict]):
             continue
 
         compile_options = get_and_check(test_case, "compile_options", nullable=True)
-        for issue_id in issue_ids:
-            only_compile = False
-            # if this issue needs to test wamrc to compile the test case first
-            if compile_options:
-                only_compile = compile_options["only compile"]
-                run_issue_test_wamrc(passed_ids, failed_ids, issue_id, compile_options)
 
-            # if this issue requires to test iwasm to run the test case
-            if not only_compile:
-                run_issue_test_iwasm(passed_ids, failed_ids, issue_id, test_case)
+        for issue_id in issue_ids:
+            if issue_id not in issue_ids_should_test:
+                json_only_ids.add(issue_id)
+                continue
 
             # cross out the this issue_id in the should test set
             issue_ids_should_test.remove(issue_id)
 
+            only_compile = False
+
+            # if this issue needs to test wamrc to compile the test case first
+            if compile_options:
+                only_compile = compile_options["only compile"]
+                compile_res = run_issue_test_wamrc(issue_id, compile_options)
+                if only_compile:
+                    if compile_res:
+                        passed_ids.add(issue_id)
+                    else:
+                        failed_ids.add(issue_id)
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    # if compile success, then continue to test iwasm
+                    if not compile_res:
+                        failed_ids.add(issue_id)
+                        continue
+
+            # if this issue requires to test iwasm to run the test case
+            if not only_compile:
+                if run_issue_test_iwasm(issue_id, test_case):
+                    passed_ids.add(issue_id)
+                else:
+                    failed_ids.add(issue_id)
+
     total = len(passed_ids) + len(failed_ids)
     passed = len(passed_ids)
     failed = len(failed_ids)
-    issue_ids_should_test = (
-        issue_ids_should_test if issue_ids_should_test else "no more"
+
+    format_issue_ids_should_test = (
+        " ".join(f"#{x}" for x in issue_ids_should_test)
+        if issue_ids_should_test
+        else "no more"
     )
+    format_json_only_ids = (
+        " ".join(f"#{x}" for x in json_only_ids) if json_only_ids else "no more"
+    )
+
+    print(f"####################################")
     print(f"==== Test results ====")
     print(f"   Total: {total}")
     print(f"  Passed: {passed}")
     print(f"  Failed: {failed}")
+    if not selected_ids:
+        print(f"  Left issues in folder: {format_issue_ids_should_test}")
+        print(f"  Cases in JSON but not found in folder: {format_json_only_ids}")
+    else:
+        print(f"  Issues not found in folder: {format_issue_ids_should_test}")
 
 
 def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Run BA issue tests.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-i",
+        "--issues",
+        type=str,
+        help="Comma separated list of issue ids to run, e.g. 1,2,3. Default: all.",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    selected_ids = None
+    if args.issues:
+        selected_ids = [int(x) for x in args.issues.split(",") if x.strip().isdigit()]
+
     # Path to the JSON file
     file_path = "running_config.json"
 
@@ -256,7 +305,7 @@ def main():
         os.remove(LOG_FILE)
 
     # Process the data
-    process_and_run_test_cases(data)
+    process_and_run_test_cases(data, selected_ids)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

tests/requirement-engineering/gc-aot/build_spec_interpreter.sh

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ git apply ../../../wamr-test-suites/spec-test-script/gc_ignore_cases.patch
 # Set OCaml compiler environment
 eval $(opam config env)
 
-echo "compile the reference intepreter"
+echo "compile the reference interpreter"
 pushd interpreter
 make
 popd

tests/standalone/test-running-modes/test_c_embed_api_thoroughly.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import os
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 
-def CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(running_modes_supported: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+def CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(running_modes_supported: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     res = []
     list_2d = [["--default-running-mode={} --module-running-mode={}".format(i, j)
                 for i in running_modes_supported] for j in running_modes_supported]
@@ -35,16 +35,16 @@ def main():
     ]
 
     # Python 3.7+: Dictionary iteration order is guaranteed to be in order of insertion.
-    # just to be safe, using orderreddict
+    # just to be safe, using OrderedDict
     # key: value -> compile mode, {"compile_flag": CMake compile flag, "iwasm_cli_args": array of CLI args tested}
     test_options = OrderedDict({
-        "INTERP": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[0], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:1])},
-        "FAST_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[1], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:2])},
+        "INTERP": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[0], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:1])},
+        "FAST_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[1], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:2])},
         "LLVM_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[2],
-                     "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR([RUNNING_MODES[0], RUNNING_MODES[2]])},
-        "MULTI_TIER_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[3], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(RUNNING_MODES)},
+                     "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR([RUNNING_MODES[0], RUNNING_MODES[2]])},
+        "MULTI_TIER_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[3], "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(RUNNING_MODES)},
         "EAGER_JIT_WITH_BOTH_JIT": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[4],
-                                    "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENREATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:3])}
+                                    "cli_args": CLI_ARGS_GENERATOR(RUNNING_MODES[:3])}
     })
 
     build_cmd = "./build_c_embed.sh \"{build_flag}\""

tests/standalone/test-running-modes/test_iwasm_thoroughly.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def main():
     ]
 
     # Python 3.7+: Dictionary iteration order is guaranteed to be in order of insertion.
-    # just to be safe, using orderreddict
+    # just to be safe, using OrderedDict
     # key: value -> compile mode, {"compile_flag": CMake compile flag, "iwasm_cli_args": array of CLI args tested}
     test_options = OrderedDict({
         "INTERP": {"compile_flag": COMPILE_FLAGS[0], "iwasm_cli_args": IWASM_CLI_ARGS[:1]},

tests/unit/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -19,8 +19,15 @@ set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS}")
 
 if(WAMR_BUILD_TARGET STREQUAL "X86_32")
-  set (CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -m32")
-  set (CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -m32")
+  # 1) Force -m32
+  set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -m32" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -m32" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+  set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -m32" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+  set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -m32" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+
+  # 2) Make CMake prefer i386 libraries
+  set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR i386 CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+  set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_ARCHITECTURE "i386-linux-gnu" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
 endif()
 
 # Prevent overriding the parent project's compiler/linker
@@ -29,12 +36,21 @@ set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 
 # Fetch Google test
 include (FetchContent)
-FetchContent_Declare (
+
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.24")
+  FetchContent_Declare (
     googletest
     URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/03597a01ee50ed33e9dfd640b249b4be3799d395.zip
-    DOWNLOAD_EXTRACT_TIMESTAMP TRUE
-)
-FetchContent_MakeAvailable (googletest)
+    DOWNLOAD_EXTRACT_TIMESTAMP ON
+  )
+else()
+  FetchContent_Declare (
+    googletest
+    URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/03597a01ee50ed33e9dfd640b249b4be3799d395.zip
+  )
+endif()
+
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
 
 SET(GOOGLETEST_INCLUDED 1)
 

tests/unit/memory64/memory64_atomic_test.cc

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class memory64_atomic_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         return true;
 
     fail:
-        if (!module)
+        if (module)
             wasm_runtime_unload(module);
 
         return false;
@@ -56,11 +56,13 @@ class memory64_atomic_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         if (exec_env)
             wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
         if (module_inst)
+            wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
+        if (module)
             wasm_runtime_unload(module);
         return false;
     }
 
-    void destory_exec_env()
+    void destroy_exec_env()
     {
         wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
         wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ class memory64_atomic_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
     virtual void TearDown()
     {
         if (cleanup) {
-            destory_exec_env();
+            destroy_exec_env();
             wasm_runtime_destroy();
             cleanup = false;
         }
@@ -339,8 +341,8 @@ TEST_P(memory64_atomic_test_suite, atomic_opcodes_i64_rmw_cmpxchg)
     PUT_I64_TO_ADDR(wasm_argv + 2, 0x100F0E0D0C0B0A09);
     // new
     PUT_I64_TO_ADDR(wasm_argv + 4, 0xdeadcafebeefdead);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(wasm_runtime_call_wasm(exec_env, func_map["i64_atomic_rmw_cmpxchg"],
-                                       6, wasm_argv));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wasm_runtime_call_wasm(
+        exec_env, func_map["i64_atomic_rmw_cmpxchg"], 6, wasm_argv));
     i64 = 0x100F0E0D0C0B0A09;
     ASSERT_EQ(i64, GET_U64_FROM_ADDR(wasm_argv));
 

tests/unit/memory64/memory64_test.cc

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class memory64_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         return true;
 
     fail:
-        if (!module)
+        if (module)
             wasm_runtime_unload(module);
 
         return false;
@@ -56,11 +56,13 @@ class memory64_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         if (exec_env)
             wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
         if (module_inst)
+            wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
+        if (module)
             wasm_runtime_unload(module);
         return false;
     }
 
-    void destory_exec_env()
+    void destroy_exec_env()
     {
         wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
         wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ TEST_P(memory64_test_suite, memory_8GB)
     i64 = 0xbeefdead;
     ASSERT_EQ(i64, GET_U64_FROM_ADDR(wasm_argv));
 
-    destory_exec_env();
+    destroy_exec_env();
 }
 
 TEST_P(memory64_test_suite, mem64_from_clang)
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ TEST_P(memory64_test_suite, mem64_from_clang)
     i32 = 0x109;
     ASSERT_EQ(i32, wasm_argv[0]);
 
-    destory_exec_env();
+    destroy_exec_env();
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(RunningMode, memory64_test_suite,

tests/unit/running-modes/wasm_running_modes_test.cc

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ std::string TEST_WASM1 = "/hello.wasm";
 std::string TEST_WASM2 = "/mytest.wasm";
 char *WASM_FILE_1;
 char *WASM_FILE_2;
-std::vector<RunningMode> running_mode_supportted = { Mode_Interp,
+std::vector<RunningMode> running_mode_supported = { Mode_Interp,
 #if WASM_ENABLE_FAST_JIT != 0
                                                      Mode_Fast_JIT,
 #endif
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         return true;
 
     fail:
-        if (!module)
+        if (module)
             wasm_runtime_unload(module);
 
         return false;
@@ -101,11 +101,13 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         if (exec_env)
             wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
         if (module_inst)
+            wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
+        if (module)
             wasm_runtime_unload(module);
         return false;
     }
 
-    void destory_exec_env()
+    void destroy_exec_env()
     {
         wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
         wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(module_inst);
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         ASSERT_TRUE(ret);
         ASSERT_EQ(10, wasm_argv[0]);
 
-        destory_exec_env();
+        destroy_exec_env();
     }
 
     void run_wasm_complex(char *filename1, char *filename2,
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         ASSERT_TRUE(ret);
         ASSERT_EQ(10, wasm_argv[0]);
 
-        destory_exec_env();
+        destroy_exec_env();
 
         /* run wasm file 2 in running_mode */
         ret = load_wasm_file(filename2);
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ class wasm_running_modes_test_suite : public testing::TestWithParam<RunningMode>
         ret = wasm_runtime_call_wasm(exec_env, main, 2, wasm_argv);
         ASSERT_TRUE(ret);
 
-        destory_exec_env();
+        destroy_exec_env();
     }
 
   public:
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@ TEST_F(wasm_running_modes_test_suite, wasm_runtime_is_running_mode_supported)
     // normal situation
     ASSERT_EQ(true, wasm_runtime_is_running_mode_supported(
                         static_cast<RunningMode>(Mode_Default)));
-    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supportted) {
+    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supported) {
         ASSERT_EQ(true, wasm_runtime_is_running_mode_supported(running_mode));
     }
 
@@ -264,7 +266,7 @@ TEST_F(wasm_running_modes_test_suite, wasm_runtime_set_default_running_mode)
     // normal situation: only set up
     ASSERT_EQ(true, wasm_runtime_set_default_running_mode(
                         static_cast<RunningMode>(Mode_Default)));
-    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supportted) {
+    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supported) {
         ASSERT_EQ(true, wasm_runtime_set_default_running_mode(running_mode));
     }
 
@@ -296,13 +298,13 @@ TEST_P(wasm_running_modes_test_suite,
        wasm_runtime_set_and_get_running_mode_complex)
 {
     RunningMode default_running_mode = GetParam();
-    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supportted) {
+    for (auto running_mode : running_mode_supported) {
         run_wasm_complex(WASM_FILE_1, WASM_FILE_2, default_running_mode,
                          running_mode);
     }
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(RunningMode, wasm_running_modes_test_suite,
-                        testing::ValuesIn(running_mode_supportted));
+                        testing::ValuesIn(running_mode_supported));
 
 }

tests/unit/shared-heap/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,12 +12,20 @@ set(WAMR_BUILD_AOT 1)
 set(WAMR_BUILD_INTERP 1)
 set(WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP 1)
 set(WAMR_BUILD_JIT 0)
-set(WAMR_BUILD_MEMORY64 1)
+if(WAMR_BUILD_TARGET STREQUAL "X86_32")
+    set(WAMR_BUILD_MEMORY64 0)
+else()
+    set(WAMR_BUILD_MEMORY64 1)
+endif()
 set(WAMR_BUILD_SHARED_HEAP 1)
 
 # Compile wasm modules
 add_subdirectory(wasm-apps)
 
+if (WAMR_BUILD_MEMORY64 EQUAL 1)
+   add_subdirectory(wasm-apps/memory64)
+endif ()
+
 # if only load this CMake other than load it as subdirectory
 include(../unit_common.cmake)
 

tests/unit/shared-heap/wasm-apps/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -29,44 +29,81 @@ set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
       -Wl,--allow-undefined"
         )
 
+if (WAMR_BUILD_TARGET STREQUAL "X86_32")
+  set (WAMR_COMPILER_FLAGS --opt-level=3 --bounds-checks=1 --enable-shared-heap --target=i386)
+  set (WAMR_COMPILER_CHAIN_FLAGS --opt-level=3 --bounds-checks=1 --enable-shared-chain --target=i386)
+else ()
+  set (WAMR_COMPILER_FLAGS --opt-level=3 --bounds-checks=1 --enable-shared-heap)
+  set (WAMR_COMPILER_CHAIN_FLAGS --opt-level=3 --bounds-checks=1 --enable-shared-chain)
+endif ()
+
+function(copy_wasm TARGET_NAME)
+    add_custom_command(TARGET ${TARGET_NAME} POST_BUILD
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
+                ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${TARGET_NAME}
+                ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../
+        COMMENT "Copy ${TARGET_NAME} to the same directory of google test"
+    )
+endfunction()
+
+function(compile_and_copy_aot_from TARGET_NAME)
+    string(REPLACE ".wasm" ".aot" AOT_TARGET ${TARGET_NAME})
+    string(REPLACE ".wasm" "_chain.aot" AOT_CHAIN_TARGET ${TARGET_NAME})
+
+    add_custom_command(TARGET ${TARGET_NAME} POST_BUILD
+        COMMAND ${WAMRC_ROOT_DIR}/wamrc ${WAMR_COMPILER_FLAGS}
+                -o ${AOT_TARGET}
+                ${TARGET_NAME}
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
+                ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${AOT_TARGET}
+                ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../
+        COMMAND ${WAMRC_ROOT_DIR}/wamrc ${WAMR_COMPILER_CHAIN_FLAGS}
+                -o ${AOT_CHAIN_TARGET}
+                ${TARGET_NAME}
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
+                ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${AOT_CHAIN_TARGET}
+                ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../
+        COMMENT "Compile and copy ${AOT_TARGET} to the same directory of google test"
+    )
+endfunction()
+
 add_executable(test.wasm test.c)
 target_link_libraries(test.wasm)
-
-add_custom_command(TARGET test.wasm POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/test.wasm
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../
-        COMMENT "Copy test.wasm to the same directory of google test"
-        )
-
-add_custom_command(TARGET test.wasm POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND ${WAMRC_ROOT_DIR}/wamrc --opt-level=0 --enable-shared-heap --bounds-checks=1
-        -o
-        test.aot
-        test.wasm
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/test.aot
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../
-        COMMENT "Copy test.aot to the same directory of google test"
-        )
+copy_wasm(test.wasm)
+compile_and_copy_aot_from(test.wasm)
 
 add_executable(test_addr_conv.wasm test_addr_conv.c)
-target_link_libraries(test.wasm)
+target_link_libraries(test_addr_conv.wasm)
+copy_wasm(test_addr_conv.wasm)
+compile_and_copy_aot_from(test_addr_conv.wasm)
 
-add_custom_command(TARGET test_addr_conv.wasm POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/test_addr_conv.wasm
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../
-        COMMENT "Copy test_addr_conv.wasm to the same directory of google test"
-        )
+# copy and compile aot for bulk memory test
+set(SOURCE_WASM ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bulk-memory/test_bulk_memory.wasm)
+set(BUILD_WASM ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../test_bulk_memory.wasm)
+set(OUTPUT_AOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../test_bulk_memory.aot)
+set(OUTPUT_CHAIN_AOT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../test_bulk_memory_chain.aot)
 
-add_custom_command(TARGET test_addr_conv.wasm POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND ${WAMRC_ROOT_DIR}/wamrc --opt-level=0 --enable-shared-heap --bounds-checks=1
-        -o
-        test_addr_conv.aot
-        test_addr_conv.wasm
+add_custom_command(
+    OUTPUT ${BUILD_WASM}
     COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy 
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/test_addr_conv.aot
-        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/../
-        COMMENT "Copy test_addr_conv.aot to the same directory of google test"
-        )
+            ${SOURCE_WASM}
+            ${BUILD_WASM}   
+    DEPENDS ${SOURCE_WASM}
+    COMMENT "Copying bulk memory WASM to build directory"
+)
+
+add_custom_command(
+    OUTPUT ${OUTPUT_AOT}
+    COMMAND ${WAMRC_ROOT_DIR}/wamrc ${WAMR_COMPILER_FLAGS}
+            -o ${OUTPUT_AOT} 
+            ${BUILD_WASM}
+    COMMAND ${WAMRC_ROOT_DIR}/wamrc ${WAMR_COMPILER_CHAIN_FLAGS}
+            -o ${OUTPUT_CHAIN_AOT} 
+            ${BUILD_WASM}
+    DEPENDS ${BUILD_WASM}
+    COMMENT "Compiling bulk memory AOT from copied WASM"
+)
+
+add_custom_target(compile_bulk_memory_aot ALL
+    DEPENDS ${OUTPUT_AOT}
+)

tests/unit/shared-heap/wasm-apps/bulk-memory/test_bulk_memory.wat

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+(module
+  (memory 1)
+
+  (func $memory_fill_test (param $dst i32) (param $val i32) (param $len i32)
+    local.get $dst
+    local.get $val
+    local.get $len
+    memory.fill
+  )
+
+  (export "memory_fill_test" (func $memory_fill_test))
+)